Álava (Senate constituency)

Álava
Senate of Spain
Electoral constituency
Location of Álava within Spain
ProvinceÁlava
Autonomous communityBasque Country
PopulationIncrease 339,137 (2024)[1]
ElectorateIncrease 260,214 (2023)
Major settlementsVitoria-Gasteiz
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats4
Members
  •   PSOE (3)
  •   EH Bildu (1)

Álava (Basque: Araba) is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[4]

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.[6][7] Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting (Spanish: Voto rogado).[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.[10] Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated.[11] 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each.[a] Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.[14][15] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[16]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[17] Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system.[18]

Senators

Senators for Álava 1977–
Key to parties
  EHB
  UP
  Pod.
  PSOE
  FA
  PNV
  UCD
  PP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
3 1
1st 1979
2 2
2nd 1982
3 1
3rd 1986
3 1
4th 1989
3 1
5th 1993
3 1
6th 1996
1 3
7th 2000
1 3
8th 2004
3 1
9th 2008
3 1
10th 2011
1 3
11th 2015
3 1
12th 2016
3 1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1 3
14th 2019 (Nov)
1 3
15th 2023
1 3

General elections

2023

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 130,75427.00+4.63 3+2
Basque Country Gather–Left for Independence (EH Bildu–IE) 101,12320.88+4.01 1+1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 88,62018.30−7.97 0−3
People's Party (PP) 87,13618.00+2.12 0±0
Unite (Sumar)1 52,17710.78−3.29 0±0
Vox (Vox) 16,9063.49+2.30 0±0
Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) 2,7820.57New 0±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 1,7690.37−0.39 0±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 5970.12−0.07 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 5380.11−0.01 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 3100.06−0.11 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 1,4970.90−0.35
Total 484,209 4±0
Valid votes 167,05598.01+0.03
Invalid votes 3,3911.99−0.03
Votes cast / turnout 170,44665.50−0.95
Abstentions 89,76834.50+0.95
Registered voters 260,214
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

November 2019

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 126,27026.27+1.99 3±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 107,53222.37+0.23 1±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 81,10616.87+2.32 0±0
People's Party (PP) 76,32615.88+1.91 0±0
United We Can (Podemos–IU) 67,61614.07−2.09 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 8,0891.68−2.02 0±0
Vox (Vox) 5,7351.19−1.67 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,6320.76−0.60 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 9310.19−0.02 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 7980.17−0.02 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 5760.12−0.01 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 2,1021.25−0.08
Total 480,713 4±0
Valid votes 168,29197.98+0.42
Invalid votes 3,4782.02−0.42
Votes cast / turnout 171,76966.45−3.04
Abstentions 86,72633.55+3.04
Registered voters 258,495
Sources[19]

April 2019

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 122,55824.28+5.99 3+3
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 111,75222.14+5.82 1+1
United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo Berdeak) 81,54816.16−11.76 0−3
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 73,43814.55+3.23 0±0
People's Party (PP) 70,51913.97−7.77 0−1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 18,6603.70+1.99 0±0
Vox (Vox) 14,4312.86+2.75 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6,8491.36−0.14 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,0820.21−0.08 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 9660.19New 0±0
Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 6460.13New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 2,3301.33−0.46
Total 504,779 4±0
Valid votes 174,77297.56+0.16
Invalid votes 4,3782.44−0.16
Votes cast / turnout 179,15069.49+3.31
Abstentions 78,64730.51−3.31
Registered voters 257,797
Sources[19]

2016

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–Equo)1 129,06727.92+1.04 3±0
People's Party (PP) 100,48321.74+2.54 1±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 84,56718.29+0.75 0±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 75,45516.32+2.23 0±0
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 52,31411.32−2.16 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 7,8961.71−3.24 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6,9401.50+0.32 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,3350.29+0.04 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 5810.13New 0±0
Vox (Vox) 5030.11New 0±0
Navarrese Freedom (Ln) 2240.05±0.00 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 2,9341.79−1.71
Total 462,299 4±0
Valid votes 164,09597.40+0.88
Invalid votes 4,3892.60−0.88
Votes cast / turnout 168,48466.18−4.26
Abstentions 86,09533.82+4.26
Registered voters 254,579
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

2015

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) 112,46322.85New 3+3
People's Party (PP) 94,52419.20−9.12 1−2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 86,32417.54−2.14 0±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 69,35514.09−8.77 0−1
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 66,35213.48−6.10 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 24,3474.95New 0±0
United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 19,8244.03+0.28 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 5,8291.18+0.77 0±0
Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 3,0930.63New 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,6290.53−0.46 0±0
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,2470.25New 0±0
Navarrese Freedom (Ln) 2310.05New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 6,0503.50−0.97
Total 492,268 4±0
Valid votes 172,90896.52+0.99
Invalid votes 6,2383.48−0.99
Votes cast / turnout 179,14670.44+2.20
Abstentions 75,18129.56−2.20
Registered voters 254,327
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

2011

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 129,37528.32+1.03 3+2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 104,42722.86−16.26 1−2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 89,92119.68−0.66 0±0
Amaiur (Amaiur)1 89,46319.58+14.49 0±0
United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 17,1153.75−0.56 0±0
Equo (Equo) 9,6532.11New 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4,5140.99+0.54 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2,6660.58+0.08 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,8920.41+0.14 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 5360.12New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 7,3044.47+1.99
Total 456,866 4±0
Valid votes 163,44095.53−0.41
Invalid votes 7,6554.47+0.41
Votes cast / turnout 171,09568.24−1.30
Abstentions 79,64831.76+1.30
Registered voters 317,352
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

2008

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 182,58439.12+9.31 3±0
People's Party (PP) 127,36127.29−0.15 1±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 94,93120.34−6.43 0±0
United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) 20,1334.31−3.42 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 15,4023.30−1.31 0±0
Aralar (Aralar) 8,3541.79−0.06 0±0
The Greens (B/LV) 4,7191.01New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2,3420.50New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) 2,1460.46New 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,0790.45New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,2380.27−0.01 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 3840.08−0.02 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2860.06−0.14 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 2660.06New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1030.02−0.01 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 970.02New 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 770.02±0.00 0±0
Spanish Front (Frente) 550.01New 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 440.01New 0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 400.01−0.02 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 4,1002.48+0.13
Total 466,741 4±0
Valid votes 165,40595.94+2.81
Invalid votes 7,0014.06−2.81
Votes cast / turnout 172,40669.54−7.47
Abstentions 75,52430.46+7.47
Registered voters 247,930
Sources[19]

2004

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 151,39329.81+10.54 3+2
People's Party (PP) 139,38927.44−14.01 1−2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 135,94626.77+4.04 0±0
United Left (EB/IU) 39,2697.73−0.77 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 23,4124.61−0.80 0±0
Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) 9,3981.85New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA/ZAAA) 1,4310.28New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 1,0220.20+0.08 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1,0070.20−0.44 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 5140.10−0.07 0±0
Another Democracy is Possible (ODeP) 4070.08New 0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 1720.03New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1 1590.03±0.00 0±0
Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 1010.02New 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 1000.02New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 4,1662.35−1.97
Total 507,886 4±0
Valid votes 177,41893.13−2.75
Invalid votes 13,0916.87+2.75
Votes cast / turnout 190,50977.01+7.96
Abstentions 56,86822.99−7.96
Registered voters 247,377
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

2000

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 181,79441.45+13.89 3±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 99,69522.73+1.69 0±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 84,54219.27−5.81 1±0
United Left (EB/IU) 37,2788.50−2.59 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 23,7235.41−0.75 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 2,7890.64New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 7240.17New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre–Centrist Union (CDS–UC) 5070.12−0.03 0±0
Valencian Union (UV) 1950.04+0.02 0±0
Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 1360.03New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 1160.03New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 (FEI–FE 2000) 1150.03New 0±0
Basque Citizens (EH)1 00.00−7.71 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 6,9964.32+1.35
Total 438,610 4±0
Valid votes 161,86795.88+0.32
Invalid votes 6,9544.12−0.32
Votes cast / turnout 168,82169.05−2.91
Abstentions 75,65630.95+2.91
Registered voters 244,477
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1996

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 126,43227.56+8.00 3+2
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 115,07625.08−0.58 1−2
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 96,52221.04+3.42 0±0
United Left (IU/EB) 50,87011.09+4.39 0±0
Popular Unity (HB) 35,3547.71−2.14 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 28,2546.16−0.07 0±0
Centrist Union (UC) 6830.15−0.99 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) 3330.07New 0±0
Republican Coalition (CR)1 2520.05+0.03 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 1880.04New 0±0
Valencian Union (UV) 960.02+0.01 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 4,7652.97+0.28
Total 458,825 4±0
Valid votes 160,61195.56−0.52
Invalid votes 7,4594.44+0.52
Votes cast / turnout 168,07071.96+0.54
Abstentions 65,50228.04−0.54
Registered voters 233,572
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1993

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))1 110,70125.66−9.29 3±0
People's Party (PP) 84,37519.56+5.24 1+1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 76,04117.62+0.01 0−1
Alavese Unity (UA) 49,12011.38New 0±0
Popular Unity (HB) 42,4899.85−2.46 0±0
United Left (IU/EB) 28,9276.70+3.56 0±0
Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) 26,8946.23−2.80 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 4,9081.14−5.42 0±0
The Greens (Berdeak/LV) 3,1200.72New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) 4590.11−0.45 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1910.04New 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)2 790.02−0.03 0±0
Valencian Union (UV) 580.01New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 4,1072.69+0.56
Total 431,469 4±0
Valid votes 152,44796.08+1.58
Invalid votes 6,2153.92−1.58
Votes cast / turnout 158,66271.42+4.71
Abstentions 63,49028.58−4.71
Registered voters 222,152
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1989

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 97,19325.85−8.10 3±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 66,22717.61−3.13 1±0
People's Party (PP)1 53,85714.32−2.52 0±0
Popular Unity (HB) 46,27912.31−0.06 0±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 34,2119.10+0.79 0±0
Basque Solidarity (EA) 33,9749.03New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 24,6536.56+1.19 0±0
United Left (IU/EB) 11,8053.14+2.28 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 2,0920.56New 0±0
Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)2 1,2050.32−0.35 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 9190.24New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 3280.09New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 1970.05New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 1820.05±0.00 0±0
Communists in the Senate Coalition (CS) 1370.04New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 2,7992.13−0.02
Total 376,058 4±0
Valid votes 131,62994.50−1.00
Invalid votes 7,6545.50+1.00
Votes cast / turnout 139,28366.71−3.09
Abstentions 69,49133.29+3.09
Registered voters 208,774
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1986

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 127,12233.95−1.24 3±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 77,67320.74−1.95 1±0
People's Coalition (AP–PDP–PL)1 63,04316.84−2.36 0±0
Popular Unity (HB) 46,32612.37+2.40 0±0
Basque Country Left (EE) 31,1248.31+1.32 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 20,1035.37+1.66 0±0
United Left (IU) 3,2040.86New 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 2,5220.67−0.52 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 3270.09New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 1860.05New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 2,8452.15+0.56
Total 374,475 4±0
Valid votes 132,59995.50−0.72
Invalid votes 6,2414.50+0.72
Votes cast / turnout 138,84069.80−11.71
Abstentions 60,08430.20+11.71
Registered voters 198,924
Sources[19]

1982

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) 146,17535.19+12.63 3+3
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 94,22222.69−2.63 1−1
Democratic Coalition (AP–PDP–PDL–UCD)1 79,74419.20−12.28 0−2
Popular Unity (HB) 41,4069.97−2.99 0±0
Basque Country Left–Left for Socialism (EE) 29,0376.99New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 15,4043.71New 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 4,9481.19−2.83 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,3270.32New 0±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 4530.11New 0±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 3350.08New 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LKI) 00.00−0.60 0±0
Socialist Party (PS)2 00.00−0.39 0±0
Blank ballots 2,2881.59+0.35
Total 415,339 4±0
Valid votes 143,61596.22−0.54
Invalid votes 5,6413.78+0.54
Votes cast / turnout 149,25681.51+13.70
Abstentions 33,85318.49−13.70
Registered voters 183,109
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1979

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 83,32325.70−6.14 2+1
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)1 82,09425.32n/a 2±0
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)1 73,12722.56n/a 0−1
Popular Unity (HB) 42,00312.96New 0±0
Foral Union of the Basque Country (UFPV)2 18,7545.78−1.82 0±0
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 13,0384.02+1.21 0±0
National Union (UN) 3,5411.09New 0±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) 1,9580.60New 0±0
Communist Movement–Organization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 1,8750.58New 0±0
Carlist Party (PC) 1,2840.40New 0±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh)3 1,2700.39−5.92 0±0
Union for the Freedom of Speech (ULE) 5150.16New 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 1,4211.24
Total 324,203 4±0
Valid votes 114,26596.76
Invalid votes 3,8283.24
Votes cast / turnout 118,09367.81
Abstentions 56,05232.19
Registered voters 174,145
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

1977

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Álava
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Autonomous Front (FA) 175,84848.40n/a 3n/a
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 115,68531.84n/a 1n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 27,6017.60n/a 0n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 22,9436.31n/a 0n/a
Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 11,0723.05n/a 0n/a
Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) 10,2082.81n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots[b] n/a
Total 363,357 4n/a
Valid votes n/a
Invalid votes n/a
Votes cast / turnout n/a
Abstentions n/a
Registered voters 153,080
Sources[19][20]

Notes

  1. ↑ La Gomera and El Hierro comprised a single constituency for the 1977 election. A constitutional reform in 2026 awarded Formentera an independent senator separate from Ibiza.[12][13]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

References

  1. ↑ "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
  3. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  4. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 141.
  5. ↑ LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3.
  6. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), art. 2.
  7. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 75.
  9. ↑ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  11. ↑ Marcos, José (18 October 2018). "El Congreso reconoce el derecho a votar de 100.000 discapacitados intelectuales". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  12. ↑ "The Congress gives the green light to the constitutional reform that grants Formentera its own senator". Demócrata. Agencias. 26 March 2026. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  13. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  14. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69; Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 19 & 21 LOREG (1985), arts. 162 & 165–166.
  15. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1083.
  16. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 20 & 29–30; LOREG (1985), arts. 46, 48, 166 & 170–171.
  17. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 30–31 & 34; LOREG (1985), arts. 44 & 169.
  18. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 44 bis.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  20. ↑ "Elecciones al Senado 15 de junio de 1977". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.

Bibliography

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