1922 Philippine legislative election

1922 Philippine legislative election
June 6, 1922
11 of the 24 seats in the Philippine Senate
  First party Second party
 
Leader Manuel L. Quezon Sergio Osmeña
Party Nacionalista–Colectivista Nacionalista–Unipersonalista
Leader's seat 5th District 10th District
Seats won 5 3
Seats after 12 6
Election results; each district sent in two seats to the Senate.
Senate President before election

Manuel L. Quezon
Nacionalista–Colectivista

 Elected Senate President

Manuel L. Quezon
Nacionalista–Colectivista

All 93 seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines
47 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Manuel Roxas Mariano Jesús Cuenco Claro M. Recto
Party Nacionalista–Colectivista Nacionalista–Unipersonalista Democrata
Leader's seat Capiz–1st Cebu–5th Batangas–3rd
Seats won 35 29 26
Seat change Decrease 48 Decrease 54 Increase 22
Speaker before election

Sergio Osmeña
Nacionalista Unipersonalista

 Elected Speaker

Manuel Roxas
Nacionalista Colectivista

Elections to the Philippine Legislature were held on June 6, 1922 pursuant to the Jones Law of 1916 which prescribed elections for every three years. Votes elected 90 members of the House of Representatives in the Philippine House of Representatives elections; and 11 out of 24 members of the Senate in the Philippine Senate elections.

Background

With Senate President Manuel Quezon and House Speaker Sergio Osmeña battled for their ambition and power, it resulted on a leadership crisis, which divides their co-founded party, Nacionalista into Collectivista (Pro-Quezon) vs Unipersonalista (Pro-Osmeña).[1] Quezon stated that Osmeña "lead like a dictator", which the former said should not be tolerated.[2] Also, Quezon campaigned for a "collective leadership".[3]

Senators and representatives did separate meetings on December 16, 1921. Osmeña left his post from House speakership to gain support from colleagues. Two days later, Osmeña got the support by passing a resolution from representatives backed to support him. He also stated that he's "the de facto leader of the ruling party in government at present", which Quezon strengthen his "dictatorial leadership" narrative against Osmeña.[4]

Governor General Leonard Wood attempted to reconcile the two, which creating a special council. But, due to its membership dominated by Unipersonalitas, Quezon resigned as Senate President on January 10, 1922. Osmeña begged Quezon to withdraw his resignation but Quezon refused. Osmeña then resigned as Nacionalista leader due to the severity of the leadership crisis.[5][6]

Quezon also groomed Capiz Representative Manuel Roxas to topple Osmeña for speakership.[7]

Even though Osmeña successfully campaigned for a Senate seat (5th district) which includes his hometown Cebu,[8] Quezon managed to retain his Senate presidency, with Roxas snatched House speakership against Unipersonalista's Mariano Cuenco.[9]

Results

Senate election results

12 6 6
Colectivista Democrata Unipersonalista
PartySeats
UpBeforeWonAfter+/−
Nacionalista[a]1020818−2
Democrata0134+3
Progresista1100−1
Appointed[b]02020
Total112411240
  1. ↑ The Nacionalista Party won 8 seats: 5 seats under the Colectivistas and 3 seats under the Unipersonalistas. Following the election, the Nacionalista Party has a total of 18 seats: 12 seats under the Colectivistas and 6 seats under the Unipersonalistas.
  2. ↑ At the time of the election, the two appointed senators were from Democrata.

House election results

35 29 26 3
Nacionalista Colectivista Nacionalista Unipersonalista Democrata I.
PartySeats+/–
Nacionalista Colectivista35New
Nacionalista Unipersonalista29New
Democrata Party26+22
Independent30
Total93+3

The election's results is featured on 2025 movie Quezon.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Philippine Electoral Almanac Revised And Expanded". Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  2. ↑ Gripaldo 1991, p. 169.
  3. ↑ Gripaldo 1991, p. 170.
  4. ↑ University, H. W. Brands Professor of History Texas A. & M. (1992-09-17). Bound to Empire : The United States and the Philippines: The United States and the Philippines. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-987437-8.
  5. ↑ Gripaldo 1991, p. 174.
  6. ↑ McCoy, Alfred W. (1985). Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era, 1900-1941. Vera-Reyes. ISBN 978-971-15-1002-2.
  7. ↑ Retizos, Isidro L.; Soriano, D. H. (1957). Philippines Who's who. Capitol Publishing House.
  8. ↑ Jimenez, Atty. Josephus B. (August 19, 2022). "Remembering presidents Quezon and Osmeña". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2026-06-17.
  9. ↑ Retizos, Isidro L.; Soriano, D. H. (1957). Philippines Who's who. Capitol Publishing House.

Sources


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