Hong Myung-bo

Hong Myung-bo
Hong in 2013
Personal information
Date of birth (1969-02-12) 12 February 1969
Place of birth Seoul, South Korea
Height 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)
Position Sweeper
Youth career
1981–1983[1] Kwanghee Middle School
1984–1986[1] Dongbuk High School
College career
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1987–1990 Korea University
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1991 Sangmu FC (draft)
1992–1997 Pohang Steelers 110 (14)
1997–1998 Bellmare Hiratsuka 42 (0)
1999–2001 Kashiwa Reysol 72 (7)
2002 Pohang Steelers 19 (0)
2003–2004 LA Galaxy 38 (0)
Total 281 (21)
International career
2000 South Korea U23 1[α] (0)
1991 South Korea B
1990–2002 South Korea 136 (10)
Managerial career
2009 South Korea U20
2009–2012 South Korea U23
2013–2014 South Korea
2015–2017 Hangzhou Greentown
2020–2024 Ulsan HD
2024–2026 South Korea
Medal record
Men's football
Representing  South Korea (as player)
Summer Universiade
Gold medal – first place1991 Sheffield[2]
Asian Games
Bronze medal – third place1990 Beijing
AFC Asian Cup
Bronze medal – third place2000 Lebanon
Representing  South Korea (as manager)
Olympic Games
Bronze medal – third place2012 London
Asian Games
Bronze medal – third place2010 Guangzhou
EAFF Championship
Runner-up2025 South Korea
Bronze medal – third place2013 South Korea
* Club domestic league appearances and goals
Hong Myung-bo
Hangul
홍명보
Hanja
洪明甫
RRHong Myeongbo
MRHong Myŏngbo

Hong Myung-bo (Korean: 홍명보, Hanja: 洪明甫; Korean: [hoŋmjʌŋbo]; born 12 February 1969) is a former South Korean football manager and former footballer who played as a sweeper. He was most recently the head coach of the South Korea national football team.[3]

He participated at four consecutive FIFA World Cups between 1990 and 2002, becoming the first Asian player to do so. He also received the Bronze Ball at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, becoming the first Asian to receive an individual award at the World Cup.[4] He received some votes in elections for the FIFA World Player of the Year, finishing 21st in 1996 and 17th in 2002.[5][6] In 2004, he was selected for the FIFA 100 by Pelé.[7]

International career

1990 World Cup

Hong was selected for the South Korea national team for the 1990 FIFA World Cup just four months after his international debut.[8] The youngest player at the team, he was one of the few South Koreans to be acclaimed, while they lost all three group stage matches.[9][10]

1994 World Cup

Hong was selected for the South Korea Universiade team for the 1991 tournament.[2] He stabilised his team's defense, helping them advance to the final.[11] After a goalless draw with the Netherlands in the final, he scored his team's first penalty in a 5–4 penalty shoot-out win, contributing to winning the tournament.[12]

Hong's talent started to receive attention internationally at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. During the last five minutes of South Korea's opener against Spain, he converted opponents' 2–0 lead into a 2–2 draw by scoring a goal outside the penalty area and providing an assist for Seo Jung-won's equaliser.[13] He once again scored a long-range goal in a 3–2 defeat to defending champions Germany.[14][15]

1998 World Cup

Hong participated at the 1994 Asian Games after the World Cup, but he injured his knee during a quarter-final match against Japan.[16] South Korea lost to Uzbekistan in the semi-finals after he quit the competition.

While Park Jong-hwan managed South Korea from 1995 to 1996, Hong was suspected of being in conflict with Park, who had a coercive disposition. The press reported that Hong formed a faction at the national team,[17] and doubted whether Hong did his best at the 1996 AFC Asian Cup, where South Korea was eliminated after a 6–2 quarter-final defeat to Iran.[18]

Under Cha Bum-kun, the next manager, South Korea had one draw and two defeats including a 5–0 defeat to the Netherlands in the group stage of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Hong and his teammates conceded nine goals in three matches.[19]

2002 World Cup

Hong was going to be selected as an overage player of the South Korea under-23 team for the 2000 Summer Olympics, but he was injured just before the tournament.[20]

At the 2000 AFC Asian Cup, where South Korea finished third, Hong captained the national team, and was selected for the All-Star Team.

Hong led South Korea to a historic fourth-place finish at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He commanded South Korea's defensive line, which conceded only three goals until the semi-finals, and scored the final penalty to secure a 5–3 shoot-out win in a quarter-final match against Spain. Despite his error in the third place match against Turkey, which was followed by the fastest goal in World Cup history,[21] the Technical Study Group voted him as the third best player of the tournament, giving the Bronze Ball to him. He became the first-ever Asian player to be named one of the top three players at a World Cup.[4]

That year, Hong ended his international career after a friendly match against World Cup champions Brazil. He was South Korea's all-time leader in appearances with 136 caps at the time,[22] and his record was broken by Son Heung-min in 2025.[23]

Style of play

Hong did not have rapid pace, untiring stamina or outstanding ability in man-to-man defense, but he possessed a wide field of vision as well as great leadership skills with which he marshalled his defensive partners.[24][25][26] An offensive sweeper, he was noted for his accurate long-range passing skills which greatly contributed to South Korea's attack.[27] He was nicknamed the "Eternal Libero" by the South Korean media, and became a preeminent icon of South Korean football during his era.[28]

Managerial career

South Korea

On 26 September 2005, after his retirement as a player, Hong returned to the national team as an assistant coach. He took part in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, helping manager Dick Advocaat. He also worked with the next manager Pim Verbeek at the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. After Verbeek's resignation, he was one of the candidates to become the next manager.

On 19 February 2009, the Korea Football Association (KFA) announced that they had appointed Hong as the manager of the South Korea under-20 team. At the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, the team reached the quarter-finals under his guidance, but lost 3–2 to eventual champions Ghana in the quarter-finals.

In October 2009, he took over duties as a manager of the South Korea under-23 team. He won bronze at both the 2010 Asian Games and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He achieved South Korea's first-ever Olympic medal in football, also known as Asia's second.[29]

After working as assistant coach to Guus Hiddink at Russian Premier League club Anzhi Makhachkala for half a year, on 24 June 2013, Hong was appointed South Korea's manager. His predecessor Choi Kang-hee resigned voluntarily at the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, and he started to prepare the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which was going to be held after a year.[30] After a winless World Cup campaign, on 10 July 2014, he resigned from his post.[31]

Hangzhou Greentown

On 17 December 2015, Hong was appointed manager of Chinese Super League club Hangzhou Greentown. In his first match on 6 March 2016, he guided the club to a 2–1 win over Changchun Yatai. However, his team was relegated to the China League One after the 2016 season. The next year, he resigned from the club and criticised the club's owner for interfering in tactics and selection of players.[32]

Ulsan Hyundai

On 24 December 2020, Hong became the manager of K League 1 club Ulsan Hyundai.[33] He led Ulsan to win two consecutive league titles in 2022 and 2023.[31]

Return to South Korea

On 8 July 2024, Hong was controversially reappointed as South Korea's manager.[31] KFA president Chung Mong-gyu, who preferred foreign managers to domestic managers, attempted to interfere in the selection process, but Hong's appointment was supported by executives and committeemen, much to the surprise and dismay of fans.[34] He guided South Korea into qualifying for the 2026 FIFA World Cup without a loss in the qualifiers, but produced inconsistent results in friendlies against World Cup participants prior to the tournament.[35]

At the 2026 World Cup, South Korea produced a comeback win against Czech Republic 2–1, their first opening game win at the World Cup since 2010.[36] However, opposing managers easily countered Hong's stubborn tactics,[37] resulting in South Korea shiftlessly losing 1–0 to both Mexico and South Africa.[36] His lack of tactical change prompted anger and fierce criticism from South Korean media and fans, in particular, not starting captain Son Heung-min in the final game against South Africa.[37] On 28 June 2026, Hong resigned under intense fire from his compatriots, including South Korean president Lee Jae Myung, as restaurants barred him from entering.[38] Hong eventually left the country for Los Angeles. However, some Korean-owned restaurants posted signs denying him service over his disastrous managerial stint.[39]

Personal life

In 1997, Hong married a woman five years his junior, and has two sons.[40]

Career statistics

Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[41]
Club Season League National cup League cup Continental Other Total
Division AppsGoals AppsGoals AppsGoals AppsGoals AppsGoals AppsGoals
Sangmu FC (draft) 1991Semipro League[a][b]—[c]
Pohang Steelers 1992K League291—80——371
1993K League111—10——121
1994K League174—00——174
1995K League241—70——311
1996K League297[d]50[e]—347
1997K League00[d]60[e]—60
Total 11014270—13714
Bellmare Hiratsuka 1997J1 League1003100——131
1998J1 League3202000——340
Total 4205100——471
Kashiwa Reysol 1999J1 League2854252——379
2000J1 League2922020——332
2001J1 League1500030——180
Total 72762102——8811
Pohang Steelers 2002K League190[d]00——190
LA Galaxy 2003Major League Soccer25020—[f]—270
2004Major League Soccer13000———130
Total 38020——400
Career total 2812113337233126
  1. ↑ Appearance(s) in Korean National Championship
  2. ↑ Appearance(s) in Korean Semi-professional Championship
  3. ↑ Appearance(s) in Korean President's Cup
  4. 1 2 3 Appearance(s) in Korean FA Cup
  5. 1 2 Appearance(s) in Asian Club Championship
  6. ↑ Appearance(s) in CONCACAF Champions' Cup

International

  • Appearances and goals by national team and year[42]
    National teamYearAppsGoals
    South Korea 1990202
    199110
    199231
    1993182
    1994144
    199550
    1996161
    1997120
    199880
    199950
    2000110
    200170
    2002160
    Total13610
  • Appearances and goals by competition
    CompetitionAppsGoals
    Friendlies 48 2
    Minor competitions 26 2
    CONCACAF Gold Cup 2 0
    Asian Games 9 1
    AFC Asian Cup qualification 3 1
    AFC Asian Cup 9 0
    FIFA Confederations Cup 3 0
    FIFA World Cup qualification 20 2
    FIFA World Cup 16 2
    Total13610
    • Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
    List of international goals scored by Hong Myung-bo
    No.DateVenue CapOpponentScoreResultCompetition
    13 August 1990Beijing, China 10 China1–01–1 (a.e.t.)
    (6–5 p)    		1990 Dynasty Cup
    223 September 1990Beijing, China 13 Singapore1–07–01990 Asian Games
    324 August 1992Beijing, China 23 North Korea1–01–11992 Dynasty Cup
    413 May 1993Beirut, Lebanon 29 India1–03–01994 FIFA World Cup qualification
    519 October 1993Doha, Qatar 39 Iraq2–12–21994 FIFA World Cup qualification
    65 June 1994Boston, United States 46 Ecuador1–11–2Friendly
    717 June 1994Dallas, United States 48 Spain1–22–21994 FIFA World Cup
    827 June 1994Dallas, United States 50 Germany2–32–31994 FIFA World Cup
    911 September 1994Gangneung, South Korea 51 Ukraine1–01–0Friendly
    108 August 1996Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 69 Chinese Taipei1–04–01996 AFC Asian Cup qualification

    Managerial statistics

    As of 28 June 2026
    Managerial record by team and tenure
    Team From To Record Ref.
    Pld W D L Win %
    South Korea U20 19 February 2009 9 October 2009 12822066.67 [43]
    South Korea U23 20 October 2009 27 June 2013 321985059.38 [44][45][46][47]
    South Korea 27 June 2013 10 July 2014 195410026.32 [48][49]
    Hangzhou Greentown 17 December 2015 27 May 2017 45151119033.33 [50][51][52]
    Ulsan HD[a] 24 December 2020 11 July 2024 175994234056.57 [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]
    South Korea 8 July 2024 28 June 2026 261556057.69 [62][63]
    Total 3091617276052.10
    1. ↑ Ulsan HD did not recognise penalty shoot-outs (at the Korea Cup and the AFC Champions League) as draws, announcing that Hong reached the 100th win in the 170th match. He finally had 102 wins, 37 draws and 36 losses according to their standard.[53]

    Honours

    Player

    Sangmu FC

    Pohang Steelers

    Kashiwa Reysol

    South Korea B

    South Korea

    Individual

    Manager

    South Korea U23

    Ulsan Hyundai

    South Korea

    Individual

    See also

    Notes

    1. ↑ Appearance as an overage player in a friendly

    References

    1. 1 2 ‘영원한 리베로’ 홍명보, 한국의 베켄바우어를 향해 (in Korean). JoongAng Ilbo. 21 September 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
    2. 1 2 체육계 쪽지. Naver (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 19 May 1991.
    3. ↑ "World Cup 2026: South Korea football coach quits as President Lee calls for probe". BBC News. 29 June 2026. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
    4. 1 2 3 "Awards". FIFA. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
    5. ↑ "Ronaldo e Weah, vincono in due" (in Italian). La Gazzetta dello Sport. 21 January 1997. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
    6. ↑ "FIFA World player 2002 Elected by 148 managers of national teams". European Football Statistics.
    7. 1 2 "The Fifa 100". The Guardian. 4 March 2004.
    8. ↑ 월드컵 축구팀 22명 최종확정. Naver (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 30 May 1990. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    9. ↑ 崔순호·洪명보 두명만 뛰었다. Naver (in Korean). Kyunghyang Shinmun. 13 June 1990. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    10. ↑ Han, Hong-ki (22 June 1990). 마지막30초 虚찔렸지만 잘싸웠다. Naver (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    11. ↑ 한국축구 U대회 "진군나팔". Naver (in Korean). Kyunghyang Shinmun. 23 July 1991. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    12. ↑ 궂은 비 맞으며 활활 타오른 투혼 한국축구 유니버시아드制覇. Naver (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. 25 July 1991. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    13. ↑ 한국"「16强」보인다". Naver (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. 19 June 1994. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    14. ↑ "GERMANY 3-2 KOREA REPUBLIC". FIFA. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    15. ↑ 94월드컵 한국 후회없이 싸웠다. Naver (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 29 June 1994. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    16. ↑ 「월드컵 스타」황선홍이 해냈다. Naver (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. 12 October 1994. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    17. ↑ 축구계「열하나회」있다. Naver (in Korean). Kyunghyang Shinmun. 17 December 1996. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    18. ↑ Jeong, Hee-jun (8 July 2013). 기성용 전에는 홍명보가 있었다..."그러다 다친" 감독들 (in Korean). Pressian. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    19. ↑ 전술도 투지도 없었다 한국,최악의 수모. Naver (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 22 June 1998. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    20. ↑ [런던2012]런던서 '올림픽 恨' 푼 홍명보 감독 (in Korean). JoongAng Ilbo. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
    21. ↑ "South Korea 2 - 3 Turkey". The Guardian. 29 June 2002. Retrieved 21 January 2026.
    22. ↑ Jiang, Allan (5 August 2012). "South Korea 2002 FIFA World Cup Retrospective". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
    23. ↑ "Son Heung-min becomes most-capped male player in S. Korean football". The Korea Times. 10 October 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
    24. ↑ 공수핵 홍명보 약점보강 열쇠. Naver (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 6 December 1996. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
    25. ↑ [월드컵] 홍명보 수비라인복귀, `천군만마' (in Korean). The Korea Economic Daily. 1 June 2002. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
    26. ↑ [홍의택의 대담] 아시아의 리베로가 말한다, '한국 중앙 수비수' (in Korean). Sportalkorea. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
    27. ↑ 「홍명보 공백」못메우고 공-수서 몰락. Naver (in Korean). The Dong-a Ilbo. 2 November 1997. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
    28. ↑ '영원한 리베로' 홍명보, 24년 대표팀 영욕의 역사 (in Korean). JoongAng Ilbo. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
    29. ↑ "South Korea blanks Japan for men's soccer bronze – CBC Sports". CBC Sports. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
    30. ↑ "South Korea name Hong as new coach". Reuters. 24 June 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
    31. 1 2 3 Yoo, Jee-ho (7 July 2024). "(3rd LD) Hong Myung-bo named new head coach for men's nat'l football team". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
    32. ↑ "Korean coach blasts Chinese football club for 'EXCESSIVE' management meddling". The Korea Times. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
    33. ↑ "Ex-national football coach Hong Myung-bo takes over K League's Ulsan". The Korea Times. 24 December 2020.
    34. ↑ 문체부 "1순위 홍명보 먼저 만났다면 문제 없었을 것···계약 무효 판단 어려워" (in Korean). Kyunghyang. 2 October 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2025.
    35. ↑ Kim, Young-joon (1 April 2026). "South Korea's Three-Back Tactic Criticized After Losses". The Chosun Daily. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
    36. 1 2 "FIFA World Cup 2026™ Match Schedule and Results". FIFA. Retrieved 27 June 2026.
    37. 1 2 "Hong Myung-bo's Stubborn Tactics Lead to World Cup Defeat, Echoing 2014 Mistakes". The Chosun Ilbo. 26 June 2026. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
    38. ↑ "South Korea coach Hong Myung-Bo quits after World Cup exit, criticism from president". ESPN. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
    39. ↑ Han, Jane (5 July 2026). "'No Hong' signs greet embattled former coach in US". The Korea Times. The Korea Times. Retrieved 8 July 2026.
    40. ↑ 국가대표 복귀문제로 논란 이는 한국축구 간판스타 홍명보·조수미 부부 (in Korean). W Dong-A. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
    41. ↑ #20 홍명보 (in Korean). K League. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
    42. ↑ "Myung-Bo Hong – Century of International Appearances". RSSSF. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
    43. ↑ "Men's U-20 results - 2009". KFA. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
    44. ↑ "Men's U-23 results - 2009". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    45. ↑ "Men's U-23 results - 2010". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    46. ↑ "Men's U-23 results - 2011". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    47. ↑ "Men's U-23 results - 2012". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    48. ↑ "Men's A results - 2013". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    49. ↑ "Men's A results - 2014". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    50. ↑ "China 2016". RSSSF. 2 August 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
    51. ↑ "Jia League 2017 results, Football China". Flashscore. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
    52. ↑ "China 2017". RSSSF. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
    53. ↑ ‘킹 오브 킹스’ 울산 HD 홍명보 감독, 통산 100승 달성! 1,207일 만에 쾌거! (in Korean). Ulsan HD FC. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
    54. ↑ "FIFA Club World Cup 2020/21". RSSSF. 23 February 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
    55. ↑ "South Korea 2021". RSSSF. 5 December 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2025. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
    56. ↑ "Asian Champions League 2021". RSSSF. 12 December 2022. Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
    57. ↑ "South Korea 2022". RSSSF. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
    58. ↑ "Asian Champions League 2022/23". RSSSF. 6 May 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
    59. ↑ "South Korea 2023". RSSSF. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
    60. ↑ "AFC Champions League 2023/24 Archive". AFC. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
    61. ↑ "South Korea 2024". RSSSF. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
    62. ↑ "Men's A results - 2024". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    63. ↑ "Men's A results - 2025". KFA. Retrieved 12 September 2025.
    64. 1 2 Lee, Seung-soo; Schöggl, Hans; Trevena, Mark (13 May 2020). "South Korea - List of Champions". RSSSF. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
    65. ↑ Fujioka, Atsushi; Halchuk, Stephen; Stokkermans, Karel (25 March 2020). "Asian Champions' Cup". RSSSF. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
    66. 1 2 Lee, Seung-soo; Trevena, Mark (8 April 2020). "South Korea - List of Cup Winners". RSSSF. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
    67. ↑ Manaschev, Erlan (8 April 2020). "Japan - List of League Cup Winners". RSSSF. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
    68. ↑ Garin, Erik; Di Maggio, Roberto (30 July 2020). "Universiade". RSSSF. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
    69. 1 2 Stokkermans, Karel (6 September 2018). "Asian Games". RSSSF. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
    70. ↑ Stokkermans, Karel (7 February 2019). "Asian Nations Cup". RSSSF. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
    71. ↑ Bobrowsky, Josef; Stokkermans, Karel (20 June 2007). "Dynasty Cup". RSSSF. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
    72. ↑ "FIFA XI´s Matches – Full Info". RSSSF. 20 October 2015.
    73. ↑ "2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan: Report and Statistics" (PDF). FIFA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2009.
    74. ↑ "THE RESULTS ARE IN". FIFA, MasterCard. Archived from the original on 3 July 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
    75. ↑ 辛홍기·洪명보「아시아베스트11」올라. Naver (in Korean). Maeil Business Newspaper. 30 October 1993. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
    76. ↑ "Asian Player of the Year". RSSSF. 18 January 2018.
    77. ↑ アジアカップ2000・レバノン大会 (in Japanese). WorldCup's world. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
    78. ↑ Rutherford, Peter; Johnston, Patrick (21 November 2014). "Kewell, Hong, Daei among AFC's first Hall of Fame inductees". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
    79. 1 2 "The best Asian team at the FIFA World Cup announced!". Asian Football Confederation. 7 July 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
    80. ↑ "#AsianCup2023 five-month countdown: Fan-voted all-time AFC Asian Cup Dream XI revealed". Asian Football Confederation. 12 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
    81. ↑ "IFFHS ASIA MEN TEAM OF THE XXth CENTURY (1901-2000)". IFFHS. 8 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
    82. ↑ "IFFHS ALL TIME ASIA MEN'S DREAM TEAM". IFFHS. 11 June 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
    83. ↑ 프로축구 올스타戰 오늘 동대문구장서. Naver (in Korean). Kyunghyang. 22 July 1992. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
    84. ↑ 프로축구 올스타전 출전선수명단 확정. Naver (in Korean). The Chosun Ilbo. 23 July 1995. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
    85. ↑ 홍명보 ’영원한 왕별’ (in Korean). Kyeonggi Ilbo. 3 August 2002. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
    86. ↑ 포철 홍명보 '올해의 선수'뽑혀 (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 4 December 1992.
    87. ↑ 올 최우수선수 홍명보 (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 6 December 1992.
    88. ↑ 「적토마」고정운 MVP영예 (in Korean). Kyunghyang Shinmun. 20 November 1994.
    89. ↑ 신태용 올 축구 황금발 (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 24 November 1995.
    90. ↑ 프로축구 MVP 김현석 뽑혀 (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 30 November 1996.
    91. ↑ 2002년 K-리그 시상식 21일 개최 (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2002.
    92. ↑ 한국 축구 레전드 베스트11 발표 (in Korean). YTN. 31 May 2013.
    93. ↑ "K League" ‘K리그 명예의 전당’ 초대 헌액자 발표 (in Korean). K League. 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
    94. ↑ "1999 Ｊリーグたらみオールスターサッカー" (in Japanese). J.League Data Site. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
    95. ↑ "2001 Ｊリーグたらみオールスターサッカー" (in Japanese). J.League Data Site. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
    96. ↑ Jリーグ 歴代のMVP・ベストイレブン・得点王 (in Japanese). ULTRAZONE. 5 December 2017.
    97. ↑ "2003 MLS All-Star Game". Major League Soccer. 3 August 2003. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
    98. ↑ Duerden, John (25 July 2016). "Olympic Success Carries a Bonus for Koreans: Military Exemption". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
    99. ↑ 홍명보 감독, 8월 ‘현대오일뱅크 고급휘발유 카젠 이달의 감독’ 선정 (in Korean). Goal. 6 September 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
    100. ↑ "K League" 울산 홍명보 감독, 22시즌 첫 ‘K리그 이달의 감독상’ 수상 (in Korean). K League. 6 April 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
    101. ↑ 울산 홍명보 감독, 2023시즌 첫 ‘flex 이달의 감독상’ 수상. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Osen. 31 March 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
    102. ↑ 울산 이청용 K리그 '최고의 별'... 홍명보는 감독상 영예 (종합). Naver (in Korean). Starnews. 24 October 2022.
    103. ↑ 'K리그 MVP의 눈물' 김영권 "머리가 하얘졌다"+홍명보 '최고 감독'... K리그 빛낸 별들 모두 가려졌다 '2023 K리그 대상 시상식' (종합). Naver (in Korean). Starnews. 4 December 2023.
    104. ↑ "K-League XI vs. Atletico Madrid 3 – 2". Soccerway. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
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