2035 in public domain

The literature of Ian Fleming, including the original James Bond series of novels and short stories, will enter the public domain in Europe in 2035.

When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2035 under the most common copyright regimes, assuming no further extensions to copyright terms become law in the interim.

Countries with life + 70 years

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Dr. Atl Mexico 15 August 1964 Painter, writer
Fernando Leal Mexico 7 October 1964 Painter, muralist, lithographer, engraver
Bharathidasan India 21 April 1964 Poet "Tamil Thai Valthu"
Birinchi Kumar Barua India 30 March 1964 Scholar, writer
Carlos Brandt Venezuela 27 February 1964 Writer
Guru Dutt India 10 October 1964 Film director Pyaasa
Ian Fleming United Kingdom 12 August 1964 Writer James Bond
Mushtaq Hussain Khan India 13 August 1964 Musician
Jawaharlal Nehru India 27 May 1964 Politician An Autobiography

Countries with life + 60 years

In Bangladesh, India, and Venezuela a work enters the public domain 60 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Jean Absil Belgium 2 February 1974 Composer
Gilbert Archey New Zealand 20 October 1974 Zoologist The Moa, a Study of the Dinornithiformes
Miguel Ángel Asturias Guatemala 9 June 1974 Poet-diplomat El Señor Presidente
Farid al-Atrash Egypt 26 December 1974 Composer
Kurt Atterberg Sweden 15 February 1974 Composer Compositions
H. E. Bates United Kingdom 29 January 1974 Writer The Darling Buds of May
Erick Berry United States February 1974 Writer The Winged Girl of Knossos
Bobby Bloom United States 28 February 1974 Singer-songwriter "Montego Bay"
Hector Bolitho New Zealand 12 September 1974 Writer Albert the Good and the Victorian Reign
Buddhadeb Bosu Bangladesh 1974 Writer
Rosario Castellanos Mexico 7 August 1974 Poet, novelist The Nine Guardians
Nellie Coad New Zealand 6 September 1974 Teacher, writer
Phillis Emily Cunnington United Kingdom 24 October 1974 Physician, historian Handbook of English Mediaeval Costume
Maurice Duggan New Zealand 11 December 1974 Writer Summer in the Gravel Pit
Duke Ellington United States 24 May 1974 Composer Duke Ellington discography
Julius Evola Italy 11 June 1974 Philosopher Revolt Against the Modern World
Allal al-Fassi Morocco 13 May 1974 Writer The Independence Movements in Arab North Africa
Dorothy Fields United States 28 March 1974 Film lyricist "The Way You Look Tonight"
Louise Fitzhugh United States 19 November 1974 Writer Harriet the Spy
Georgette Heyer United Kingdom 4 July 1974 Writer List of works by Georgette Heyer
Ali Ismael Egypt 16 June 1974 Composer Fida'i
Marie Luise Kaschnitz Germany 10 October 1974 Writer Menschen und Dinge 1945
Erich Kästner Germany 29 July 1974 Poet, screenwriter Emil and the Detectives
Muhammad Ayub Khan Pakistan 19 April 1974 Politician Books
Whanki Kim South Korea 25 July 1974 Painter What Form, Shall We Meet Again? (어디서 무엇이 되어 다시 만나랴)
Pär Lagerkvist Sweden 11 July 1974 Writer Barabbas
Eve Langley New Zealand 1 June 1974 Writer The Pea-Pickers
Charles Lindbergh United States 26 August 1974 Aviator, writer "WE", The Spirit of St. Louis
Eric Linklater United Kingdom 7 November 1974 Writer, poet The Wind on the Moon
Walter Lippmann United States 14 December 1974 Writer Public Opinion
Margaret MacPherson New Zealand 14 September 1974 Writer, journalist A Symposium Against War
P. Schuyler Miller United States 13 October 1974 Writer
Henry de Monfreid France 13 December 1974 Adventurer, writer Secrets of the Red Sea
Stanley Mullen United States 1974 Artist, writer Kinsmen of the Dragon
Leslie Munro New Zealand 13 February 1974 Politician, writer United Nations: Hope for a Divided World
Douglas Robb New Zealand 1974 Physician, writer Medical Odyssey
David Alfaro Siqueiros Mexico 6 January 1974 Painter, muralist Portrait of the Bourgeoisie (1939–1940), The March of Humanity (1957–1971)
William Sloane United States 25 September 1974 Writer To Walk the Night
Zaharia Stancu Romania 5 December 1974 Writer Through the Ashes of the Empire
Sheila Stuart United Kingdom 1974 Writer Alison's Highland Holiday
Jacqueline Susann United States 21 September 1974 Writer Valley of the Dolls
Sándor Szathmári Hungary 16 July 1974 Writer, mechanical engineer Kazohinia
Bernard Wall (writer) United Kingdom 2 May 1974 Writer, translator English translation of The Phenomenon of Man
Robert Charles Zaehner United Kingdom 24 November 1974 Scholar Zurvan, Mysticism, Our Savage God

Countries with life + 50 years

In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Vicente Aleixandre Spain 14 December 1984 Poet
Julio Cortázar Argentina
France		 12 February 1984 Writer Bibliography
Michail Sholokhov Russia 21 February 1984 Novelist And Quiet Flows the Don

Countries with life + 80 years

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Death Occupation Notable work
Jacinto Benavente Spain 14 July 1954 Dramatist The Unloved Woman
Tomás Carreras i Artau Spain 1954 Philosopher, ethnologist
Juan Chabás Spain 29 October 1954 Writer, poet Sueño Perseguido
María Goyri Spain 28 November 1954 Hispanist, literary critic
Santiago Martínez Delgado Colombia 12 January 1954 Painter, sculptor, art historian, writer Mural at the Capitolio Nacional
Matilde Muñoz Barberi Spain 12 December 1954 Writer El Amante Infinito
Eugenio d'Ors Spain 25 September 1954 Writer Manual del librero español e hispanoamericano
Antoni Palau i Dulcet Spain 1954 Writer, journalist, philosopher, art critic

United States

The two most famous films entering the public domain in the United States in 2035 are Victor Fleming's The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind, both of which are widely considered to be among the greatest films of all time.

Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1939, films released in 1939, and other works published in 1939 will enter the public domain in 2035.[5] Sound recordings published in 1934 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1964 will also enter the public domain.

The most famous films entering the public domain in 2035 are two adaptations directed by Victor Fleming: MGM's The Wizard of Oz starring Judy Garland, and Selznick International's Best Picture Academy Award winner Gone with the Wind starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh, both of which have been celebrated for their innovative use of Technicolor and are widely considered to be among the greatest motion pictures of all time. The entry of the former film is more significant given its widespread influence in popular culture, and will bring along the film's trademark designs and portrayals for L. Frank Baum's world and characters[a] as well as its entire incidental and song score, including its signature song "Over the Rainbow". Also entering the public domain are multiple Hollywood films that are considered classics among their respective genres: Frank Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington with Jean Arthur and James Stewart, Sam Wood's Goodbye, Mr. Chips with Robert Donat, John Ford's Stagecoach starring John Wayne, Dark Victory with Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart, Ernst Lubitsch's Ninotchka starring Greta Garbo and Melvyn Douglas, Hal Roach's Of Mice and Men adaptation with Burgess Meredith, and William Wyler's adaptation of Wuthering Heights with Merle Oberon and Laurence Olivier.

Other notable films entering the public domain this year include Basil Rathbone's two Sherlock Holmes films for 20th Century Fox and his Universal Monsters film Son of Frankenstein co-starring Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi, Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Jamaica Inn with Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Hara, Jean Renoir's The Rules of the Game, Jesse James starring Tyrone Power and Henry Fonda, Busby Berkeley's Babes in Arms starring Garland and Mickey Rooney, Dodge City starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, George Cukor's The Women, Ford's Drums Along the Mohawk with Fonda and Claudette Colbert, Michael Curtiz's The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex, William Dieterle's adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame with Charles Laughton, Condemned To Be Shot (one of the earliest television films), Hugh Harman's animated short film Peace on Earth, the final Betty Boop cartoons, and Walt Disney's last Silly Symphony short The Ugly Duckling. Also entering the public domain are the first animated appearances of Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse in their modern character designs, including The Pointer, and the debut shorts of MGM's cartoon character Barney Bear and Walter Lantz's character Andy Panda.

Important literary works that will enter the public domain in 2035 include James Joyce's final work Finnegans Wake, John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath, Agatha Christie's crime novel And Then There Were None, Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep introducing Philip Marlowe, Richard Llewellyn's novel How Green Was My Valley, Dr. Seuss's books The King's Stilts and The Seven Lady Godivas, Ernest Vincent Wright's novel Gadsby, Stanley G. Weinbaum's post-apocalyptic novel The Black Flame, the science fiction short stories I, Robot by Eando Binder and Marooned off Vesta by Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein's short story Life-Line, T. S. Eliot's poetry book Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (the source material for Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats), Joseph Kesselring's play Arsenic and Old Lace, C.S. Lewis and E. M. W. Tillyard's book of essays The Personal Heresy, Lindsay and Crouse's Life with Father, J. B. Priestley's novel Let the People Sing, Jorge Luis Borges' short story Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote in its original Spanish, Hergé's Tintin story King Ottokar's Sceptre (including the first appearance of the opera singer Bianca Castafiore) in its original French black-and-white version, and the children's books Cecily G. and the Nine Monkeys by H. A. Rey (which introduced the monkey character now known as Curious George) in its original French, The Twisted Claw and The Clue of the Tapping Heels from the Stratemeyer Syndicate's The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew series in their original editions, and Madeline by Ludwig Bemelmans. The first comic books of DC Comics' Batman,[b] as well as the original character of the Human Torch from Marvel Comics (not to be confused with Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four who were introduced much later), will also become public domain in 2035. The same will happen for the Disney comic strips introducing Mickey's recurring enemy, The Phantom Blot; for the booklet from the Montgomery Ward department store chain that introduced the character of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, who would later become the focus of a popular Christmas song; and for the premiere issues of The Kenyon Review, Startling Stories, Poetry London and Famous Fantastic Mysteries.

Works from 1939 that were already in the public domain for lacking proper copyright renewal or bearing invalid notices include Leo McCarey's Love Affair with Irene Dunne, Dave Fleischer's animated feature film Gulliver's Travels, and the first comics of various superheroes: DC's pulp hero Sandman, various Fox Feature Syndicate characters including the original incarnation of Blue Beetle, Stardust the Super Wizard from Fantastic Comics, The Flame, and the Golden Age Wonder Man.

Artworks entering the public domain include Salvador Dalí's The Enigma of Hitler, Edward Hopper's Cape Cod Evening, Frida Kahlo's oil painting The Two Fridas, and Fernand Leger's Adam and Eve.

Popular songs entering the public domain include "Moonlight Serenade", "God Bless America", "We'll Meet Again", "If I Didn't Care", "What's New?", and the nursery song "I'm A Little Teapot". Sergei Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky will also become public domain in the United States this year, alongside the original composition of Solomon Linda's "Mbube", which would later be evolved into “The Lion Sleeps Tonight”.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For example: the portrayal of main character Dorothy Gale as wearing a blue gingham dress, as well as the iconic ruby slippers.
  2. ↑ When Batman enters the public domain, Commissioner Gordon will enter with him.

References

  1. ↑ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998[link removed]
  2. ↑ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  3. ↑ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. ↑ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. ↑ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  • Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Undelete in 2035 at Wikimedia Commons
  • "Authors by Year of Death – 1964". AuthorAndBookInfo.com.
  • Popular Books of 1939 at Goodreads
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