El Hierro (Senate constituency)

El Hierro
Senate of Spain
Electoral constituency
Location of El Hierro within Spain
IslandEl Hierro
Autonomous communityCanary Islands
PopulationIncrease 11,806 (2024)[1]
ElectorateIncrease 11,155 (2023)
Major settlementsValverde
Current constituency
Created1979
Seats1
Member
  •   AHI (1)

El Hierro is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous island) elects one senator. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, allowing electors to vote for individual candidates rather than parties.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[4]

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.[6][7] Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting (Spanish: Voto rogado).[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.[10] Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated.[11] 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each.[a] Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.[14][15] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[16]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[17] Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system.[18]

Senators

Senators for El Hierro 1977–
Key to parties
  PSOE
  AHI
  UCD
Legislature Election Distribution
1st 1979
1
2nd 1982
1
3rd 1986
1
4th 1989
1
5th 1993
1
6th 1996
1
7th 2000
1
8th 2004
1
9th 2008
1
10th 2011
1
11th 2015
1
12th 2016
1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1
14th 2019 (Nov)
1
15th 2023
1

General elections

2023

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) 2,18936.89 1+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1,75929.64 0–1
People's Party (PP) 1,17319.77 0±0
Herrenian Assembly (AH) 3606.07New 0±0
Vox (Vox) 2624.42New 0±0
Canaries Now–Communist Party of the Canarian People (ANC–UP–PCPC)1 681.15 0±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 240.40 0±0
Blank ballots[b] 991.67
Total 5,934 1±0
Valid votes 5,93499.68
Invalid votes 1960.32
Votes cast / turnout 6,13054.95
Abstentions 5,02545.05
Registered voters 11,155
Sources[19]
Footnotes:

November 2019

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Esther Carmona Delgado PSOE 2,02538.80
• Pablo Rodríguez Cejas AHI–CCa–NC 1,81834.83
• José Miguel Sánchez Padrón PP 83315.96
• Teresa de las Nieves "Maite" Ruiz González Podemos–IU 3246.21
• José Marcos Nieto Ramírez Cs 821.57
• Miriam Guerrero Hernández PACMA 420.80
• Ana Lucía López Martín Recortes Cero–GV 150.29
• Cándido Vidal González Felipe ANC–UP 70.13
Blank ballots 731.40
Total 5,219
Valid votes 5,21997.06
Invalid votes 1582.94
Votes cast / turnout 5,37749.56
Abstentions 5,47350.44
Registered voters 10,850
Sources[20]

April 2019

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Esther Carmona Delgado PSOE 2,32839.82
• Daniel Morales Barrera AHI–CCa 1,46525.06
• José Miguel Sánchez Padrón PP 1,09118.66
• Teresa de las Nieves Ruiz González Podemos–IU–Equo 4317.37
• Lisardo Gaspar Cejas Padrón Cs 3666.26
• Silvana Ferreira Pérez PACMA 761.30
• Neido González Alvarez Recortes Cero–GV 130.22
Blank ballots 771.32
Total 5,847
Valid votes 5,84796.98
Invalid votes 1823.02
Votes cast / turnout 6,02955.53
Abstentions 4,82844.47
Registered voters 10,857
Sources[21]

2016

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Pablo Rodríguez Cejas CCa–AHI 2,14940.32
• José Miguel Sánchez Padrón PP 1,28224.05
• Juan Castañeda Acosta PSOE–NCa 96618.12
• Sandra Magdalena Lima Casañas Podemos–IU–Equo 57810.84
• Lisardo Gaspar Cejas Padrón C's 1863.49
• María Josefa González Chinea PACMA 510.96
• Selene Benítez Ghersi Recortes Cero–GV 140.26
• Bruno Díaz González PCPC 90.17
Blank ballots 951.78
Total 5,330
Valid votes 5,33096.47
Invalid votes 1953.53
Votes cast / turnout 5,52551.09
Abstentions 5,29048.91
Registered voters 10,815
Sources[22][23]

2015

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Pablo Rodríguez Cejas CCa–AHI 2,13340.46
• Juan Castañeda Acosta PSOE–NCa 1,10721.00
• Rita Beatriz Machín González PP 1,01919.33
• Raimundo Casañas Ortiz Podemos 4558.63
• Sara María Pérez Padrón C's 2304.36
• Miguel Ángel Peraza Chinea IUC–IpH–UPeC 1532.90
• María Candelaria Oval Afonso PACMA 430.82
• Selene Alexandra Benítez Ghersi Recortes Cero–GV 120.23
• Ángel Basilio González Mesa UPyD 80.15
• Sara María Martín Pimentel PCPC 70.13
Blank ballots 1051.99
Total 5,272
Valid votes 5,27296.13
Invalid votes 2123.87
Votes cast / turnout 5,48451.17
Abstentions 5,23348.83
Registered voters 10,717
Sources[22][24]

2011

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Narvay Quintero Castañeda CC–AHI–NC 1,83734.69
• Juan Luis González Padrón PSOE 1,69532.01
• Ángel Luis Lima Moeck PP 1,41526.72
• Abel Fernández Acosta IUC–IpH–LV 1813.42
• José Antonio De Vera Alventosa UPyD 450.85
• Aitor González Padilla PCPE 160.30
Blank ballots 1062.00
Total 5,295
Valid votes 5,29597.35
Invalid votes 1442.65
Votes cast / turnout 5,43953.26
Abstentions 4,77346.74
Registered voters 10,212
Sources[22][25]

2008

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Narvay Quintero Castañeda AHI–CC 2,41240.15
• Alpidio Valentín Armas González PSOE 2,20436.69
• Desirée Padrón Mendoza PP 1,20119.99
• Juan Hernández Lutzardo MUPC 420.70
• Rafael Parra Hernanz IUC 320.53
• Ana María Pérez Herrera LV 160.27
• Ana Mercedes Padrón Fernández LV–GV 80.13
• Luis Alberto Hernández González PCPC 70.12
• María Isabel De Martín Padrón UPyD 60.10
• Ana Cristina González Figueroa ANC 50.08
• Victoria Alonso Plasencia POSI 50.08
• Juan Miguel Gutiérrez García PUM+J 40.07
• Echedey Padrón Guerra UP 20.03
• Cristina Estévez Llorente PH 20.03
• Rubén González Gutiérrez FE–JONS 10.02
• Jesús María Ibáñez Estévez CTC 10.02
Blank ballots 590.98
Total 6,007
Valid votes 6,00798.11
Invalid votes 1161.89
Votes cast / turnout 6,12364.11
Abstentions 3,42835.89
Registered voters 9,551
Sources[22][26]

2004

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Félix Ayala Fonte CC–AHI 2,18238.72
• María Carmen Morales Hernández PP 1,60328.45
• Luciano Eutimio Armas Morales PSOE–PNC 1,55427.58
• María Felina León Beltrán LV–IU–AC25M 741.31
• Manuel Luis Espinosa Krawany CDS 661.17
• Álvaro Juan Monzón Santana LV–GV 390.69
• Eduardo José Hernández López CTC 20.04
Blank ballots 1152.04
Total 5,635
Valid votes 5,63597.41
Invalid votes 1502.59
Votes cast / turnout 5,78564.67
Abstentions 3,16035.33
Registered voters 8,945
Sources[22][27]

2000

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Venancio Acosta Padrón CC–AHI 2,14143.33
• Regina García Casañas PP 1,42528.84
• Juan Castañeda Acosta PSOE–p 1,25025.30
• Jesús Peñas Artero FE 80.16
Blank ballots 1172.37
Total 4,941
Valid votes 4,94198.31
Invalid votes 851.69
Votes cast / turnout 5,02662.37
Abstentions 3,03337.63
Registered voters 8,059
Sources[22][28]

1996

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Pedro Luis Padrón Rodríguez CC 2,09344.93
• Inocencio Hernández González PSOE 1,25726.99
• Federico Padrón Padrón PP 1,12224.09
• Ramón Morales González IUC 711.52
• Víctor Manuel Padrón Barrera UC 190.41
Blank ballots 962.06
Total 4,658
Valid votes 4,65898.56
Invalid votes 681.44
Votes cast / turnout 4,72669.94
Abstentions 2,03130.06
Registered voters 6,757
Sources[22][29]

1993

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Pedro Luis Padrón Rodríguez CC (AHI–AIC) 1,94443.52
• Eulalio Elviro Reboso Gutiérrez PP 1,22227.36
• José Francisco Armas Pérez PSOE 1,19526.75
• Manuel Luis Espinosa Krawany CDS 340.76
• María Lourdes Rodríguez Figueroa PH 50.11
Blank ballots 671.50
Total 4,467
Valid votes 4,46798.78
Invalid votes 551.22
Votes cast / turnout 4,52272.53
Abstentions 1,71327.47
Registered voters 6,235
Sources[22][30]

1989

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Venancio Acosta Padrón AHI 1,21931.33
• José Francisco Armas Pérez PSOE 1,13329.12
• Longinos Morales Pérez PP 98325.26
• Aurelio Ayala Fonte IU–ICU 53513.75
• Agustina Tomás Fernández LV–LV 50.13
• Jesús Valentín Padrón Febles PST 10.03
• José Manuel Quevedo Talavera CEES 00.00
Blank ballots 150.39
Total 3,891
Valid votes 3,89198.18
Invalid votes 721.82
Votes cast / turnout 3,96372.62
Abstentions 1,49427.38
Registered voters 5,457
Sources[22][31]

1986

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check José Francisco Armas Pérez PSOE 1,09733.96
• Federico Padrón Padrón AP–PDP–PL 88627.43
• Aurelio Ayala Fonte ICU 79124.49
• Cayo Francisco Armas Benítez CDS 43013.31
• Florán Avelino Eulalio Fernández Darías PRD 50.15
• Juan Bautista Correas UCE 20.06
Blank ballots 190.59
Total 3,230
Valid votes 3,23098.30
Invalid votes 561.70
Votes cast / turnout 3,28663.82
Abstentions 1,86336.18
Registered voters 5,149
Sources[22][32]

1982

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Federico Padrón Padrón UCD 1,25136.24
• Eligio Hernández Gutiérrez PSOE 85524.77
• Longinos Morales Pérez AP–PDP 80223.23
• Aurelio Ayala Fonte AC–CC 41612.05
• Ramón Martín Febles Castañeda FN 712.06
• Raúl Antonio Alamo Panizo CDS 571.65
• José Francisco Armas Pérez PSOE 00.00
Blank ballots 00.00
Total 3,452
Valid votes 3,452100.00
Invalid votes 00.00
Votes cast / turnout 3,45272.48
Abstentions 1,31127.52
Registered voters 4,763
Sources[22][33][34]

1979

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Federico Padrón Padrón UCD 1,87165.70
• Aurelio Ayala Fonte PCE 38213.41
• Manuel Hernández Quintero PSOE 29910.50
• Cándido Magdaleno Cruz CD 1485.20
• Ramón Febles Castañeda UN 1314.60
Blank ballots 170.60
Total 2,848
Valid votes 2,84899.23
Invalid votes 220.77
Votes cast / turnout 2,87049.84
Abstentions 2,88950.16
Registered voters 5,759
Sources[22][35]

Notes

  1. ↑ La Gomera and El Hierro comprised a single constituency for the 1977 election. A constitutional reform in 2026 awarded Formentera an independent senator separate from Ibiza.[12][13]
  2. ↑ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

References

  1. ↑ "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
  3. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  4. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 141.
  5. ↑ LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3.
  6. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), art. 2.
  7. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 75.
  9. ↑ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  11. ↑ Marcos, José (18 October 2018). "El Congreso reconoce el derecho a votar de 100.000 discapacitados intelectuales". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  12. ↑ "The Congress gives the green light to the constitutional reform that grants Formentera its own senator". Demócrata. Agencias. 26 March 2026. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  13. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  14. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69; Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 19 & 21 LOREG (1985), arts. 162 & 165–166.
  15. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1083.
  16. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 20 & 29–30; LOREG (1985), arts. 46, 48, 166 & 170–171.
  17. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 30–31 & 34; LOREG (1985), arts. 44 & 169.
  18. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 44 bis.
  19. ↑ "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  20. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  21. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. April 2019. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Electoral Information System in the Canary Islands". www.gobiernodecanarias.org (in Spanish). Canarian Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  23. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 2016. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  24. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. December 2015. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  25. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2011. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  26. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2008. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  27. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2004. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  28. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2000. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  29. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1996. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  30. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1993. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  31. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1989. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  32. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1986. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  33. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1982. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  34. ↑ "Proclaimed candidacies for the Congress of Deputies and Senate elections called by Royal-decree 2057/1982, of 27 August" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 2 October 1982. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  35. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1979. El Hierro". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.

Bibliography

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