Pujiayuemo
| Pujiayuemo 蒲伽越摩 | |
|---|---|
| King of Qian | |
| King of Kamalanka | |
| Reign | by 656 – c. 665[a][1]: 133 |
| Predecessor | Pu xie qi yao |
| Successor | Anuruddha |
| King of Qiān Zhī Fú | |
| Reign | c. 665[a] |
| Predecessor | Ramaraja? |
| Successor | Rajadhiraj |
Pujiayuemo (Chinese: 蒲伽越摩) is recorded in the Chinese leishu Cefu Yuangui and in the New Book of Tang as a ruler of the polity known as Gē Luó Shě Fēn (哥罗舍分). He is named in the entry for the fifth month of 665, which records the arrival of a group of missions from the South Seas; the same entry states that the envoy sent in his name had set out in 656 and reached China only nine years later, so that the two dates mark the span of one journey rather than the length of a reign.[a][2]: 23 [1]: 133 Tatsuo Hoshino identifies that polity as an expanded Qiān Zhī Fú and its ruling house as Siamese.[3]: 32–4
Name
Gē Luó Shě Fēn is generally taken to be a corrupted transcription of Jiā Luó Shě Fú (迦逻舍佛), interpreted as Canasapura, a polity centred at Si Thep with Mueang Sema as an important eastern centre.[3]: 38–9 The king's own name is known only in its Chinese transcription, and the transcription is not stable across the sources: alongside 蒲伽越摩 the form 满越伽摩 (Man Yue Jia Mo) is recorded, in which the first character differs and the order of the following two is reversed.[4]: 51 No corresponding form has been established in the local vernaculars. The Nakhon Pathom seat over which he is held to have extended his authority appears in the epigraphic record under yet another name, Sambuka, identified by several scholars with Nakhon Pathom,[5]: 24–25, 30 whose king is mentioned without being named in the Lopburi inscription K.577 of about the 8th–9th century.[6][7]: 68–69, 72
Reign and territory
His reign is understood as a period of territorial expansion taking in Si Thep, associated with Qiān Zhī Fú, and the western Menam valleys, a region previously under Dvaravati control. The Cefu Yuangui places Gē Luó Shě Fēn in the southern part of the South Seas and connected on its eastern side with Duoheluo, that is Dvaravati, which puts it to the west of that polity,[3]: 38–9 [1]: 133 and the expansion appears to have confined Dvaravati political power to the eastern Chao Phraya basin, where authority was concentrated at Lavapura of Lavo. The polity is credited with a force of some 20,000 elite soldiers.[3]: 42
Relations with neighbouring polities
Gē Luó Shě Fēn is described as maintaining close relations with Xiū Luó Fēn, credited with 20,000 to 30,000 troops,[b] and with Gān Bì, whose strength is given as only 5,000,[8] which suggests wider networks of alliance or tributary interaction in the region.[3]: 42 In 665 the three are recorded as having sent embassies together to the Chinese court under the Tang,[8] arriving in the fifth month of that year alongside missions from Yufo, Mola and Sanpu.[1]: 133
Notes
- 1 2 3 The Cefu Yuangui records under the fifth month of 665 that the envoy of Gē Luó Shě Fēn began his journey in 656 and arrived in China in 665. The figures therefore describe the duration of the embassy, and neither the beginning nor the end of the king's reign is known.[1]: 133
- ↑ The Cefu Yuangui records that Xiū Luó Fēn possessed 30,000 elite troops,[2]: 22 whereas the New Book of Tang reports a lower figure of 20,000 soldiers.[8] Cefu Yuangui: 修罗分国，居于南海之北，以木栅为城，东至真腊国，南至海。其王名尸达摩提婆，精兵三万余人。 New Book of Tang: ...二國勝兵二萬，甘畢才五千。 The English rendering of the Cefu Yuangui entry published by Lin Ying and Huang Jiaxin gives 20,000 for Xiū Luó Fēn, agreeing with the New Book of Tang against the Chinese text quoted here.[1]: 133
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Anna Bennett; Hunter Watson, eds. (2019). Defining Dvāravatī: Essays from the U Thong International Workshop 2017 (PDF). Distributed by Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai. DASTA and BIA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2026.
- 1 2 "钦定四库全书: 册府元龟卷九百五十七宋王钦若等撰". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese).
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hoshino, T (2002). "Wen Dan and its neighbors: the central Mekong Valley in the seventh and eighth centuries.". In M. Ngaosrivathana; K. Breazeale (eds.). Breaking New Ground in Lao History: Essays on the Seventh to Twentieth Centuries. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. pp. 25–72.
- ↑ Supakarn Siripaisal; Phiphu Butsabok (September 2018). การแปลและศึกษาเอกสารจีนโบราณเกี่ยวกับไทยในบริบทของเส้นทางสายไหม [The Translation into Thai and Study of Ancient Chinese Records Relating to Thailand in Connection with the Maritime Silk Road] (PDF) (Report) (in Thai). Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre. Retrieved 25 August 2026.
- ↑ Dejdanai Supasilapalert (2003). "Cultural Landscape of Khmer Cities During Bayon Period in Lower Central and Western Thailand" (PDF). Silpakorn University (in Thai). Retrieved 18 July 2025.
- ↑ "จารึกฐานพระพุทธรูปยืนวัดมหาธาตุเมืองลพบุรี" [Inscription on the base of the standing Buddha statue at Wat Mahathat, Lopburi Province]. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (in Thai). 13 February 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
- ↑ Anna Bennett; Hunter Watson, eds. (2019). Defining Dvāravatī: Essays from the U Thong International Workshop 2017 (PDF). Distributed by Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai. DASTA and BIA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2026.
- 1 2 3 New Book of Tang, Volume 222