RGB 1745+398

RGB 1745+398
Pan-STARRS image of RGB 1745+398
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationHercules
Right ascension17h 45m 37.76s[1]
Declination+39° 51′ 30.72″[1]
Redshift0.267000[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity80,045 ± 0 km/s[1]
Distance3,859.8 ± 270.2 Mly (1,183.42 ± 82.84 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)16.11[1]
magnitude (J)14.45[1]
Characteristics
TypeBLLAC[1]
Size~466,000 ly (142.9 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
B3 1743+39C, 2MASX J17453776+3951309, 5BZG J1745+3951, NVSS J174537+395131, RX J1745.5+3951, RX 1745.5+3951:[GEE2017] BCG, TXS 1743+398,[1] LEDA 3889306

RGB 1745+398 is a BL Lacertae object[2] located in the constellation of Hercules. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.267[1] and it was first discovered in 1997 by astronomers who categorized it as a gravitationally lensed galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN).[3]

Description

RGB 1745+398 contains a gravitational-lensed arc structure that surrounds it. The arc has a length of around 15 arcseconds and is positioned in the southeast direction. The arc is also further resolved into smaller subcomponents with the entire optical spectrum displaying emission lines. Based on the presence of emission lines the arc is estimated to have a redshift of (z) 0.58.[3] The host of RGB 1745+398 itself, is an elliptical galaxy residing as the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of a massive rich galaxy cluster.[4][5][6] The central supermassive black hole of the galaxy is estimated to be 9.26 M☉ and the disk luminosity is around 43.90 erg s−1.[7][8]

The nucleus of RGB 1745+398 is active with a radio source present. The radio structure is highly distorted based on Very Large Array (VLA) radio imaging with a resolved radio core and a radio jet emerging out from it. This jet has a position angle of -28° and bends toward the west. Another jet is also seen emerging from the core with a position angle of 105°, then subsequently bending towards southeast. The two jets in total display sharp bends.[9]

Radio imaging made by the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) suggested there is a component emerging out from the core in a southern direction.[9] Observations made by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) also show the galaxy is a lobe-dominated source with a wide-angle tail morphology and the same bent jets in both directions. The radio spectrum is steep.[10]

A study also found the presence of X-ray emission. The emission is described as extended and mainly concentrated near the arc structure. The galaxy itself is categorized as a radio-loud AGN but is also a low-luminosity X-ray object leading to its classification as a low energy peaked BL Lacertae object.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "NED Search results for RGB 1745+398". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-04-30.
  2. ↑ Albert, A.; Alvarez, C.; Angeles Camacho, J. R.; Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.; Arunbabu, K. P.; Avila Rojas, D.; Ayala Solares, H. A.; Baghmanyan, V.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; BenZvi, S. Y.; Brisbois, C.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Capistrán, T.; Carramiñana, A.; Casanova, S. (February 2021). "A Survey of Active Galaxies at TeV Photon Energies with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory". The Astrophysical Journal. 907 (2): 67. arXiv:2009.09039. Bibcode:2021ApJ...907...67A. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abca9a. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. 1 2 Heidt, J.; Wagner, S. J.; Sillanpää, A.; Takalo, L. O.; Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Jäger, K.; Brinkmann, K. (1997). "RXJ 1745+398: detection of the first AGN acting as a gravitational lense". Astronomische Gesellschaft Abstract Series. 13: 68. Bibcode:1997AGAb...13...68H.
  4. ↑ Nilsson, K.; Pursimo, T.; Heidt, J.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A.; Brinkmann, W. (March 2003). "R-band imaging of the host galaxies of RGB BL Lacertae objects" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 400: 95–118. Bibcode:2003A&A...400...95N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021861. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ↑ Nilsson, K.; Takalo, L. O.; Pursimo, T.; Sillanpää, A.; Heidt, J.; Wagner, S. J.; Laurent-Muehleisen, S. A.; Brinkmann, W. (March 1999). "Discovery of a blue arc near the BL Lacertae object RGB 1745+398". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 343: 81–85. Bibcode:1999A&A...343...81N. ISSN 0004-6361.
  6. ↑ Lietzen, H.; Nilsson, K.; Takalo, L. O.; Heinämäki, P.; Nurmi, P.; Keinänen, P.; Wagner, S. (2008-05-01). "Clustering environment of BL Lacertae object RGB 1745+398" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 482 (3): 771–775. arXiv:0804.0502. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..771L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078056. ISSN 0004-6361.
  7. ↑ Wu, Zhong-Zu; Gu, Min-Feng; Jiang, Dong-Rong (February 2009). "The debeamed luminosity, sychrotron peak frequency and black hole mass of BL Lac objects". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 9 (2): 168–178. arXiv:0804.1180. Bibcode:2009RAA.....9..168W. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/9/2/006. ISSN 1674-4527.
  8. ↑ Yongyun, Chen; Qiusheng, Gu; Junhui, Fan; Xiaoling, Yu; Nan, Ding; Xiaotong, Guo; Dingrong, Xiong (2023-08-30), "Jet power extracted from ADAFs and the application to Fermi BL Lacertae objects", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 526 (3): 4079, arXiv:2308.15707, Bibcode:2023MNRAS.526.4079C, doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2623, retrieved 2026-04-30
  9. 1 2 Rector, Travis A.; Gabuzda, Denise C.; Stocke, John T. (March 2003). "The Radio Structure of High-Energy–Peaked BL Lacertae Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1060–1072. arXiv:astro-ph/0302397. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1060R. doi:10.1086/367802. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ↑ Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Saikia, D. J.; Domínguez, Alberto; Stalin, C. S. (2024-11-01). "Radio Morphology of Gamma-Ray Sources: Double-lobed Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 976 (1): 120. arXiv:2410.10192. Bibcode:2024ApJ...976..120P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad85e2. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ↑ Gliozzi, M.; Brinkmann, W.; Laurent-Muehleisen, S. A.; Takalo, L. O.; Sillanpää, A. (December 1999). "ROSAT HRI observations of radio-loud AGN". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352: 437–442. arXiv:astro-ph/9911055. Bibcode:1999A&A...352..437G. ISSN 0004-6361.
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