Madrid (Senate constituency)

Madrid
Madrid
Senate of Spain; Electoral constituency
	Location of Madrid within Spain
Province	Madrid
Autonomous community	Community of Madrid
Population	7,001,715 (2024)
Electorate	5,224,561 (2023)
Major settlements	Madrid, Móstoles, Alcalá de Henares, Fuenlabrada, Leganés, Getafe, Alcorcón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Parla, Alcobendas
Current constituency
Created	1977
Seats	4
Members	PP (3); PSOE (1);

Madrid is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,^[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.^[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.^[4]

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.^[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.^[6]^[7] Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting (Spanish: Voto rogado).^[8]^[9] which was abolished in 2022.^[10] Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated.^[11] 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each.^[a] Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.^[14]^[15] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.^[16]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.^[17] Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system.^[18]

Senators

Senators for Madrid 1977–

Key to parties

Pod.

PSP

SpD

PSOE

Cs

UCD

PP

CP

AP

Legislature

Election

Distribution

Constituent

1977

1

3

1st

1979

2

2nd

1982

3

1

3rd

1986

3

1

4th

1989

1

3

5th

1993

1

3

6th

1996

1

3

7th

2000

1

3

8th

2004

1

3

9th

2008

1

3

10th

2011

1

3

11th

2015

1

3

12th

2016

1

3

13th

2019 (Apr)

2

1

14th

2019 (Nov)

2

15th

2023

1

3

General elections

2023

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	4,427,681	42.69	+8.23	3	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	3,051,941	29.42	−1.08	1	−1
	Unite (Sumar)¹	1,444,204	13.92	−1.74	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	1,241,194	11.97	+5.88	0	±0
	Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)²	90,304	0.87	−0.88	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	17,733	0.17	+0.04	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	14,986	0.14	−0.13	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	14,938	0.14	−0.07	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)	12,980	0.13	New	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS)	7,318	0.07	New	0	±0
Blank ballots^[b]		48,887	1.37	−0.28

Total		10,372,166			4	±0

Valid votes		3,574,585	98.42	−0.01
Invalid votes		57,422	1.58	+0.01
Votes cast / turnout		3,632,007	69.52	−0.80
Abstentions		1,592,554	30.48	+0.80
Registered voters		5,224,561

Sources^[19]
Footnotes: ¹ Unite results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can and More Country–Equo in the November 2019 election. ² Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the November 2019 election.

November 2019

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	3,335,762	34.46	+12.63	2	+1
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	2,951,980	30.50	+2.70	2	±0
	United We Can (Podemos–IU)	1,321,119	13.65	−1.77	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	980,431	10.13	−10.31	0	−1
	Vox (Vox)	589,389	6.09	−5.08	0	±0
	More Country–Equo (Más País–Equo)	194,510	2.01	New	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	169,838	1.75	−0.42	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	26,308	0.27	+0.09	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)	20,143	0.21	New	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)	19,876	0.21	−0.13	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	12,659	0.13	−0.04	0	±0
Blank ballots^[b]		58,072	1.65	+0.25

Total		9,680,087			4	±0

Valid votes		3,521,712	98.43	+0.04
Invalid votes		56,348	1.57	−0.04
Votes cast / turnout		3,578,060	70.32	−4.95
Abstentions		1,510,033	29.68	+4.95
Registered voters		5,088,093

Sources^[19]

April 2019

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Madrid
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	3,024,740	27.80	+7.29	2	+1
	People's Party (PP)	2,375,330	21.83	−17.97	1	−2
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	2,224,092	20.44	+5.88	1	+1
	United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)	1,677,306	15.42	−4.77	0	±0
	Vox (Vox)	1,215,649	11.17	+10.51	0	±0
	Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)	236,010	2.17	+0.21	0	±0
	Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)	37,333	0.34	+0.04	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	19,611	0.18	+0.11	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	18,250	0.17	New	0	±0
Blank ballots^[b]		52,491	1.40	−0.78

Total		10,880,812			4	±0

Valid votes		3,743,556	98.39	+0.10
Invalid votes		61,072	1.61	−0.10
Votes cast / turnout		3,804,628	75.27	+5.14
Abstentions		1,250,327	24.73	−5.14
Registered voters		5,054,955

Sources^[19]