Lanzarote (Senate constituency)

Lanzarote
Senate of Spain
Electoral constituency
Location of Lanzarote within Spain
IslandLanzarote
Autonomous communityCanary Islands
PopulationIncrease 163,467 (2024)[1]
ElectorateIncrease 104,495 (2023)
Major settlementsArrecife
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats1
Member
  •   PSOE (1)

Lanzarote is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous island) elects one senator. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.[3] Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[4]

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.[5] The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.[6][7] Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting (Spanish: Voto rogado).[8][9] which was abolished in 2022.[10] Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated.[11] 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each.[a] Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.[14][15] Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[16]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[17] Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system.[18]

Senators

Senators for Lanzarote 1977–
Key to parties
  Podemos
  PSOE
  PIL
  CCa
  AIC
  UCD
  PP
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
1
1st 1979
1
2nd 1982
1
3rd 1986
1
4th 1989
1
5th 1993
1
6th 1996
1
7th 2000
1
8th 2004
1
9th 2008
1
10th 2011
1
11th 2015
1
12th 2016
1
13th 2019 (Apr)
1
14th 2019 (Nov)
1
15th 2023
1
15th 2023
1

General elections

2023

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE 21,303 38.34
• Jeziel Martín Arrocha PP 13,639 24.55
• Emilio José Machín Borges CC 7,367 13.26
• María Esther Tamargo Acebal Vox 5,576 10.03
• María Antonia Perera Betancor Sumar 5,404 9.72
• Carmen Belén Machín Guillén NC 1,324 2.38
• Josep Rafael Sellés I Jover Recortes Cero 117 0.21
Blank ballots 8201.47
Total 55550
Valid votes 55,55096.79
Invalid votes 1,8373.20
Votes cast / turnout 57,38757.49
Abstentions 42,43042.50
Registered voters 99817
Sources[19]

November 2019

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE 15,40031.07
• Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres PP 9,82119.81
• Samuel Carmelo Martín Morera CCa–PNC–NC 7,74715.63
• Jorge Miguel Peñas Lozano Podemos–IU 6,51813.15
• Javier Román Vas Vox 4,8989.88
• Noemí del Pino Ramírez Rodríguez Cs 2,3334.71
• Ester Gómez Brodsky Más País–Equo 8811.78
• Bárbara Fernández Granda PACMA 8001.61
• Nuria Esther Cedrés Perdomo ANC–UP 1720.35
• María del Rosario Martel Marrero Recortes Cero–GV 1130.23
• Francisca Sánchez Macías PCPC 830.17
Blank ballots 8021.62
Total 49,569
Valid votes 49,56997.18
Invalid votes 1,4362.82
Votes cast / turnout 51,00551.33
Abstentions 48,36348.67
Registered voters 99,368
Sources[20]

April 2019

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE 15,91028.19
• Luis Celestino Arráez Guadalupe CCa–PNC 9,83817.43
• Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres PP 9,46316.77
• Jorge Miguel Peñas Lozano Podemos–IU–Equo 8,25214.62
• Noemí del Pino Ramírez Rodríguez Cs 4,6418.22
• Fernando Bermejo Reales Vox 3,1395.56
• Yone Xarach Caraballo Medina NCa 2,2053.91
• Bárbara Fernández Granda PACMA 1,1672.07
• Laureano Álvarez Delgado UPLanzarote 4560.81
• Nuria Esther Cedrés Perdomo ANC–UP 1810.32
• Concepción Jiménez Rodríguez Recortes Cero–GV 1530.27
• Francisca Carmen Sánchez Mácias PCPC 670.12
Blank ballots 9541.69
Total 56,429
Valid votes 56,42996.62
Invalid votes 1,9763.38
Votes cast / turnout 58,40559.19
Abstentions 40,26340.81
Registered voters 98,668
Sources[21]

2016

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Remigio Joel Delgado Cáceres PP 13,14626.75
• Ariagona González Pérez PSOE–NCa 11,84624.10
• Juan Antonio Valencia Naranjo Podemos–IU–Equo 10,09520.54
• Marciano Acuña Betancor CCa–PNC 7,80515.88
• María Moreira León C's 4,1068.35
• Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces PACMA 9391.91
• Neido Manuel González Álvarez Recortes Cero–GV 1620.33
• Antonia María de los Ángeles León Armas Vox 1010.21
• Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo PCPC 850.17
Blank ballots 8601.75
Total 49,145
Valid votes 49,14596.53
Invalid votes 1,7673.47
Votes cast / turnout 50,91254.38
Abstentions 42,71045.62
Registered voters 93,622
Sources[22][23]

2015

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check José Ramón Galindo González Podemos 10,97322.32
• Ariagona González Pérez PSOE–NCa 10,64421.65
• Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes PP 9,88820.11
• Marciano Acuña Betancor CCa–PNC 9,25318.82
• María del Carmen Pellón Rodríguez C's 4,4899.13
• José Díaz Díaz IUC–UPeC 1,2742.59
• Ana Isabel Díaz Cruces PACMA 9641.96
• Ismael Jesús Sánchez Melián UPyD 1570.32
• Neido Manuel González Álvarez Recortes Cero–GV 1340.27
• Jorge García-Aráez Martín-Montalvo PCPC 650.13
Blank ballots 1,3312.71
Total 49,172
Valid votes 49,17295.69
Invalid votes 2,2154.31
Votes cast / turnout 51,38755.53
Abstentions 41,15944.47
Registered voters 92,546
Sources[22][24]

2011

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Oscar Manuel Luzardo Fuentes PP 15,47037.15
• Orlando Enrique Suárez Curbelo PSOE 10,97526.36
• Pedro Manuel Sanginés Gutiérrez CC–NC–PNC 10,36424.89
• José Manuel Vázquez Rodríguez IUC–CxI–PSyEP 1,3513.24
• Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde UPyD 7861.89
• Gabriel Ángel Suárez Cabrera eQuo 6051.45
• Martín Moreno Brito PUM+J 2110.51
Blank ballots 1,8804.51
Total 41,642
Valid votes 41,64294.65
Invalid votes 2,3525.35
Votes cast / turnout 43,99452.38
Abstentions 39,99347.62
Registered voters 83,987
Sources[22][25]

2008

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén PSOE 17,11837.24
• Jesús Casimiro Machín Duque CC–PNC–PIL 13,35729.06
• Astrid María Pérez Batista PP 10,90423.72
• Ginés de Quintana Cabrera AC25M 7731.68
• María Isabel Martinón López NC–CCN 6831.49
• Francisco Martínez Ferreira IUC 6131.33
• Pedro Melquiades Hernández Camacho ISAL 4490.98
• Diego Luis Casas García PACMA 3150.69
• María del Carmen Gloria Calero Fernández PUM+J 1950.42
• María del Pilar Peláez Arasa LV 1570.34
• Ignacio Sáenz de Santa María Elizalde UPyD 1540.34
• Nelson Roque Vega Gutiérrez UP 1260.27
• José Luis Morales Castillo LV–GV 1130.25
• Antonio de Jesús Quevedo Navarro ANC 520.11
• Agustín Julio Prieto Aguilar PH 420.09
• María Adoración Carpintero Cidad POSI 290.06
• Ezequiel Rial-Abraldes Lobatón FE–JONS 210.05
• Jesús Joaquín Betancor Valdez MUPC 180.04
• Carlos Javier Lorenzo Santana PCPC 180.04
• Eduardo José Hernández López CTC 160.03
• Iñaki Fernández Calvo PFyV 130.03
• Laura María Santana González PSD 60.01
Blank ballots 7951.73
Total 45,967
Valid votes 45,96796.47
Invalid votes 1,6803.53
Votes cast / turnout 47,64759.25
Abstentions 32,77440.75
Registered voters 80,421
Sources[22][26]

2004

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Marcos Francisco Hernández Guillén PSOE 13,62532.23
• Juan Pedro Hernández Rodríguez PIL 11,45727.10
• Federico Toledo Guadalupe PP 9,85023.30
• Emilia María Morales Martín AC25M 5,36012.68
• María de los Ángeles Ferrera Fernández LV–GV 4541.07
• Delia María Hernández Camacho CAyC 2330.55
• Juan Manuel de León Robayna CDS 1050.25
• Antonio Esteban Afonso Martel DN 230.05
• Luis Miguel Ruiz de Asúa Moro CTC 190.04
Blank ballots 1,1482.72
Total 42,274
Valid votes 42,27496.83
Invalid votes 1,3863.17
Votes cast / turnout 43,66058.05
Abstentions 31,55441.95
Registered voters 75,214
Sources[22][27]

2000

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Dimas Martín Martín PIL 13,52837.36
• Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea PSOE–p 8,30822.94
• Cándido Armas Rodríguez CC 6,52518.02
• Alejandro José Díaz Hernández PP 6,09416.83
• José Antonio González Hernández IUC 8422.33
• Fernando Cabrera Tarrago PH 930.26
• Andrés Manuel Perera Candelaria FE 250.07
Blank ballots 7992.21
Total 36,214
Valid votes 36,21497.13
Invalid votes 1,0712.87
Votes cast / turnout 37,28552.18
Abstentions 34,16847.82
Registered voters 71,453
Sources[22][28]

1996

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Cándido Armas Rodríguez PIL 13,16137.57
• Nicolás de Páiz Pereyra PP 10,61530.30
• Víctor Manuel Betancor de León PSOE 8,69024.81
• José Antonio González Hernández IUC 1,8275.22
Blank ballots 7382.11
Total 35,031
Valid votes 35,03197.39
Invalid votes 9382.61
Votes cast / turnout 35,96962.19
Abstentions 21,86637.81
Registered voters 57,835
Sources[22][29]

1993

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Cándido Armas Rodríguez CC (PIL–AIC) 13,48743.53
• José María Espino González PSOE 10,38433.52
• Jerónimo Ramón Quevedo Guerra PP 4,34814.03
• Cándido Reguera Díaz CDS 1,8315.91
• Manuel López-Brea Ruiz ARM–ADE 840.27
Blank ballots 8462.73
Total 30,980
Valid votes 30,98097.18
Invalid votes 9002.82
Votes cast / turnout 31,88062.43
Abstentions 19,18737.57
Registered voters 51,067
Sources[22][30]

1989

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Dimas Martín Martín AIC–IL 17,76865.62
• Juan Ramírez Montero PSOE 6,98725.81
• José Domingo Hernández Álvarez IU–ICU 7372.72
• Eduardo Barreto Betancor ACN 6822.52
• Domingo Negrín Armas PP 6112.26
• Álvaro Luis Martín PST 320.12
• Roberto Alfonso Santana Almeida FE–JONS 320.12
• Cecilia Yolanda Pérez Martín PTE–UC 240.09
Blank ballots 2030.75
Total 27,076
Valid votes 27,07696.33
Invalid votes 1,0333.67
Votes cast / turnout 28,10956.48
Abstentions 21,66343.52
Registered voters 49,772
Sources[22][31]

1986

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Juan Ramírez Montero PSOE 10,96947.82
• Rafael Stinga González AEL 9,47141.29
• José Hernández Álvarez ICU 1,1234.90
• Eduardo Barreto Betancor AC–INC 6182.69
• Fernando Cabrera Díaz PRD 2821.23
• Montserrat Casale Salas UCE 870.38
Blank ballots 3871.69
Total 22,937
Valid votes 22,93795.29
Invalid votes 1,1344.71
Votes cast / turnout 24,07160.80
Abstentions 15,52139.20
Registered voters 39,592
Sources[22][32]

1982

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check José Ramírez Cerdá PSOE 8,58237.41
• Antonio Cabrera Barrera UCD 6,35927.72
• José Diaz Rijo CDS 3,72416.23
• José Ferrer Perdomo AP–PDP 1,8648.13
• José Domingo Hernández Álvarez AC–CC 1,1665.08
• Jesús María Curbelo Fernández UPC 6862.99
• Carlos Alberto Henríquez Gaztañondo PNC 2240.98
Blank ballots 3341.46
Total 22,938
Valid votes 22,93895.89
Invalid votes 9834.11
Votes cast / turnout 23,92179.63
Abstentions 6,11920.37
Registered voters 30,040
Sources[22][33][34]

1979

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Rafael Stinga González UCD 9,01247.08
• Manuel Medina Ortega PSOE 6,67634.87
• Fernando Domingo Curbelo Fernández INDEP 1,6988.87
• Antonio Félix Martín Hormiga UPC 9174.79
• Manuel González Barrera PCE 5532.89
• Eufronio Dimas García Monforte CD 1400.73
Blank ballots 1470.77
Total 19,143
Valid votes 19,14396.63
Invalid votes 6683.37
Votes cast / turnout 19,81165.94
Abstentions 10,23434.06
Registered voters 30,045
Sources[22][35]

1977

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results in Lanzarote
Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote
Votes %
check Rafael Stinga González UCD 11,88463.08
• Manuel Medina Ortega PSP–US 3,52718.72
• José María Espino González PSOE 2,57013.64
• Lorenzo González Domínguez AP 7153.80
Blank ballots 1430.76
Total 18,839
Valid votes 18,83998.29
Invalid votes 3281.71
Votes cast / turnout 19,16775.56
Abstentions 6,19824.44
Registered voters 25,365
Sources[22][36]

Notes

  1. ↑ La Gomera and El Hierro comprised a single constituency for the 1977 election. A constitutional reform in 2026 awarded Formentera an independent senator separate from Ibiza.[12][13]

References

  1. ↑ "Real Decreto 1210/2024, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2024". Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), trans. prov. 1.
  3. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  4. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 141.
  5. ↑ LOREG (1985), arts. 2–3.
  6. ↑ Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), art. 2.
  7. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
  8. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 75.
  9. ↑ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  11. ↑ Marcos, José (18 October 2018). "El Congreso reconoce el derecho a votar de 100.000 discapacitados intelectuales". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  12. ↑ "The Congress gives the green light to the constitutional reform that grants Formentera its own senator". Demócrata. Agencias. 26 March 2026. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  13. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
  14. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69; Law 1/1977 (1977), art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 19 & 21 LOREG (1985), arts. 162 & 165–166.
  15. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1083.
  16. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 20 & 29–30; LOREG (1985), arts. 46, 48, 166 & 170–171.
  17. ↑ Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 (1977), arts. 30–31 & 34; LOREG (1985), arts. 44 & 169.
  18. ↑ LOREG (1985), art. 44 bis.
  19. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. 2023". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  20. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2019. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  21. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. April 2019. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Electoral Information System in the Canary Islands". www.gobiernodecanarias.org (in Spanish). Canarian Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  23. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 2016. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  24. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. December 2015. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  25. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. November 2011. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  26. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2008. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  27. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2004. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  28. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 2000. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  29. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1996. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  30. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1993. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  31. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1989. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  32. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1986. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  33. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. October 1982. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  34. ↑ "Proclaimed candidacies for the Congress of Deputies and Senate elections called by Royal-decree 2057/1982, of 27 August" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Central Electoral Commission. 2 October 1982. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  35. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. March 1979. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.
  36. ↑ "Electoral Results Consultation. Senate. June 1977. Lanzarote". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2019.

Bibliography

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