Portal:Finland

The Finland Portal

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. Finland has a population of 5.7 million. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the mother tongues of 83.5 percent and 5.0 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. Its land is predominantly covered by boreal forest, with over 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of Sweden following the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and an independence movement gradually developed. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Artic tram on Kaivokatu in 2019

Trams in Helsinki form part of the public transport system organised by Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and operated by Metropolitan Area Transport (Finnish: Pääkaupunkiseudun Kaupunkiliikenne Oy, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionens Stadstrafik Ab) in Finland's capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport in the city center, and 56.8 million trips were made on the system in 2019. In addition to the older tram network, there is a single light rail line that was opened in October 2023. Although technically compatible with the tram network, the light rail line is separate from the city center tram network. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Selected image -

Helsinki Cathedral

Photograph credit: Joaquim Alves Gaspar

Helsinki Cathedral is an Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki, located in the centre of Helsinki, Finland. Designed by Carl Ludvig Engel to form the focal point of Senate Square, it was built from 1830 to 1852 in the Neoclassical style. The church's plan forms a Greek cross (a square centre and four equilateral arms), symmetrical in each of the four cardinal directions. The cathedral is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Helsinki, with more than half a million visitors in 2018.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that a book about a Finnish Santa figure sold particularly well in Germany and Japan?
... that Finnish-American model Selene Mahri married three millionaires and is credited with inventing the saying "Marriage is a question of give and take. You give. I take"?
... that Sodankylä Old Church is one of the oldest preserved wooden churches in Finland?
... that Finland won its first Olympic ice hockey medal under the leadership of Kai Hietarinta?
... that the Grand Prix of Finland was held again in 2022 after Russia was banned from hosting international figure skating competitions?
... that Kaija Saariaho's 2021 opera Innocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know -

...that the Finnish Communist leader Arvo Tuominen broke with the Soviet Union during the Winter War and ordered the Finnish Communists not to assist the Red Army?
...that mobile phone throwing is an international sport in which thrown mobile phones are judged by the distance and choreographics of the throw?
...that the self-taught weapon designer Aimo Lahti designed over 50 weapons of all types prior to and during World War II, including the successful Suomi M-31?
...that Norse sagas record some Finnish campaigns against Sweden in the mid-8th century?
...that Larin Paraske, a Finnish oral poet, could recite over 32,000 verses of poetry?

Good article -

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Finnish soldiers raise the war flag at the three-country cairn between Norway, Sweden, and Finland on 27 April 1945, the end of World War II in Finland

Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn is a historic photograph taken on 27 April 1945, which was the last day of the Second World War in Finland. It depicts a Finnish Army patrol of Battle Group Loimu, Infantry Regiment 1 (Finnish: taisteluosasto Loimu, jalkaväkirykmentti 1), raising the Finnish war flag on the three-country cairn between Norway, Sweden, and Finland. As the cairn marked the westernmost point on the Finnish mainland, this symbolized that the last German troops were gone from Finland. The photograph was taken by the commander of Infantry Regiment 1, Colonel Väinö Oinonen (alternatively V. J. Oinonen). It became a widely circulated symbol of the end of World War II in Finland. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 2The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 3Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 4Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 6Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 7The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 8Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 9A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 10Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 11Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 12Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 132007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 14Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 15Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 16In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 17The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 18Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 19Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 20A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 21Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 22Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 23Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 24Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 25This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 26A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 28Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
Image 29The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 30Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 31Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 32Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 33A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 34Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 35The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 36Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 37Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 38The public education system founded during earlier Swedish rule resulted the literacy of Grand Duchy of Finland being higher than its host country Russian Empire (map of 1897 census literacy data) (from History of Finland)
Image 39The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 40A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 41Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 42Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 43Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 44Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 45Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 46Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 47Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 48Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 49The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 50President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)

In the news

31 July 2026 – Morocco–Spain relations: Austrian chancellor Christian Stocker and Finnish interior minister Mari Rantanen join Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni in calling for Spain to be suspended from the Schengen Area in response to the mass arrival of migrants in Ceuta over the last 24 hours. (AA)
8 June 2026 – Human trafficking in Finland: A Finnish court sentences former Polarica chief executive Jukka Kristo to two and a half years' imprisonment for human trafficking after finding that dozens of Thai berry pickers were subjected to forced labour and exploitative working conditions in Finland. (AFP via CNA)
29 April 2026 –: Finnish elevator manufacturer Kone announces the acquisition of its German competitor, TK Elevator, in a €29.4 billion (US$34.4 billion) deal, described by Bloomberg L.P. as one of Europe's largest private equity-related takeovers and the largest corporate acquisition in Finland. (AFP via Barron's) (Bloomberg)
29 March 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war: Several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are detected across southeastern Finland. One of the UAVs is identified as Ukrainian after it crashes near Kouvola. (Yle)

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View of Lake Pielinen in Koli National Park

Panorama of Lake Pielinen from a hill in Koli National Park, Finland

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Featured pictures

Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Omakuva Ellen Thesleff 1894-1895 Ateneum
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
The Wounded Angel - Hugo Simberg
Tove Jansson 1956
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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Picture of the day pictures

Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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