Portal:Lithuania

Welcome to the Lithuania Portal — Sveiki atvykę į Lietuvos Portalą

Coat of Arms of Lithuania

Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Lithuania covers an area of 65,300 km2 (25,200 sq mi), and has a population of 2.9 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities include Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Panevėžys. Lithuanians are the titular nation, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of Balts, and speak Lithuanian.

For millennia, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united for the first time by Mindaugas, who formed the Kingdom of Lithuania on 6 July 1253. Subsequent expansion and consolidation resulted in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which by the 14th century was the largest country in Europe. In 1386, the grand duchy entered into a de facto personal union with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The two realms were united into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, forming one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. The commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries gradually dismantled it between 1772 and 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.

Towards the end of World War I, Lithuania declared independence in 1918, founding the modern Republic of Lithuania. In World War II, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union, then by Nazi Germany, before being reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944. Lithuanian armed resistance to the Soviet occupation lasted until the early 1950s. On 11 March 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away when it proclaimed the restoration of its independence. (Full article...)

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The Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights (Lithuanian: Okupacijų ir laisvės kovų muziejus) in Vilnius is dedicated to showing artifacts and records from the 50-year Soviet occupation of Lithuania. (Full article...)

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Public holidays in Lithuania
DateEnglish nameLocal nameRemarks
1 JanuaryNew Year's DayNaujųjų metų diena 
16 FebruaryDay of Restoration of the State of Lithuania (1918)Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo diena 
11 MarchDay of Restoration of Independence of Lithuania (1990)Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo diena 
Moveable SundayEaster SundayVelykosCommemorates resurrection of Jesus. The first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or soonest after 21 March.
The day after Easter SundayEaster MondayAntroji Velykų diena 
1 MayInternational Workers' DayTarptautinė darbo diena 
First Sunday in MayMother's DayMotinos diena 
First Sunday in JuneFather's DayTėvo diena 
24 JuneSt. John's Day / Day of DewJoninės / RasosCelebrated according to mostly pagan traditions (Midsummer Day, Saint Jonas Day).
6 JulyStatehood DayValstybės (Lietuvos karaliaus Mindaugo karūnavimo) ir Tautiškos giesmės dienaCelebrates the 1253 coronation of Mindaugas, the first King of Lithuania, and the national anthem of Lithuania.
15 AugustAssumption DayŽolinė (Švenčiausios Mergelės Marijos ėmimo į dangų diena)Also marked according to pagan traditions, celebrating the goddess Žemyna and noting the mid-August as the middle between summer and autumn.
1 NovemberAll Saints' DayVisų šventųjų dienaHalloween is increasingly popular and is also informally celebrated on the eve (31 October).
2 NovemberAll Souls' DayMirusiųjų atminimo (Vėlinių) diena 
24 DecemberChristmas EveKūčios 
25 and 26 DecemberChristmasKalėdosCommemorates birth of Jesus.

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