Ukrainians in Russia

Ukrainians in Russia
Total population
884 007 (2021)
Languages
Russian (99.8%, 2002), Ukrainian
Religion
Predominantly Christians (55%)[1][2]
Related ethnic groups
Kuban Cossacks, other Slavic peoples (especially East Slavs)

The Russian census identified that there were more than 5,864,000 Ukrainians and Ukrainian citizens living in Russia in 2015, representing over 4.01% of the total population of the Russian Federation and comprising the eighth-largest ethnic group. In February 2022 there were roughly 3 million Ukrainians who fled to Russia as refugees. Most of them identified as ethnic Russians. The number kept increasing throughout the war. Estimates for Ukrainians fleeing towards Russia range from 3 to 10 million.

In February 2014, there were 2.6 million Ukrainian citizens in the territory of Russia, two-thirds of the labour migrants; however, after Russia annexed Crimea and started the war in Donbas, the number was estimated to have risen to 4.5 million. According to the 2021 Russian census, 884,007 people identified themselves as ethnically Ukrainian.

History

17th and 18th centuries

The Treaty of Pereiaslav of 1654 led to Ukraine becoming a protectorate of the Tsardom of Russia. This resulted in increased Ukrainian immigration to Russia, initially to Sloboda Ukraine but also to the Don lands and the area of the Volga river. There was a significant migration to Moscow, particularly by church activists, priests and monks, scholars and teachers, artists, translators, singers, and merchants. In 1652, twelve singers under the direction of Ternopolsky moved to Moscow, and thirteen graduates of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium moved to teach the Moscow gentry. Many priests and church administrators migrated from Ukraine; in particular, Ukrainian clergy established the Andreyevsky Monastery,[3] which influenced the Russian Orthodox Church, in particular the reform policies of Patriarch Nikon which led to the Old Believer Raskol (English: schism). The influence of Ukrainian clergy continued to grow, especially after 1686, when the Metropolia of Kyiv was transferred from the Patriarch of Constantinople to the Patriarch of Moscow.

After the abolishment of the Patriarch's chair by Peter I, Ukrainian Stephen Yavorsky became Metropolitan of Moscow, followed by Feofan Prokopovich. Five Ukrainians were metropolitans, and 70 of 127 bishops in Russia's Orthodox hierarchy were recent emigres from Kyiv.[4] Students of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium began schools and seminaries in many Russian eparchies. By 1750, over 125 such institutions were opened, and their graduates practically controlled the Russian church, obtaining key posts through to the late 18th century. Under Prokopovich, the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened in 1724, which was chaired from 1746 by Ukrainian Kirill Razumovsky.[4]

The Moscow court had a choir established in 1713 with 21 singers from Ukraine. The conductor for a period of time was A. Vedel. In 1741, 44 men, 33 women, and 55 girls were moved to St. Petersburg from Ukraine to sing and entertain. Composer Maksym Berezovsky also worked in St. Petersburg at the time. A significant Ukrainian presence was also seen in the Academy of Arts.

The Ukrainian presence in the Russian Army also grew significantly. The greatest influx happened after the Battle of Poltava in 1709. Large numbers of Ukrainians settled around St. Petersburg and were employed in the building of the city.

A separate category of emigrants were those deported to Moscow by the Russian government for demonstrating anti-Russian sentiment. The deported were brought to Moscow initially for investigation, then exiled to Siberia, Arkhangelsk or the Solovetsky Islands. Among the deported were Ukrainian cossacks including D. Mhohohrishny, Ivan Samoylovych, and Petro Doroshenko. Others include all the family of hetman Ivan Mazepa, A. Vojnarovsky, and those in Mazepa's Cossack forces that returned to Russia. Some were imprisoned in exile for the rest of their lives, such as hetman Pavlo Polubotok, Pavlo Holovaty, P. Hloba and Petro Kalnyshevsky.

19th century

Ethnic map of European Russia before the First World War

Beginning in the 19th century, there was a continuous migration from Belarus, Ukraine and Northern Russia to settle the distant areas of the Russian Empire. The promise of free fertile land was an important factor for many peasants, who until 1861 lived under serfdom. In the colonization of the new lands, a significant contribution was made by ethnic Ukrainians. Initially Ukrainians colonised border territories in the Caucasus. Most of these settlers came from Left-bank Ukraine and Slobozhanshchyna and mainly settled in the Stavropol and Terek areas. Some compact areas of the Don, Volga, and Urals were also settled.

The Ukrainians created large settlements within Russia, becoming the majority in certain centres. They continued fostering their traditions, their language, and their architecture. Their village structure and administration differed somewhat from the Russian population that surrounded them. Where populations were mixed, Russification often took place.[5] The size and geographical area of the Ukrainian settlements were first seen in the course of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, which noted language but not ethnicity. A total of 22,380,551 Ukrainian speakers were recorded, with 1,020,000 Ukrainians in European Russia and 209,000 in Asian Russia.[note 1]

Formation of Ukrainian borders

Ethnographic map of Ukraine, showing ethnographic boundaries of ethnic Ukrainians in the early 20th century as claimed by Ukrainian émigrés Volodymyr Kubijovyč and Oleksander Kulchytsky

The first Russian Empire Census, conducted in 1897, gave statistics regarding language use in the Russian Empire according to the administrative borders. Extensive use of Little Russian (and in some cases dominance) was noted in the nine south-western Governorates and the Kuban Oblast.[6] When the future borders of the Ukrainian state were marked, the results of the census were taken into consideration. As a result, the ethnographic borders of Ukraine in the 20th century were twice as large as the Cossack Hetmanate that had been incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 18th century.[7]

Certain regions had mixed populations made up of both Ukrainian and Russian ethnicities, and various minorities. These included the territory of Sloboda and the Donbas. These territories were between Ukraine and Russia. This left a large community of ethnic Ukrainians on the Russian side of the border. The borders of the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic were largely preserved by the Ukrainian SSR.

In the course of the mid-1920s administrative reforms, some territory initially under the Ukrainian SSR was ceded to the Russian SFSR, such as the Taganrog and Shakhty cities in the eastern Donbas. At the same time, the Ukrainian SSR gained several territories that were amalgamated into the Sumy Oblast in Sloboda region.

Late 20th century and early 21st century

Number and share of Ukrainians in the population of the regions of the RSFSR (1979 census)

The Ukrainian cultural renaissance in Russia began at the end of the 1980s, with the formation of the Slavutych Society in Moscow and the Ukrainian Cultural Centre named after T. Shevchenko in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg).

In 1991, the Ukraina Society organized a conference in Kyiv with delegates from the various new Ukrainian community organizations of the Eastern Diaspora. By 1991, over 20 such organizations were in existence. By 1992, 600 organizations were registered in Russia alone. The congress helped to consolidate the efforts of these organizations. From 1992, regional congresses began to take place, organized by the Ukrainian organizations of Prymoria, Tyumen Oblast, Siberia and the Far East. In March 1992, the Union of Ukrainian organizations in Moscow was founded. The Union of Ukrainians in Russia was founded in May 1992.

The term "Eastern Diaspora" has been used since 1992 to describe Ukrainians living in the former USSR, as opposed to the Western Ukrainian Diaspora which was used until then to describe all Ukrainian diaspora outside the Union. The Eastern Diaspora is estimated to number approximately 6.8 million, while the Western Diaspora is estimated to number approximately 5 million.

In February 2009, about 3.5 million Ukrainian citizens were estimated to be working in the Russian Federation, particularly in Moscow and in the construction industry.[8] According to Volodymyr Yelchenko, the Ambassador of Ukraine to the Russian Federation, there were no state schools in Russia with a program for teaching school subjects in the Ukrainian language as of August 2010; he considered "the correction of this situation" as one of his top priorities.[9]

As of 2007, the number of Ukrainian illegal immigrants in Russia has been estimated as being between 3 and 11 million.

In a 2011 poll, 49% of Ukrainians said that they had relatives living in Russia.[10]

Russo-Ukrainian War

During the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014, some Ukrainians living in Russia have complained of being labelled a "Banderite" (follower of Stepan Bandera), even when they are from parts of Ukraine where Stepan Bandera has no considerable support.[11]

Starting from 2014, a number of Ukrainian activists and organisations were prosecuted in Russia based on political grounds. Some notable examples include the case of Oleg Sentsov, which was described by Amnesty International as a "Stalinist era trial",[12] the closure of a Ukrainian library in Moscow and prosecution of the library staff,[13] and a ban of Ukrainian organisations in Russia, such as Ukrainian World Congress.[13]

As of September 2015, there were 2.6 million Ukrainians living in Russia, more than half of them classified as "guest workers". A million more had arrived in the previous eighteen months[14] (although critics have accused the FMS and media of circulating exaggerated figures[15][16]). About 400,000 had applied for refugee status and almost 300,000 had asked for temporary residence status, with another 600,000 considered to be in breach of migration rules.[14] By November 2017, there were 427,240 applicant asylum-seekers and refugees from Ukraine registered in Russia,[17] over 185,000 of them having received temporary asylum, and fewer than 590 with refugee status.[18] The refugees were from the territories of Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republics taken over by pro-Russian separatists since the Russo-Ukrainian War. Most refugees have headed to rural areas in central Russia. Major destinations for Ukrainian migrants have included Karelia, Vorkuta, Magadan Oblast; oblasts such as Magadan and Yakutia are destinations of a government relocation program since the vast majority avoid big cities like Moscow and Saint Petersburg.[19]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, an estimated 2.8 million Ukrainians had arrived in Russia as of September 2022;[20] the UN Human Rights Office stated: "There have been credible allegations of forced transfers of unaccompanied children to Russian occupied territory, or to the Russian Federation itself."[21][22]

On 22 January 2024 Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the president of Ukraine, has signed a presidential decree "On areas of the Russian Federation historically populated by Ukrainians", urging the Ukrainian government to take measures to "preserve the national identity of Ukrainians in Russia", "counter misinformation regarding the history and present of Ukrainians in Russia" and "develop relations between Ukrainians and other peoples enslaved by Russia".[23]

Ukrainian population centres in Russia

Percentage of Ukrainians in regions of Russia in 2010
Areas in Russia where Ukrainians were the largest minority, 2010

Kuban

The first bandura school in 1913, organised in the Kuban, directed by Vasyl Yemetz (centre)

The original Black Sea Cossacks colonised the Kuban region from 1792. Following the Caucasus War and the subsequent colonisation of the Circaucasus, the Black Sea Cossacks intermixed with other ethnic groups, including the indigenous Circassian population.

According to the 1897 census, 47.3% of the Kuban population (including extensive latter 19th-century non-Cossack migrants from both Ukraine and Russia) referred to their native language as Little Russian (the official term for the Ukrainian language), while 42.6% referred to their native language as Great Russian.[24] Few оf the cultural production in Kuban from the 1890s until 1914, such as plays, stories and music, were written in the Ukrainian language,[25] and one of the first political parties in Kuban was the Ukrainian Revolutionary Party.[25] During the Russian Civil War, the Kuban Cossack Rada formed a military alliance with the Ukrainian People's Republic and declared Ukrainian to be the official language of the Kuban National Republic. This decision was not supported uniformly by the Cossacks themselves, and soon the Rada itself was dissolved by the Russian White Denikin's Volunteer Army.[25]

In the 1920s, a policy of Decossackization was pursued. At the same time, the Bolshevik authorities supported policies that promoted the Ukrainian language and self-identity, opening 700 Ukrainian-language schools and a Ukrainian department in the local university.[26] Russian historians claim that Cossacks were in this way forcibly Ukrainized,[27] while Ukrainian historians claim that Ukrainization in Kuban merely paralleled Ukrainization in Ukraine itself, where people were being taught in their native language. According to the 1926 census, there were nearly a million Ukrainians registered in the Kuban Okrug alone (or 62% of the total population).[28] During this period many Soviet repressions were tested on the Cossack lands, particularly the Black Boards that led to the Soviet famine of 1932–1934 in the Kuban. Yet by the mid-1930s there was an abrupt policy change of Soviet attitude towards Ukrainians in Russia. In the Kuban, the Ukrainization policy was halted and reversed.[29] In 1936 the Kuban Cossack Chorus was re-formed as were individual Cossack regiments in the Red Army. By the end of the 1930s many Cossacks' descendants chose to identify themselves as Russians.[30] From that time onwards, almost all of the self-identified Ukrainians in the Kuban were non-Cossacks; the Soviet Census of 1989 showed that a total of 251,198 people in Krasnodar Kray (including Adyghe Autonomous Oblast) were born in the Ukrainian SSR.[31] In the 2002 census, the number of people who identified as Ukrainians in the Kuban was recorded to be 151,788. Despite the fact that most of the descendants of Kuban Cossacks identify themselves as Russian nationals.[32] Many elements of their culture originate from Ukraine, such as the Kuban Bandurist music, and the Balachka dialect.

Moscow

Moscow has had a significant Ukrainian presence since the 17th century. The original Ukrainian settlement bordered Kitai-gorod. No longer having a Ukrainian character, it is today known as Maroseyka (a corruption of Malorusseyka, or Little Russian). During Soviet times the main street, Maroseyka, was named after the Ukrainian Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky. After Moscow State University was founded in 1755, many students from Ukraine studied there. Many of these students had commenced their studies at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

In the first years after the revolution of 1905, Moscow was one of the major centres of the Ukrainian movement for self-awareness. The monthly magazine Zoria (Зоря, English: Star) was edited by A. Krymsky, and from 1912 to 1917 the Ukrainian cultural and literary magazine Ukrainskaya zhizn was also published there (edited by Symon Petliura). Books in the Ukrainian language were published in Moscow from 1912 and Ukrainian theatrical troupes of M. Kropovnytsky and M. Sadovsky were constantly performing in Moscow.

Moscow's Ukrainians played an active role in opposing the attempted coup in August 1991.[33]

According to the 2001 census, there are 253,644 Ukrainians living in the city of Moscow,[34] making them the third-largest ethnic group in that city after Russians and Tatars. A further 147,808 Ukrainians live in the Moscow region. The Ukrainian community in Moscow operates a cultural centre on Arbat Street, whose head is appointed by the Ukrainian government.[35] It publishes two Ukrainian-language newspapers and has organized Ukrainian-language Saturday and Sunday schools.

Saint Petersburg

When Saint Petersburg was the capital during the Russian Empire era, it attracted people from many nations including Ukraine. The Ukrainian poets Taras Shevchenko and Dmytro Bortniansky spent most of their lives in Saint Petersburg. Ivan Mazepa, carrying out the orders of Peter I, was responsible for sending many Ukrainians to help build St Petersburg.[36]

According to the 2001 census, there are 87,119 Ukrainians living in the city of St Petersburg, where they constitute the largest non-Russian ethnic group.[37] The former mayor, Valentina Matviyenko (née Tyutina), was born in Khmelnytskyi Oblast of western Ukraine and is of Ukrainian ethnicity.[38]

Green Ukraine

Green Ukraine is the historical Ukrainian name of the land in the Russian Far East area
Number and share of Ukrainians in the population of the regions of the RSFSR (1926 census)

Green Ukraine is often referred to as Zeleny Klyn. This is an area of land settled by Ukrainians which is a part of Far Eastern Siberia, located on the Amur River and the Pacific Ocean. It was named by Ukrainian settlers. The territory consists of over 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) and had a population of 3.1 million in 1958. Ukrainians made up 26% of the population in 1926. In the last Russian census, 94,058 people in Primorsky Krai claimed Ukrainian ethnicity,[39] making Ukrainians the second-largest ethnic group and largest ethnic minority.

Grey Ukraine

The Ukrainian settlement of Grey Ukraine or Siry Klyn (literally the "grey wedge") developed around the city of Omsk in western Siberia. M. Bondarenko, an emigrant from Poltava province, wrote before World War I: "The city of Omsk looks like a typical Moscovite city, but the bazaar and markets speak Ukrainian". All around the city of Omsk stood Ukrainian villages. The settlement of people beyond the Ural mountains began in the 1860s. There were attempts to form an autonomous Ukrainian region in 1917–1920. Altogether, 1,604,873 emigrants from Ukraine settled the area before 1914. According to the 2010 Russian census, 77,884 people of the Omsk region identified themselves as Ukrainians, making Ukrainians the third-largest ethnic group there after Russians and Kazakhs.[40]

Yellow Ukraine

The settlement of Yellow Ukraine, or Zholty Klyn (the Yellow Wedge) was founded soon after the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1659 as the eastern border of the second Zasechnaya Cherta. Named after the yellow steppes on the middle and lower Volga, the colony co-existed with the Volga Cossacks, and colonists primarily settled around the city of Saratov. In addition to Ukrainians, Volga Germans and Mordovians migrated to Zholty Klyn in large numbers. As of 2014, most of the population is integrated throughout the region, though a few culturally Ukrainian villages remain.[41]

Inter-ethnic relations

Ukrainians in the Russian Federation represent the third-largest ethnic group after Russians and Tatars. In spite of their relatively high numbers, some Ukrainians in Russia reported unfair treatment and anti-Ukrainian sentiment in the Russian Federation.[42][43] In November 2010, the High Court of Russia cancelled registration of one of the biggest civic communities of the Ukrainian minority, the "Federal nation-cultural autonomy of the Ukrainians in Russia" (FNCAUR).[44]

A survey, conducted by the independent Russian research centre Levada in February 2019, found that 77% of Ukrainians and 82% of Russians think positively of each other as people.[10]

Demographics

Statistics and scholarship

Population size of Ukrainians in regions of Russia (thsd. ppl.), 2021 census

Statistical information about Ukrainians is included in the census materials of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation which were collected in 1897, 1920, 1923, 1926, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002,2010 and 2021. Of these, the 1937 census was discarded and begun again as the 1939 census.

In the aftermath of the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, attention has been focused on the Eastern Ukrainian diaspora by the Society for relations with Ukrainians outside of Ukraine. Numerous attempts have been made to unite them. The society publishes the journal Zoloti Vorota (Золоті Ворота, named for The Golden Gate of Kyiv) and the magazine Ukrainian Diaspora.

No. Census year[45] Population of Ukrainians in Russia Percentage of total Russian population
1 1926 6,871,194 7.41
2 1939 3,359,184 3.07
3 1959 3,359,083 2.86
4 1970 3,345,885 2.57
5 1979 3,657,647 2.66
6 1989 4,362,872 2.97
7 2002 2,942,961 2.03
8 2010 1,927,988[46] 1.40
9 2021 884,007 0.6

Religion

The vast majority of Ukrainians in Russia are adherents of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Ukrainian clergy had an influential role on Russian Orthodoxy in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Recently, the growing economic migrant population from Galicia have had success in establishing a few Ukrainian Catholic churches, and there are several churches belonging to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kyiv Patriarchate), where Patriarch Filaret agreed to accept breakaway groups that had been excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church for breaches of canon law. In 2002, some asserted that Russian bureaucracy imposed on religion has hampered the expansion of these two groups.[47] According to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, their denomination has only one church building in all of Russia.[48]

During the 1990s, the Ukrainian population in Russia noticeably decreased due to a number of factors. The most important one was the general population decline in Russia. At the same time, many economic migrants from Ukraine moved to Russia for better paid jobs and careers. It is estimated that there are as many as 300,000[49] legally registered migrants. There is negative sentiment toward the bulk of migrants from the Caucasus and Central Asia, with Ukrainians relatively trusted by the Russian population. Assimilation has also been a factor in the falling number of Ukrainians; many intermarry with Russians, due to cultural similarities, and their children are counted as Russian on the census. Otherwise, the Ukrainian population has mostly remained stable due to immigration from Ukraine.

Notable Ukrainians in Russia

Georgy Gapon
Roman Rudenko
Anatoly Savenko
Nina Kukharchuk-Khrushcheva
Raisa Titarenko
Vasily Lanovoy
Nikita Dzhigurda
Viktor Medvedchuk
Petro Symonenko
Gennady Timchenko
Viktor Bout
Marina Ovsyannikova (Tkachuk)
Yury Dud
Aleksey Alchevsky
Irina Linnik
Darya Moroz
Helen Yarmak
Nikolay Dupak
Angelina Vovk
Viktor Pshonka
Illia Kyva
Alexander Vertinsky
Anastasiya Vertinskaya
Svetlana Mironyuk
Nikolay V. Storozhenko
Artemy Tereshchenko
Stanislav Meleiko
Sergey Fursenko
Natasha Stefanenko
Ludmilla Radchenko
Aleksei Petrenko
Ivan Karpenko-Karyi
Natalya Andreychenko
Olga Naumenko
Bogdan Khanenko
John Rudenko
Vitali Kishchenko
Aleksey Fedorchenko
Academy Award-winning Soviet film director Sergei Bondarchuk
Nikolai Gogol
Taras Shevchenko
Alexander Dovzhenko
Anna Akhmatova (Gorenko)
Yevgeny Yevtushenko
Nikolai Ostrovsky
Korney Chukovsky
Leonid Gaidai
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Alexander Rodchenko
Eduard Limonov (Savenko)
Vladimir Korolenko
Mikhail Zoshchenko
Arkady Averchenko
Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko
Larisa Shepitko
Kir Bulychev (Igor Mozheiko)
David Burliuk
Yuri Shevchuk
Anna Politkovskaya
Dmitry Bortniansky
Konstantin Paustovsky
Dmitry Levitzky
Vera Brezhneva (Halushka)
Natasha Korolyova (Porivai)
Svetlana Loboda
Maybe Baby (Viktoriya Lysyuk)
Anastasia Stotskaya
Ani Lorak
Eldzhey(Alexey Uzenyuk)
Katya Kischuk
Roman Viktyuk
Vasiliy Vakulenko (Basta)
Irina Zabiyaka
Vera Kamsha
Taisia Povaliy
Nikolay Samokish
Vladimir Orlovsky
Mark Poltoratsky
Anna Netrebko
Olga Krasko
Ilya Lagutenko
Lev Leshchenko
Daria Serenko
Alla Osipenko
Sergei Nikonenko
Vladislav Chernushenko
Vasili Eroshenko
Sergei Vasilenko
Maria Pakhomenko
Ivan Mozgovenko
Vladimir Khotinenko

Culture

Sports

Vladislav Tretiak
Roman Pavlyuchenko
Fedor Emelianenko
Alexander Emelianenko
Artem Dzyuba
Vladimir Kramnik
Alexander Grischuk
Alexandra Kosteniuk
Lyudmila Rudenko
Kateryna Lagno
Kirill Alekseenko
Andrey Esipenko
Anton Demchenko
Anton Babchuk
Kostiantyn Kasianchuk
Alex Galchenyuk
Filipp Metlyuk
Pavel Datsyuk
Roman Derlyuk
Alexander Korolyuk
Nikolay Davydenko
Maria Kirilenko
Andrei Kirilenko
Anatoliy Tymoshchuk
Evgeni Plushenko
Vladimir Kuts
Viktor Kravchenko (athlete)
Andrei Zakharenko
Aleksei Tishchenko
Tatyana Navka
Nataliya Pohrebnyak
Anna Pogorilaya
Valentyn Oletsky
Mikhail Nemirovsky
Vitaly Vishnevskiy
Tetyana Kozyrenko
Kostyantyn Parkhomenko
Oleg Goncharenko
Leonid Tkachenko
Ignat Zemchenko
Vyacheslav Litovchenko
Roman Voloshenko
Vyacheslav Trukhno
Gleb Klimenko
Denys Holaydo
Hryhoriy Nosko
Alina Lysenko
Dmitry Popko
Maksim Borisko
Vitaly Teslenko
Vyacheslav Timchenko (ice hockey)
Alexander Shlemenko
Valery Kornienko
Maryan Plakhetko
Sergey Khandozhko
Vladislav Kulik
Stanislav Matyash
Anastasia Shlyakhovaya
Anatoli Zinchenko
Oxana Slivenko
Leonid Nazarenko
Vitaly Shevchenko
Natalya Zinchenko
Petr Ignatenko
Nikolai Stasenko
Alexey Toropchenko
Artem Zhmurko
Alyona Sidko
Andrey Melnichenko (skier)
Dmitry Malyshko
Oleg Vasilenko
Mikhail Grigorenko
Alexander Yeryomenko
Mikhail Fisenko
Anton Bukhanko
Pavel Valentenko
Denis Shvidki
Ivan Miroshnichenko (ice hockey)
Yuri Gunko
Denis Tolpeko
Svetlana Kolesnichenko
Anastasia Bukhanko
Marina Shamayko
Vitalia Diatchenko
Nikolai Skladnichenko
Andrei Kuzmenko
Igor Grigorenko
Alexey Marchenko
Alexei Tereshchenko
Vladimir Tarasenko
Leonid Zhabotinsky
Ivan Poddubny
Anton But
Vera Rebrik
Ivan Edeshko
Konstantin Yeryomenko
Irina Kirichenko
Mykhaylo Ishchenko
Oleh Leshchynskyi
Evgeni Semenenko
Tatiana Volosozhar
Sofiya Lyskun
Mikhail Polischuk
Mariia Seniuk
Oxana Kozonchuk
Olga Kucherenko
Olha Maslivets
Oleksandr Kasyan
Konstantin Pilipchuk (right) and Alexei Dudchenko at the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships
Anastasia Bliznyuk
Vladimir Tatarchuk (footballer, born 1987)
Krisztina Triscsuk
Kseniia Tsymbalyuk
Ivan Yaremchuk
Stepan Zakharchuk
Andrey Fedoriv
Kseniia Levchenko
Valentina Ivakhnenko
Sergey Shavlo
Viktor Petrenko
Svetlana Ponomarenko
Nikita Goylo
Sergei Boyko
Andrei Nikitenko
Vitali Stezhko
Mykhaylo Fomenko
Natalia Linichuk
Yaroslav Rakitskyi
Natalya Otchenash (Burdyga)
Stanislav Prychynenko
Ekaterina Dmitrenko
Victoria Demchenko
Elizaveta Malashenko
Alexandr Vasyukhno
Ksenia Klimenko
Sergei Prikhodko (footballer, born 1984)
Aleksey Pavlenko (skier)
Angelina Lazarenko
Antonina Rudenko
Yevgeni Yatchenko
Natalia Ishchenko
Angelina Goncharenko
Loran Alekno
Ekaterina Tkachenko
Nikolai Bochko
Ilia Tkachenko
Viktor Demidenko
Sergei Krashchenko
Natalia Shliakhtenko
Vladimir Maslachenko
Semen Pavlichenko
Dmitri Yaroshenko
Aleksey Ostapenko
Valentina Golubenko
Tatjana Lematschko
Vitaly Kurdchenko
Maria Bondarenko
Dmitri Gradilenko
Yekaterina Dyachenko
Yaroslava Bondarenko
Gennady Samosedenko
Yevgeniya Kolodko
Aleksandra Artyomenko


Science

Valentin Glushko
Vladimir Vernadsky
Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay
Nikolay Przhevalsky
Anton Makarenko
Trofim Lysenko
Mikhail Ostrogradsky
Igor Shafarevich
Stephen Timoshenko
Anatoly Fomenko
Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Leonid Kulik
Sergei Winogradsky
Danylo Zabolotny
Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy
Vasily Omelianski
Aleksandr Bogomolets
Nikolay Gamaleya
Mykhailo Maksymovych
George Kistiakowsky
Fyodor Pirotsky
Vladimir Lipsky
Danylo Zabolotny
Evgenii Przhevalsky
Nikolay Zelinsky
Nikolay Burdenko
Yuri Nesterenko (mathematician)
Igor Simonenko
Alexander Zasyadko (general)
Nikolay I. Storozhenko
Julian Simashko
Pyotr Kashchenko
Mikhail Vaschenko-Zakharchenko
Mikhail Kravchuk
Mikhail Kovalchuk
Marina Butovskaya
Maksim Kovalevsky
Fedir Vovk
Alexander Potebnja
Dmitry Grigorovich (engineer)
Dmitry Dubyago
Anatoly Shvidenko
Vladimir Martynenko
Vladimir Dybo
Mikhail Tsvet


Politics

Alexander Bezborodko
Dmitry Troshchinsky
Alexey Razumovsky
Valerian Safonovich
Vasily Kapnist
Grigory Kozitsky
Alexandra Kollontai
Viktor Kochubey
Alexander Tsiurupa
Alexander Yakovenko (diplomat)
Mikhail Rodzianko
Stepan Petrichenko
Mikhail Alekseyenko
Mikhail Tereshchenko
Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
Pavel Dybenko
Nikolai Podvoisky
Konstantin Chernenko
Nikolai Semashko
Vladimir Ivashko
Igor Gouzenko
Sergey Kiriyenko
Sergey Aleksashenko
Vasily Yurchenko
Georgy Poltavchenko
Viktor Khristenko
Andrey Ishchenko
Oleg Kozhemyako
Andrei Fursenko
Inna Svyatenko
Viktoria Abramchenko
Vladimir Strelchenko
Yury Savenko
Aleksey Kondratenko
Sergey Ivanenko
Viktor Gerashchenko
Tatyana Nesterenko
Yekaterina Kharchenko
Yelena Drapeko
Nikolai Gubenko
Svetlana Savchenko
Vladimir Semago
Alexander Yaroshuk
Alexey Overchuk
Sergey Kravchuk
Ilya Seredyuk
Maria Kostyuk
Sergey Yakhnyuk
Mikhail Sheremet
Irina Yarovaya
Sergei Storchak
Vasily Nebenzya
Natalia Poklonskaya
Alexei Navalny

Cosmonauts

Pavel Popovich
Yuri Romanenko
Yury Onufriyenko

Military

Ivan Paskevich
Peter Kaptzevich
Fyodor Bursak
Vasily Mirovich Standing over the Corpse of Ivan VI
Dmitry Neverovsky
Konstantin Poltoratsky
Vasily Perovsky
Ivan Grigorovich
Vasily Zavoyko
Iosif Gurko
Vasily Gurko
Vasiliy Pokotilo
Roman Kondratenko
Pavel Mishchenko
Władysław Wejtko
Vasili Yanchenko
Ivan Loiko
Kirill Razumovsky
Ivan Gudovich
Nikolai Linevich
Pavel Zelenoy
Vladimir Miklukha
Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky
Grigory Vakulenchuk
Rodion Malinovsky
Andrey Yeryomenko
Andrei Grechko
Yekaterina Zelenko
Yakov Fedorenko
Pavel Rybalko
Kirill Moskalenko
Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko
Ivan Mikhailichenko
Dmitry Lavrinenko
Alexander Utvenko
Alexander Samoylo
Mikhail Bondarenko (pilot)
Sergei Rudenko (general)
Ivan Sidorovich Lazarenko
Yevgraf Kruten
Boris Kovzan
Alexei Berest
Ivan Golubets
Timofei Strokach
Galina Dzhunkovskaya
Andrey Vitruk
Alexander Lebed
Pyotr Braiko
Nikolai Amelko
Aleksandr Golovko
Alexander Tatarenko (general)
Viktor Kravchuk
Sergei Pinchuk
Andrei Paliy
  • Ivan Afanasenko – Red Army Sergeant and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Vladimir Aleksenko – ground-attack aviation squadron and regimental commander during World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Ilya Alekseyenko – Red Army major general
  • Nikolai Amelko – Soviet naval commander and admiral
  • Kornei Andrusenko – Soviet colonel
  • Maksim Antoniuk – Soviet general
  • Pavel Antseborenko – Soviet soldier who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously
  • Iosif Apanasenko – Soviet division commander
  • Fyodor Arkhipenko – flying ace of the Soviet Air Force during the Second World War and recipient of the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Stepan Artyomenko – the commander of a battalion of the 447th Rifle Regiment in the Red Army during the Second World War, who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Fedir Babachenko – Junior Lieutenant and chief of intelligence in the 323rd Artillery Regiment of the 123rd Infantry Division in the 7th Army on the Northwestern Front during the Winter War
  • Vasily Bachilo – Soviet Army major general who held divisional command during the Cold War
  • Mikhail Badyuk – Soviet aviator in the 9th Guards Mine Torpedo Aviation Regiment of the 5th Mine-Torpedo Air Division in the Northern Fleet's aviation division during the Second World War
  • Andrey Baklan – Soviet flying ace during World War II
  • Luka Basanets – Soviet military officer who led the Red Army's 140th Rifle Division
  • Pavel Batitsky – Soviet military leader awarded the highest honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1965 and promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1968
  • Georgy Bazilevich – Soviet komkor (corps commander)
  • Leonid Beda – ground-attack squadron commander in the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who went on to become a Lieutenant-General of Aviation.
  • Alexei Berest – Soviet political officer and one of the three Red Army soldiers who hoisted the Victory Banner
  • Ivan Bezugly – Soviet Red Army officer who served as commander of the Red Army's 5th Airborne Corps in 1941, the first airborne corps of the Red Army to fight in World War II after the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941
  • Sergey Bobruk – Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Modest Ivanovich Bogdanovich – Russian Imperial lieutenant-general and military historian
  • Mikhail Bondarenko (pilot) – navigator and squadron commander in the 198th Assault Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his ground-attack sorties on the Il-2 during the war
  • Mikhail Grigoryevich Bondarenko – captain-lieutenant in Soviet Navy during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his actions in the Kerch-Eltigen operation
  • Mikhail Ivanovich Bondarenko (1901–1943) – artillerist of the Soviet Army during World War II
  • Mariya Borovichenko – Soviet medical officer
  • Stepan Borozenets – Soviet Air Force colonel and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Ivan Boyko – the commander of the 69th Guards Tank Regiment and later the 64th Guards Tank Brigade during World War II; he was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his successful combat leadership
  • Pyotr Braiko – Soviet soldier during the Second World War who gained the status of Hero of the Soviet Union following the conflict
  • Filipp Braylyan – Soviet Army major general who held divisional commands during World War II
  • Alexei Burdeinei – Soviet general
  • Fyodor Bursak – Russian Imperial General and an ataman (Cossack military chieftain) of the Black Sea Cossack Host
  • Andrei Chabanenko – Soviet admiral, commander of the Northern Fleet
  • Aleksandr Chaiko – army officer who is currently the commander of the Eastern Military District since 12 November 2021
  • Aleksandr Chayko - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces since 2026
  • Yakov Cherevichenko – Soviet military leader and colonel general
  • Yan Chernyak – World War II era spy who led a network of several dozen people in Germany working for the Soviet Union's military intelligence, the GRU
  • Grigory Ivanovich Davidenko – Soviet reconnaissance pilot and navigator in the Baltic Fleet during the Great Patriotic War who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Grigory Mitrofanovich Davidenko – Soviet soldier, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944)
  • Vasily Davidenko (general) – Soviet military figure, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943)
  • Mikhail Denisenko – Red Army Major general and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Kuzma Derevyanko – general of the Red Army. He was the representative of the Soviet Union at the ceremonial signing of the written agreement that established the armistice ending the Pacific War, and with it World War II
  • Nikolai Dokashenko – Soviet Air Force officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War
  • Petro Doroshenko – Hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine (1665–1672) and a Russian voivode
  • Ivan Drachenko – Soviet Il-2 pilot and the only aviator awarded both the title Hero of the Soviet Union and been a full bearer of the Order of Glory.
  • Pavel Dubinda – sergeant in the Red Army during World War II and one of only four people that was both a full bearer of the Order of Glory and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Ivan Naumovich Dubovoy – Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War
  • Ivan Dubovoy – Soviet Army major general of tank forces and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Boris Dumenko – Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War
  • Fedir Dyachenko – Soviet sniper during World War II, credited with as many as 425 kills.
  • Nikolay Dyatlenko – Soviet officer, interrogator and translator who was part of a team that attempted to deliver a message of truce (sometimes referred to as an "ultimatum") to the German Sixth Army at the Battle of Stalingrad in January 1943
  • Galina Dzhunkovskaya – squadron navigator in 125th Guards Dive Bomber Regiment during the Second World War who was honored with the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 18 August 1945
  • Ivan Fedko – Soviet Komandarm 1st rank and army commander
  • Yakov Fedorenko, Soviet general during World War II
  • Semyon Fedorets – Soviet Air Force officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War
  • Nadezhda Fedutenko – Soviet Air Force officer and combat pilot
  • Dmitry Fesenko – Soviet Komkor (corps commander)
  • Sergey Fomenko, Soviet general
  • Savva Fomichenko – Soviet Army major general who held divisional command during World War II
  • Platon Gamaleya – Russian Imperial naval officer and navigation scientist. Gamaleya Rock, a rock formation in Antarctica, is named after him
  • Ilya Garkavy – Soviet komkor (corps commander)
  • Grigory Ges – Soviet Air Force officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War
  • Andrei Girich – Soviet Air Force major general and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Dmitry Glinka (aviator) – Soviet flying ace during World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his achievements, having scored 50 individual aerial victories by the end of the war.
  • Boris Glinka – Soviet flying ace during World War II with over 20 solo shootdowns.
  • Pyotr Gnido – Soviet fighter pilot during World War II who was credited with 34 solo and 6 shared aerial victories, and recipient of the title of Hero of Soviet Union
  • Aleksandr Golovko – colonel general in the Russian military and commander of the Russian Space Forces since 1 August 2015
  • Arseniy Golovko – Soviet admiral
  • Arseny Golovko – Soviet admiral, whose naval service extended from the 1920s through the early Cold War
  • Ivan Golubets – Soviet sailor with the Black Sea Fleet
  • Filipp Gorelenko – Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Aleksandr Gorgolyuk – Soviet fighter pilot in World War II
  • Petro Grigorenko – Soviet Army commander, who in his fifties became a dissident and a writer, one of the founders of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union
  • Ivan Grigorovich served as Imperial Russia's last Naval Minister from 1911 until the onset of the 1917 revolution
  • Ivan Gudovich – Russian noble and military leader
  • Iosif Gurko – prominent Russian field marshal during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
  • Vasily Gurko – Chief-of-Staff of the Imperial Russian Army before being forced out of the country in exile following the October Revolution of 1917
  • Vasyl Herasymenko – Soviet military leader
  • Petro Hryhorenko – Soviet Army general, professor of cybernetics at the Frunze Military Academy and chairman of its cybernetic section who became a dissident and a writer
  • Mikhail Ivasik – Soviet sniper in World War II who personally killed over 300 Nazis
  • Stanislav Jermak – military man and rocket and space systems scientist
  • Peter Kaptzevich – general who participated in the Napoleonic Wars
  • Pyotr Karamushko – Red Army colonel who held division command during World War II
  • Ivan Kharchenko – Soviet Army engineering colonel
  • Vasily Khomenko – Soviet army commander, and lieutenant general
  • Nikolai Kirtok – Soviet pilot who served during World War II
  • Dmitry Klimenko – artillery officer and military commander, participant in the first and second Chechen wars, Hero of the Russian Federation (2000)
  • Pavel Klimenko – major general
  • Konstantin Kobets – army general
  • Sergey Kobylash – military officer who has been the Commander of the Russian Air Force and a Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces since July 2024
  • Fyodor Kolchuk – Soviet military officer
  • Trofim Kolomiets – Soviet Army commander
  • Roman Kondratenko – general in the Imperial Russian Army famous for his devout defense of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905
  • Matvey Kononenko – Soviet general
  • Ivan Kopyak – Red Army major general who held division command during World War II
  • Leonid Korniyets – Soviet lieutenant general during WW2, participated in Soviet partisan movement in Ukraine
  • Oleg Koshevoy – Soviet partisan and one of the founders of the clandestine organization Young Guard, which fought the Nazi forces in Krasnodon during World War II between 1941 and 1945
  • Pyotr Koshevoy – Soviet military commander and a Marshal of the Soviet Union
  • Nikolai Kostechko – officer of the Soviet Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) and its Russian successor, the Main Directorate of the General Staff
  • Fyodor Kostenko – Soviet corps and army commander
  • Pyotr Kotlyarevsky – Russian Imperial officer, known for his service in the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), where he won many battles against Iran
  • Arkady Kovachevich – Soviet flying ace and regimental commander during World War II who went on to become a general-lieutenant
  • Alexander Kovalevsky (general) – Russian Imperial Lieutenant General, participant in the Caucasus campaigns and the Crimean War, military lawyer
  • Yepifan Kovtyukh – Soviet corps commander
  • Boris Kovzan - Soviet fighter pilot and the only person to have executed four confirmed aerial rammings, referred to as taran attacks in the Soviet Union
  • Semyon Kozak – Soviet Army lieutenant general who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his command of a division during World War II
  • Ivan Kozhedub – Soviet World War II fighter ace, considered to be the highest-scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II
  • Sergey Kramarenko (pilot) – Soviet Air Force officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War
  • Alexander Kravchenko (revolutionary) – revolutionary, agronomist and partisan who fought against Admiral Kolchak's White forces in Siberia in 1919 during the Russian Civil War
  • Andrey Kravchenko (general) – commander of multiple tank units of the Red Army throughout World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Grigory Kravchenko – test pilot who became a flying ace and twice Hero of the Soviet Union in Asia before the start of Operation Barbarossa
  • Ivan Yakovlevich Kravchenko – Red Army major and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Valentina Kravchenko – squadron navigator during World War II and Hero of the Russian Federation
  • Viktor Kravchuk – Vice-Admiral, served as commander of the Caspian Flotilla between 2005 and 2009, and as commander of the Baltic Fleet between 2012 and 2016
  • Alexey Krivoruchko – statesman, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation responsible for military-technical provision (armament, special and military hardware)since June 13, 2018
  • Nikolai Krivoruchko – Russian and Soviet soldier
  • Yevgraf Kruten – World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories
  • Grigory Kulik – marshal of the Soviet Union
  • Sergey Kuralenko – military commander serving as the Head of the Main Directorate of Military Police of the Ministry of Defense of Russia
  • Andrey Kuzmenko (general) – the commander of the Eastern Military District from 20 April 2023 to May 2024
  • Anatoly Kvochur – Soviet and Russian test pilot
  • Dmitry Lavrinenko – Soviet tank commander and Hero of the Soviet Union. He was the highest scoring tank ace of the Allies during World War II.
  • Ivan Sidorovich Lazarenko – Red Army major general and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Alexander Lebed – late Lieutenant General of Russia, 1996 Presidential candidate (Ukrainian origin)
  • Nikita Lebedenko – Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Nikolay Lebedenko – 20th century Imperial Russian military engineer
  • Dmitry Lelyushenko, Soviet military commander, his final actions in 1945 involved directing forces during the Red Army's attacks on both Berlin and Prague.
  • Anatoly Nikolayevich Levchenko – Soviet fighter pilot in the 655th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 40th Army of the Turkestan Military District during the Soviet–Afghan War
  • Gordey Levchenko – Soviet naval commander and admiral
  • Irina Levchenko – medic turned tank officer in the Red Army during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1965; she was also the first Soviet woman awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal
  • Nikolai Linevich – career military officer, General of Infantry (1903) and Adjutant general in the Imperial Russian Army in the Far East during the latter part of the Russo-Japanese War.
  • Ivan Loiko – World War I flying ace credited with six confirmed aerial victories
  • Dmitry Loza – Red Army Colonel and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Nikolai Lyashchenko – Soviet Army general
  • Spartak Makovsky – Soviet fighter pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union who became a flying ace during World War II, tallying an estimated 25 solo and three shared shootdowns
  • Alexander Marinesko – Soviet naval officer and, during World War II, the captain of the submarine S-13 which sank the German military transport ship Wilhelm Gustloff. The most successful Soviet submarine commander in terms of gross register tonnage (GRT) sunk.
  • Nikolai Martynyuk – Soviet vice admiral ʖ
  • Ivan Mashchenko – Red Army colonel
  • Vladimir Maslyuk – Rear admiral in the Russian Navy and a former chief of the Department of the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (1998–2005)
  • Aleksey Mazurenko – commander of the 7th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment in the Black Sea Fleet during World War II, who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union during the war and remained in the military afterwards, reaching the rank of General-major
  • Ilya Mazuruk – Soviet pilot and polar explorer
  • Ivan Mikhailichenko – Il-2 pilot in the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky – Russian Imperial military figure
  • Vladimir Miklukha – Russian Imperial Captain 1st Rank and war hero of the Russo-Japanese War
  • Alexander Mironenko – Soviet airborne senior sergeant and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Vasily Mirovich – lieutenant in the Imperial Russian Army's 25th Smolensk Infantry Regiment best known for his attempted but ultimately unsuccessful rescue of Ivan VI of Russia at Shlisselburg Fortress during the reign of Catherine the Great
  • Pavel Mishchenko – Imperial Russian career military officer and statesman of the Imperial Russian Army
  • Alexander Molodchy – Soviet long-range pilot who flew over 300 missions on the B-25, Il-4, and Yer-2 during World War II, WHO was the first person twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union during the war while alive
  • Ivan Moshlyak – Soviet major general who received the highest honorary title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1938 for his heroism during the Battle of Lake Khasan
  • Kirill Moskalenko – marshal of the Soviet Union
  • Mitrofan Moskalenko – officer of the Soviet Navy
  • Vasily Mykhlik – Ilyushin Il-2 pilot and squadron commander in the 566th Assault Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
  • Alexander Myshlayevsky – general during World War I
  • Nikolai Naumenko – Soviet military aviator who commanded the 4th Air and 15th Air Army during the Second World War.
  • Stepan Naumenko – Soviet MiG-15 pilot during the Korean War, credited as the first Soviet ace in the conflict
  • Anatoly Nedbaylo – Il-2 pilot in the 75th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Air Forces during the Second World War who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Dmitry Neverovsky – military officer and general who served in the Russo-Turkish War and the Napoleonic Wars
  • Yury Nimchenko – Russian military officer and politician serving as the senator from Crimea since 12 September 2024, was awarded the Hero of the Russian Federation title in 2022
  • Yevdokiya Nosal – junior lieutenant and deputy squadron commander in the 588th Night Bomber Regiment (nicknamed the "Night Witches" by the Germans) during World War II
  • Yakov Novichenko – Soviet military officer, notably protected Kim Il Sung, the first leader of North Korea, from an assassination attempt in 1946
  • Grigory Okhay – Soviet Air Force officer who fought in World War II and the Korean War
  • Nikolai Onoprienko – Red Army colonel and World War II Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Dmitry Onuprienko – Soviet Army lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Alexander Osipenko (pilot) – Soviet military aviator and, according to some accounts, the Soviet Air Forces' top ace in the Spanish Civil War
  • Polina Osipenko – Soviet military pilot
  • Oleg Ostapenko – the former director of Roscosmos, the federal space agency, retired Colonel General in the Russian Military, former Deputy Minister of Defence, and former commander of the Aerospace Defence Forces
  • Fyodor Ostashenko – Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Andrei Paliy – naval officer who served as the deputy commander of the Black Sea Fleet
  • Grigory Panchenko – Soviet Army major general and a Hero of the Soviet Union who held divisional commands during World War II
  • Mikhail Panikakha - Red Army soldier
  • Terentiy Parafilo – Soviet military commander
  • Alexander Parkhomenko – Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War
  • Feofan Parkhomenko – Soviet general
  • Vasilisa Pashchenko – radio operator in the Soviet Air Force during World War II who was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 2021.
  • Ivan Paskevich – Russian Imperial army Field Marshal
  • Yevdokiya Pasko – Soviet military pilot
  • Viktor Pavlenko – military officer in the service of the Russian Empire and both the Ukrainian Hetmanate and the Ukrainian People's Republic
  • Ivan Pavlovsky – Soviet military leader, Commander-in-Chief Ground Forces – Deputy Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union (1967–1980), and a General of the Army (1967)
  • Alexey Perelet – Soviet pilot who was the principal test pilot for military aircraft prototypes produced by Tupolev during World War II.
  • Vasily Perovsky – Russian general and statesman
  • Anatoly Petrakovsky – Soviet Army major general and Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Leonid Petrovsky – Soviet lieutenant general
  • Nikolai Pinchuk (pilot) – Soviet fighter pilot and flying ace during World War II who totaled 20 solo and 2 shared aerial victories
  • Sergei Pinchuk – officer of the Russian Navy, currently holds the rank of vice-admiral, and is deputy commander in chief of the Black Sea Fleet
  • Vasiliy Pokotilo – Governor general of Russian Turkestan from 1910 to 1911
  • Konstantin Poltoratsky – Yaroslavl Military and Civil Governor (1830–1842), lieutenant general of the Imperial Russian Army, a participant of five wars, including the French invasion of Russia
  • Panteleimon Ponomarenko – a Soviet statesman and politician and one of the leaders of Soviet partisan resistance during WW2
  • Alexander Prokhorenko – Russian Spetsnaz officer
  • Mikhail Puteiko – Red Army major general killed in action during World War II
  • Yevdokiya Rachkevich – deputy regimental commander and commissar of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (a.k.a., the "Night Witches") during the Second World War
  • Alexei Radzievsky – professional soldier of the Soviet Union who fought in the Second World War, commanding the 2nd Guards Tank Army during the Lublin–Brest offensive and afterwards
  • Kirill Razumovski – Field marshal of Russian Imperial Army
  • Alexei Razumovsky – Field marshal of Russian Imperial Army
  • Nikolai Reznichenko- military officer
  • Paul Rodzianko – Imperial Russian cavalry officer during WW1
  • Alexander Rodzyanko – officer of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and lieutenant-general and a corps commander of the White Army during the Russian Civil War
  • Alexander Romanchuk – colonel general in the Russian Armed Forces
  • Prokofy Romanenko – Soviet general
  • Ivan Rubanyuk – Soviet colonel general who rose to field army command during the Cold War
  • Sergei Rudenko (general) – Soviet Marshal of the aviation
  • Stepan Rybalchenko – Soviet Air Force colonel-general
  • Pavel Rybalko – commander of armoured troops in the Red Army during and following World War II.
  • Nikolai Rybko – decorated test pilot and lead engineer of the Gromov Flight Research Institute
  • Yuriy Sadovenko – army officer who served as the Deputy Minister of Defence from 2013 to 2024
  • Alexander Samoylo – commander in the Imperial Russian Army and Red Army during World War I and the Russian Civil War
  • Ivan Samoylovych - Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687
  • Aleksandra Samusenko – Soviet T-34 tank commander and a liaison officer during World War II
  • Alexey Schastny – Russian naval commander during World War I
  • Nikolai Semeyko – Soviet Il-2 pilot and navigator during World War II who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
  • Vasily Senko – Soviet Air Force colonel and the only navigator who was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Yakov Sheko – Red Army Komdiv
  • Sergey Sheyko – Hero of the Russian Federation, is a colonel in Russian Naval Infantry
  • Anatoly Shkirko – Soviet and Russian military leader, Colonel General who served as Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and commander-in-chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia from 1995 to 1997
  • Sergei Shtemenko – Soviet general who served as the Chief of the Soviet Armed Forces' General Staff from 1948 to 1952
  • Konstantin Sidenko – admiral
  • Ivan Sidorenko – Red Army officer and a Hero of the Soviet Union, who served during World War II
  • Nikolai Simoniak – General in the Soviet Army during World War II
  • Maxim Sinenko – Soviet Army lieutenant general of tank forces
  • Grigory Skiruta – WWII Red Army officer
  • Nikolai Skripko – commander of the 3rd long-range bombers' corps, then commander of the Air Force of the 5th Army and deputy commander of the Air Force of the Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)
  • Alexey Skulachenko – Red Army kombrig executed during the Great Purge
  • Zakhar Slyusarenko – WWII tank officer and brigade commander, twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Konstantin Smeshko - military commander who was deputy chief of the Engineer Troops (starting in 2017) and a major general
  • Igor Smolyak – Rear-Admiral, and served as commander of the Leningrad Naval Base between 2015 and 2016, and as commander of the Nakhimov Black Sea Higher Naval School between 2016 and 2017
  • Valery Solodchuk – officer of the Russian Army
  • Piotr Soprunenko – Soviet Major-General in the Red Army who carried out the Katyn Massacre in World War II
  • Mikhail Stakhursky – Soviet Lieutenant General
  • Dmitry Staroselsky – Russian Imperial general and bureaucrat who served as a Governor of Baku from 1872 to 1875 and Chief of the Administration of the Viceroy of the Caucasus from 1878 to 1884
  • Bogdan Stashinsky – KGB officer and spy who assassinated the Ukrainian nationalist leaders in the late 1950s
  • Grigory Stelmakh – Soviet military commander
  • Ivan Stepanenko – Soviet WWII flying ace with over 30 solo victories
  • Timofei Strokach – prominent military figure of the Soviet NKVD and KGB
  • Vladimir Sudets – Soviet air commander during World War II, commanding the 17th Air Army, and later became Marshal of the aviation after the war
  • Vladimir Sudets – Soviet WWII air commander, later marshal of aviation
  • Stepan Suprun – Soviet test pilot who tested over 140 aircraft types during his career
  • Pavel Taran – WWII Il-4 pilot, twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Ivan Taranenko – Soviet WWII fighter ace, later a general
  • Viktor Taranovsky – Major General of the First World War
  • Alexander Tatarenko (general) – lieutenant general who was the commander of the 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army of the Central Military District (2016–2020), commander of the 11th Air and Air Defence Forces Army of the Eastern Military District (2013–2015). Lieutenant General (2015)
  • Mitrofan Tchaikovsky – infantry general, commandant of the Ivangorod fortress, commander of the 3rd Army Corps (Russian Empire)
  • Semyon Timoshenko – Marshal of the Soviet Union
  • Andrey Titenko – Soviet soldier who served during World War II and recipient of the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Igor Tkachenko – military pilot with the rank of Colonel, Russian Knights group leader, Chief of the 237th Guards Aviation Showing Center of the Russian Air Force at Kubinka air base
  • Grigory Tkhor – Soviet aviator, Spanish Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War volunteer, and major general of the Soviet Air Force
  • Ivan Tretyak – Soviet general who served in various positions in the Soviet Armed Forces including as commander of the Soviet Air Defence Forces
  • Sergei Trofimenko – Soviet military commander, active in the Russian Civil War and Second World War
  • Yefim Trotsenko – Colonel-general of Soviet Union
  • Mikhail Tsiselsky – Soviet naval pilot during World War II who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Nikolai Tsymbal – Soviet military officer
  • Erast Tsytovich – Imperial Russian military commander
  • Ivan Turkenich – Soviet partisan, one of the leaders of the underground anti-Nazi organization Young Guard, which operated in Krasnodon district during World War II between 1941 and 1944
  • Yuriy Tyutyunnyk – Russian Imperial Officer
  • Yelena Ubiyvovk – WWII partisan and leader of a Komsomol cell
  • Nina Ulyanenko – navigator, pilot and flight commander in the women's 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment
  • Matvei Usenko – major general of the Red Army during the Second World War
  • Nikolai Usenko – Red Army soldier, Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Alexander Utvenko – Red Army Lieutenant general
  • Grigory Vakulenchuk – sailor, organizer, and leader of the uprising on the Russian battleship Potemkin
  • Matvei Vasilenko – Soviet komkor (corps commander)
  • Pyotr Vershigora – one of the leaders of the Soviet partisan movement in Ukraine, Belarus and Poland
  • Ivan Vertelko – officer of the Soviet military who held a number of posts in the Soviet Tank Forces, and later the Soviet Border Forces, reaching the rank of colonel general
  • Aleksandr Vitko – retired officer of the Russian Navy, and a former commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet between April 2013 and June 2018
  • Andrey Vitruk – Soviet Air Force general
  • Ilya Vlasenko – Hero of the Soviet Union (1943)
  • Aleksey Vlasenko – Soviet general
  • Vladimir Sergeyevich Vysotsky – Russian admiral and Commander of the Russian Northern Fleet
  • Władysław Wejtko – general of the Imperial Russian Army
  • Vasily Yakovenko – Soviet military commander and politician who organised Red Army partisan divisions in Siberia during the Russian Civil War
  • Vasili Yanchenko – World War I flying ace credited with 16 aerial victories
  • Nikolai Yegipko – Soviet Navy officer, Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Andrey Yeryomenko – Soviet general during World War II and, subsequently, a Marshal of the Soviet Union
  • Aleksei Gordeyevich Yeryomenko (1906–1942), Soviet military officer pictured in a famous World War II photograph
  • Dimitri Mikhailovich Youzefovitch – Russian nobleman from the Poltava region, most notable for serving as a general in the Napoleonic Wars, especially his leadership of the force which besieged Metz in 1814
  • Maksym Zalizniak – Cossack and leader of the Koliivshchyna rebellion
  • Ivan Zaporozhets – Soviet security officer and official of the OGPU-NKVD
  • Vasily Zavoyko – an admiral in the Russian Imperial navy, In 1854, during the Crimean War, he led the successful defence against the Siege of Petropavlovsk by the allied British-French troops
  • Vasily Zavoyko – Russian admiral, successfully defended against the Siege of Petropavlovsk
  • Yekaterina Zelenko – WWII Soviet Su-2 pilot, flew during Winter War
  • Pavel Zelenoy – admiral, governor of Taganrog and Odessa.
  • Gennady Zhidko – colonel general of the Russian Armed Forces, was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 2017 for his service as chief of staff of Russian forces deployed to Syria
  • Yevgeniya Zhigulenko – WWII Soviet Air Force pilot and navigator, Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Filipp Zhmachenko – Soviet Army general, Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Nikolai Zhugan – Air Force major general, a pilot during World War II, and Hero of the Soviet Union (1944)
  • Fedor Zinchenko – Soviet officer who commanded the 150th Rifle Division's 756th Regiment during the Storming of the Reichstag.
  • Fyodor Zozulya – admiral of the Soviet Navy
  • Georgy Zozulya – WWII ground-attack pilot in the Soviet Air Force

Business

  • Oleksiy Alchevsky – industrialist, established the first finance group in Russia.
  • Viktor Bout – arms dealer
  • Leonid Fedun – billionaire businessman
  • Dmitry Gerasimenko – businessman, industrialist
  • Vladimir Ivanenko – businessman, founded first private cable and television network in USSR
  • Boris Kamenka – entrepreneur and banker in the Russian Empire. He was one of the richest people in Russia before the Russian Revolution.
  • Artur Kirilenko – entrepreneur, property developer
  • Mikhail Kovalchuk – physicist and official
  • Yury Kovalchuk – billionaire businessman and financier who is "reputed to be Vladimir Putin's personal banker"
  • Vladimir Kovalevsky – statesman, scientist and entrepreneur
  • Serhiy Kurchenko – businessman and founder/owner of the group of companies "Gas Ukraine 2009" specializing in trading of liquefied natural gas. Kurchenko is also the former owner and president of FC Metalist Kharkiv and the Ukrainian Media Holding group.Since 2014 lives in Russia.
  • Sergei Magnitsky – Ukrainian-born Russian tax advisor and prisoner
  • Andrey Melnichenko – billionaire entrepreneur
  • Alexander Ponomarenko – billionaire businessman who made his fortune in banking, sea ports, commercial real estate and airport construction
  • Petro Prokopovych – founder of commercial beekeeping and the inventor of the first movable frame hive
  • Vladimir Stolyarenko – banker
  • Viacheslav Suprunenko – major shareholder of ASVIO BANK, owner of asset management company ASVIO and president of law firm "Pravozahisnyk"

Other

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Asian Russia statistics exclude the Caucasus.

References

  1. ↑ Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  2. ↑ "Арена в PDF : Некоммерческая Исследовательская Служба "Среда"". Sreda.org. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  3. ↑ Val, Парк ГорькогоAddress: Moscow Krymsky. "Andreevsky Monastery". Gorky Park. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  4. 1 2 Kagramanov, Yuri (2006). Война языков на Украине [The War of Languages in Ukraine]. Novy Mir (8). magazines.russ.ru. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  5. ↑ Kubiyovych, p. 2597.
  6. ↑ 1897 Census on Demoscope.ru Retrieved Archived 28 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine on 20 May 2007.
  7. ↑ Kulchitskyi, Stanislav (26 January 2006). Імперія та ми [The Empire and We]. Den (in Ukrainian) (9). day.kyiv.ua. Retrieved 19 March 2007.
  8. ↑ "Nearly 3.5 million Ukrainians work in Russia". unian.info. 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  9. ↑ Yelchenko wants Ukrainian secondary school to operate in Moscow, Kyiv Post (19 August 2010)
  10. 1 2 "Why ethnopolitics doesn't work in Ukraine". al-Jazeera. 9 April 2019.
  11. ↑ Russia's Ukrainian minority under pressure, Al Jazeera English (25 April 2014)
    A ghost of World War II history haunts Ukraine's standoff with Russia, Washington Post (25 March 2014)
  12. ↑ Walker, Shaun (25 August 2015). "Russian court jails Ukrainian film-maker for 20 years over terror offences". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  13. 1 2 "Disappearing books: How Russia is shuttering its Ukrainian library". Reuters. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  14. 1 2 Weir, Fred (1 December 2015). "Ukrainian refugees in Russia: Did Moscow fumble a valuable resource?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  15. ↑ "Ukrainian refugees in Russian Federation". Civic Assistance Committee. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  16. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Catherine A. (4 July 2014). "Russia This Week: How Many Refugees Are There from Ukraine?". The Interpreter. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  17. ↑ "Ukraine: UNHCR Operational Update, 01 – 30 November 2017". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  18. ↑ "The Russian Federation, November 2017" (PDF). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR factsheet). 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  19. ↑ Malinkin, Mary Elizabeth; Nigmatullina, Liliya (4 February 2015). "The Great Exodus: Ukraine's Refugees Flee to Russia". The National Interest. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  20. ↑ "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)". UNHCR. 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  21. ↑ "Human rights concerns related to forced displacement in Ukraine". OHCHR. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  22. ↑ "UN says 'credible' reports Ukraine children transferred to Russia". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  23. ↑ Court, Elsa (22 January 2024). "Zelensky signs decree recognizing some Russian territories as historically inhabited by Ukrainians". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  24. ↑ Demoscope.ru, 1897 census results for the Kuban Oblast Archived 28 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  25. 1 2 3 Derluguian, Georgi M.; Cipko, Serge (December 1997). "The politics of identity in a Russian borderland province: the Kuban neo-Cossack movement, 1989–1996". Europe-Asia Studies. 49 (8). Archived from the original on 18 November 2004 – via FindArticles.
  26. ↑ Ukraine and Ukrainians Throughout the World, edited by A.L. Pawliczko, University of Toronto Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8020-0595-0
  27. ↑ Shambarov, Valery (2007). Kazachestvo Istoriya Volnoy Rusi. Algoritm Expo, Moscow. ISBN 978-5-699-20121-1.
  28. ↑ Kuban Okrug from the 1926 census demoscope.ru
  29. ↑ Zakharchenko, Viktor (1997). Народные песни Кубани [Folk songs of the Kuban]. geocities.com (in Russian). Archived from the original on 11 February 2002. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
  30. ↑ Kaiser, Robert (1994). The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. ISBN 0-691-03254-8.
  31. ↑ Demoscope.ru Soviet Census of 1989, population distribution in region by region of birth.Retrieved 13 November 2007
  32. ↑ "Russian census 2002". Retrieved 22 April 2007.
  33. ↑ Trylenko, Larysa (29 December 1991). "The coup: Ukrainians on the barricades". The Ukrainian Weekly. LIX (52). ukrweekly.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2006.
  34. ↑ Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года – Москва [National Population Census 2002 – Moscow] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  35. ↑ "Kyiv-appointed head of Ukrainian Cultural Center in Moscow intimidated by Russian personnel". Unian.info. 21 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  36. ↑ Kraliuk, Petro (7 July 2009). "Mazepa's many faces: constructive, tragic, tragicomic". The Day. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  37. ↑ Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года – Санкт Петербург [National Population Census 2002 – St. Petersburg] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  38. ↑ "Vladimir Putin's right-hand woman is Valentina Matviyenko, a Ukrainian-born politician who passionately supports his war". RNZ. 11 June 2022.
  39. ↑ Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года – Приморский край [National Population Census 2002 – Primorsky Krai] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 19 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  40. ↑ Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года: Приморский край [Russian Population Census 2002: Primorsky Krai] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. 2002. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  41. ↑ Zhelty Klin website
  42. ↑ Открытое письмо Комиссару национальных меньшинств ОБСЕ господину Максу Ван дер Стулу [Open letter to the Commissioner for National Minorities for the OSCE, Mr. Max van der Stoel] (in Russian). Ukrainians of Russia – Kobza. 30 September 2000. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2007: Open letter to the OSCE from the Union of Ukrainians in the Urals.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  43. ↑ Гарантуйте нам в Росії життя та здоров'я! [Guarantee us life and health in Russia!] (in Ukrainian). Ukrainians of Russia – Kobza. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2007: Letter to President Putin from the Union of Ukrainians in Bashkiria.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  44. ↑ Nalyvaichenko, Valentyn (26 January 2011). "Nalyvaichenko to OSCE: Rights of Ukrainians in Russia systematically violated". KyivPost. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011.
  45. ↑ Таблица 22. Украинцы в структуре населения регионов России (численность и удельный вес), переписи 1897–2010 гг. / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с. (Russian)
  46. ↑ Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации 2010 г. [National composition of the population of the Russian Federation in 2010]. Russian Federation – Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  47. ↑ Lozynskyj, Askold S. (30 January 2002). "The Ukrainian World Congress regarding the census in Russia". Ukrainians of Russia – Kobza. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007.
  48. ↑ "The first Catholic church in Russia built in the Byzantine style has been blessed". ugcc.org.ua. 24 October 2007. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007.
  49. ↑ Украинцы в России: еще братья, но уже гости – О "средне-потолочной" гипотезе про 4 миллиона "заробітчан" в РФ и бесславном конце "Родной Украины" [Ukrainians in Russia: still brothers, but now guests – On the "medium ceiling" hypothesis on 4 million "(Ukrainian) workers" in the RF and the inglorious end of "Mother Ukraine"] (in Russian). Ukrainians of Russia – Kobza. 18 June 2006. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007.

Bibliography

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