Portal:Vietnam



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Location of Vietnam in Indochina
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of Mainland Southeast Asia. With an area of about 331,000 square kilometres and a population of over 102 million, it is the world's 16th-most populous country. One of two communist states in Southeast Asia, Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west; it lies along the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest and the South China Sea to the east, where it has shared and disputed maritime borders with other countries. Its capital is Hanoi, while its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City.

Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty annexed northern and central Vietnam, which were subsequently under Chinese rule from 111 BC until the first dynasty emerged in 939. Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta, conquering Champa. During most of the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was effectively divided into two domains, Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài. The Nguyễn—the last imperial dynasty—surrendered to France in 1883. In 1887, its territory was integrated into French Indochina as three separate regions. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the communist-led Viet Minh coalition front launched the August Revolution and declared Vietnam's independence from the Empire of Japan in 1945.

Vietnam went through prolonged warfare in the 20th century. After World War II, France returned to reassert colonial control in the First Indochina War, but was defeated in 1954 amid the global Cold War. As a result of the accords signed between the Viet Minh and France, Vietnam was also separated into two parts. The Vietnam War later broke out between the communist North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union and China, and the anti-communist South Vietnam, supported by the United States. Upon the North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Vietnam reunified as a communist state that self-designated as a socialist state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in 1976.

An ineffective planned economy, a trade embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled the country further. In 1986, the CPV launched economic and political reforms similar to the Chinese economic reforms, transforming the country to a socialist-oriented market economy. The reforms facilitated Vietnamese reintegration into the global economy and politics. Vietnam is a developing country with an upper-middle–income economy. It has high levels of corruption, censorship, environmental issues, and a poor human rights record. It is part of international and intergovernmental institutions, including the ASEAN, the APEC, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OIF, and the WTO. It has assumed a seat on the United Nations Security Council twice. (Full article...)

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The modernization of Ho Chi Minh City, one achievement of the Đổi Mới policy

Đổi Mới (IPA: [ɗo᷉i mɤ̂ːi]; transl. "renovation" or "innovation") is the name given to the economic reforms process of Vietnam since late 1986 with the goal of creating a "socialist-oriented market economy". The term đổi mới itself is a general term with wide use in the Vietnamese language meaning "innovate" or "renovate". However, the Đổi Mới Policy (Chính sách Đổi Mới) refers specifically to the reforms that sought to transition Vietnam from a command economy of the subsidy period to a socialist-oriented market economy. The economic reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev partially inspired the Vietnamese government. However, unlike the Soviet Union but like China, the communist rulers in Vietnam refused political reform.

The Đổi Mới economic reforms were initiated by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in December 1986 during the party's 6th National Congress. Vietnam learned from China's reform experience but with more conservative level. These reforms introduced a greater role for market forces for the coordination of economic activity between enterprises and government agencies and allowed for private ownership of small enterprises and the creation of a stock exchange for both state and non-state enterprises. (Full article...)

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Did you know -

Entries are auto-generated

  • ... that the township of Hồ Xá in Vietnam was once known as the "B-52 bomb pocket"?
  • ... that Vietnamese writer Phạm Đoan Trang asked for permission to keep her guitar while in jail?
  • ... that Lài dogs were instrumental in the Vietnamese Lam Sơn uprising against Ming China in 1418–1428?

General images -

The following are images from various Vietnam-related articles on Wikipedia.

Vietnam News

28 July 2026 –
Three more people are rescued from the Vietnamese cargo ship Khoi Nguyen 18 that sank on Saturday. Fourteen others remain missing with a multinational search still underway. (AFP via The Canadian Press) (South China Morning Post)
26 July 2026 –
Vietnamese cargo ship Khoi Nguyen 18 sinks in the South China Sea along the Vietnamese coast. Forty-five people are rescued while 17 more are still missing. (Reuters)
21 July 2026 –
In Vietnam, a fire on a bus travelling from Lâm Đồng province to Ho Chi Minh City kills seven passengers and injures five others. (Reuters)
18 July 2026 –
Five people are killed and two others are injured in a workplace accident in Thanh Hóa province, Vietnam. (Xinhua)
Four people are killed, four more are missing, and seven others are injured after torrential rains and flash floods hit a mountainous village in Lai Châu province, Vietnam. (AA)

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