Voiced retroflex lateral affricate

Voiced retroflex lateral affricate
ɖ𝼅
ɖɭ˔
d𝼅
dɭ˔
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A voiced retroflex lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɖ͡ɭ˔⟩.

Features

Features of a voiced retroflex lateral affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
• Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bhadarwahi	Bhalesi, Bhadrawahi dialects	haiḍḷ	[haiɖ͡ɭ˔]	"turmeric"	From old /Cr/ clusters. Contrasts /ʈ͡ꞎ ɖ͡ɭ˔ ɖ͡ɭ˔ʱ/