Birkenes Municipality

Birkenes Municipality
Birkenes kommune
Municipality
View of the ski terrain at Topdalsheia
View of the ski terrain at Topdalsheia
Flag of Birkenes Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Birkenes Municipality
Coat of arms
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Birkenes within Agder
Birkenes within Agder
Coordinates: 58°26′58″N 08°14′00″E / 58.44944°N 8.23333°E / 58.44944; 8.23333
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictSørlandet
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreBirkeland
Government
 • Mayor (2023)Arild Windsland (H)
Area
 • Total
637.35 km2 (246.08 sq mi)
 • Land595.99 km2 (230.11 sq mi)
 • Water41.36 km2 (15.97 sq mi)  6.5%
 • Rank#183 in Norway
Highest elevation
[1]
531.03 m (1,742.2 ft)
Population
 (2026)
 • Total
5,447
 • Rank#179 in Norway
 • Density9.1/km2 (24/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +5.8%
DemonymsBirkenesing
Borkis[2]
Official language
[3]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4216[4]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Birkenes is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. The 637.35-square-kilometre (246.08 sq mi) municipality has existed since 1838. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Birkeland, where about half the municipal population lives. Other villages in the municipality include Ås, Engesland, Flakk, Flakksvann, Håbbesland, Herefoss, Mollestad, Oggevatn, Rugsland, Senumstad, Søre Herefoss, Svaland, Tveide, Vegusdal, and Væting.

The 637.35-square-kilometre (246.08 sq mi) municipality is the 183rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Birkenes Municipality is the 179th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,447. The municipality's population density is 9.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (24/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.8% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

View of a farm area in Birkenes
Landscape of rural Birkenes
Birkenes Church, circa 1858

Name

The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Birkenes farm (Old Norse: Birkines) since the first Birkenes Church was built there. The first element is birki which means "birch wood". The last element is nes which means "headland". This farm is located on the south side of what is now the village of Mollestad.[7]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 5 December 1986. The official blazon is "Vert, a birch branch with three leaves argent issuant from the base" (Norwegian: I grønt en oppvoksende sølv bjørkekvist med tre blader). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a birch tree branch with three leaves. The branch and leaves have a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The green color in the field symbolizes the importance of agriculture in the municipality. The arms are a canting of the Norwegian word bjørk which means birch (it is canting since bjørk is similar to "birk-" in the name Birkenes). The three leaves symbolize the three main areas in the municipality: Birkenes in the south, Herefoss in the northeast, and Vegusdal in the northwest. The arms were designed by Daniel Rike who based it off an idea by Knut Øvensen. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[8][9][10]

Churches

The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within Birkenes Municipality. It is part of the Vest-Nedenes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Birkenes Municipality
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
BirkenesBirkenes ChurchMollestad1858
HerefossHerefoss ChurchHerefoss1865
VegusdalVegusdal ChurchEngesland1867

History

The parish of Birkenæs (later spelled Birkenes) was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). This new municipality was historically part of the large Tveit prestegjeld, but the new formannskapsdistrikt law mandated that each prestegjeld would become its own municipality and that each municipality must exist in one county. The problem here was that the prestegjeld of Tveit belonged to the county of Lister og Mandal and the annex of Birkenæs belonged to the county of Nedenæs. Therefore, the parish was split into two with Tveit Municipality in Lister og Mandal county and Birkenæs Municipality in Nedenæs county.[11]

On 1 January 1883, an uninhabited part of Birkenes Municipality was transferred to the control of neighboring Landvik Municipality.[11]

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee.[12][13] On 1 January 1967, the following areas were merged to form an enlarged Birkenes Municipality with a population of 3,050:[11]

On 1 January 1970, the two uninhabited areas of Neset and Råbudal in the neighboring Froland Municipality were transferred to Birkenes Municipality (these areas were formerly in the municipality of Mykland Municipality prior to 1967). On 1 January 1979, the uninhabited area of Landheia in Froland Municipality was transferred to Birkenes Municipality. Later, on 1 January 1986, the Lislevand farm area (population: 8) was transferred from Birkenes Municipality to the neighboring Evje og Hornnes Municipality. Then on 1 January 1991, the Dalen area of Birkenes Municipality (population: 60) was transferred to the neighboring Froland Municipality.[11] On 1 January 2019, the Hovlandsdalen area (population: 27) was transferred from Birkenes Municipality to the neighboring Evje og Hornnes Municipality.[14]

Geography

Birkenes is home to many lakes, including Herefossfjorden, Nystølfjorden, Ogge, and Uldalsåna. The river Tovdalselva runs through the municipality as well. The highest point in the municipality is the 531.03-metre (1,742.2 ft) tall mountain Storemyrknuten.[1] Froland Municipality is located to the north, Grimstad Municipality is located to the east, Lillesand Municipality is located to the southeast, Kristiansand Municipality is located to the south, Vennesla Municipality is located to the southwest, Iveland Municipality is located to the west, and Evje og Hornnes Municipality is located to the northwest.

Government

Birkenes Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[15] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Birkenes Municipality is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Birkenes kommunestyre 2023–2027 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Birkenes kommunestyre 2019–2023 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Joint list of the Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) and the Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 1
Total number of members:21
Birkenes kommunestyre 2015–2019 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Birkenes kommunestyre 2011–2015 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:21
Birkenes kommunestyre 2007–2011 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 9
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 2003–2007 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1999–2003 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 1
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1995–1999 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1991–1995 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1987–1991 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet)		 1
 Birkenes local list (Birkenes Bygdeliste)1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1983–1987 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 4
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Liberal People's Party (Liberale Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 6
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1979–1983 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet)		 1
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1975–1979 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 7
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1971–1975 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1967–1971 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:27
Birkenes kommunestyre 1963–1967 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:17
Birkenes herredsstyre 1959–1963 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:17
Birkenes herredsstyre 1955–1959 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:17
Birkenes herredsstyre 1951–1955 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 5
Total number of members:16
Birkenes herredsstyre 1947–1951 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:16
Birkenes herredsstyre 1945–1947 [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 6
Total number of members:16
Birkenes herredsstyre 1937–1941* [34]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:16
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

The mayor (Norwegian: ordfører) of Birkenes Municipality is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. The following people have held this position:[35][36]

  • 1838–1839: Bendt Gundersen Birkeland
  • 1840–1841: Carl Taraldsen Klep
  • 1842–1843: Peder Osmundsen Birkeland
  • 1844–1845: Bendt Gundersen Birkeland
  • 1846–1847: Elias Olsen Flaa
  • 1848–1851: Nils Olsen Østerhus
  • 1852–1853: Knut Nilsen Haabesland
  • 1854–1855: Halvor Jakobsen Tjøntvedt
  • 1856–1863: Andreas Jørgensen Solberg
  • 1864–1867: Halvor Jakobsen Tjøntvedt
  • 1868–1869: Andreas Jørgensen Solberg
  • 1870–1871: Bendix Bendtsen Birkeland
  • 1872–1873: Jens Syvertsen Rugsland
  • 1874–1875: Ole Mathias Olsen Birkenes
  • 1876–1879: Andreas Jørgensen Solberg
  • 1880–1883: Nils Olsen Røinaas
  • 1884–1885: Isak Guttormsen Raen
  • 1886–1887: Nils Olsen Røinaas
  • 1888–1895: Tellef Osmundsen Mollestad
  • 1896–1901: Andreas Røstad
  • 1902–1904: Syvert A. Jamsland
  • 1905–1910: Mads G. Mollestad
  • 1911–1913: L.M. Tvede
  • 1914–1919: Torjus Aamlid
  • 1920–1925: Olav Røstad
  • 1926–1928: Olaus Tvede
  • 1929–1940: Johannes Røinaas (V)
  • 1940–1943: Harald Unander (NS)
  • 1943–1945: Olav Aakre (NS)
  • 1945–1951: Johannes Røinaas (V)
  • 1952–1966: Andreas Høygilt (Sp)
  • 1967–1971: Andreas Holm (Sp)[37]
  • 1971–1991: Kristen K. Flaa (Sp)
  • 1991–2010: Harald Vestøl (H)
  • 2010–2011: Arild Espegren (KrF)
  • 2011–2015: Arild Windsland (H)
  • 2015–2019: Anders Christiansen (Ap)
  • 2019–2023: Gyro Heia (Sp)
  • 2023–present: Arild Windsland (H)[38]

Economy

Agriculture and logging are important sources of employment, but the municipality also has a small industrial base with about 400 different work sites. The largest enterprise is Owens Corning with approximately 180 employees. Other larger businesses include Uldal Vinduer og Dører, Foss Bad, Scanflex, KOAB Industrier, and Birkeland Trykkeri.

Transportation

The Sørland Line provides rail service at Herefoss Station. Prior to 1953, the Lillesand-Flaksvand Line also served the municipality, but that railway line was closed down and removed.

Norwegian National Road 41 runs north–south through Birkenes, and is one of the main highways in this area of Norway. There are also several other important county roads in Birkenes, such as Norwegian County Road 404, Norwegian County Road 405, and Norwegian County Road 406.

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 "Høgaste fjelltopp i kvar kommune" (in Norwegian). Kartverket. 16 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  3. ↑ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  4. ↑ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (9 January 2024). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon.
  5. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ↑ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ↑ Rygh, Oluf (1905). Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt (in Norwegian) (8 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 161.
  8. ↑ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  9. ↑ "Birkenes, Aust-Agder (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 5 December 1986. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  12. ↑ Grepstad, Jon, ed. (25 March 2025). "Nikolai Schei". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  13. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (27 May 2024). "kommuneinndelingen i Norge". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  14. ↑ "Vedtak om endring av kommunegrense – overføring av Hovlandsdalen fra Birkenes kommune til Evje og Hornnes kommune, Aust-Agder fylke" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Fylkesmannen i Aust- og Vest-Agder. 21 March 2018.
  15. ↑ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (25 November 2024). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Foreningen Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  16. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  17. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  18. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  19. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Aust-Agder". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  22. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  23. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  28. ↑ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  29. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  30. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  31. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  32. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  33. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  34. ↑ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  35. ↑ Fiva, Jon H; Sørensen, Rune J.; Vøllo, Reidar, eds. (2024). "Local Candidate Dataset" (PDF).
  36. ↑ Birkenes. III : Arv og vekst : kulturbind (in Norwegian). Birkenes: Birkenes bygdeboknemnd. 1975. p. 190. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  37. ↑ "Andreas Holm gjenvalgt som ordfører i Birkenes". Lillesands-Posten (in Norwegian). 19 December 1967. p. 2. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  38. ↑ "Blir ordfører i Birkenes for andre gang". NRK (in Norwegian). 12 September 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
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  • Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway (in Norwegian)
  • Wikivoyage logo Aust-Agder travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Welcome to Birkenes - Tourist information
  • Kultur i Birkenes på kart from Kulturnett.no (in Norwegian)

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