Portal:Punjab

The Punjab Portal

Introduction

Punjab (/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ pun-JAHB; Punjabi: Panjāb, pronounced [pəɲˈd͡ʒaːb] ^ⓘ) is a geographical, ethnolinguistic, and historical region in South Asia, located in its northwestern part, comprising areas of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Lahore is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities including Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, and Sialkot in Pakistan; alongside Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, and Patiala in India.

Human settlements in Punjab developed along its five rivers as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, followed by migrations of the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and is considered an important element of Punjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan."

The boundaries of the region are imprecisely defined and depend on historical and ethnographic definitions, and thus the geographical meaning of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. During the existence British India, from 1849 till 1901, the Punjab Province encompassed the present Indian states and union territories of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, and Delhi, and the Pakistani regions of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Islamabad Capital Territory. After the Partition of British India in 1947, it was divided into West and East Punjab; East Punjab was further divided into Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh in 1966 by India.

The predominant ethnolinguistic group of the Punjab region are the Punjabi people, who speak the Indo-Aryan Punjabi language of South Asia. Punjabi Muslims are the majority in Pakistani Punjab, while Punjabi Sikhs are the majority in Indian Punjab. Other religious groups include Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Christians, Jains, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, and Ravidassias. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Golden Temple

Amritsar, also known as Ambarsar, is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. Located in the Majha region, it is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district. It is situated 217 km (135 mi) north-west of Chandigarh, and 455 km (283 mi) north-west of New Delhi. It is 28 km (17.4 mi) from the India-Pakistan border, and 47 km (29 mi) north-east of Lahore, Pakistan.

According to the 2011 census, the city had a population of 1,132,383. It is one of the ten municipal corporations in the state; Karamjit Singh Rintu is serving as the mayor of the city. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Amritsar is the second-most populous city in Punjab and the most populous metropolitan region in the state, with a population of roughly 2 million. Amritsar is the centre of the Amritsar Metropolitan Region. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

General images

Image 1Contemporary painting of the Battle of Sobraon in 1846. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 2Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site. (from Punjab)
Image 3Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)
Image 4Arains in Lahore (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 5The charge of the British 16th Lancers at Aliwal on 28 January 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War (from Sikh Empire)
Image 6Detail from ‘Darbar (royal court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’, gouache, ca.1850 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 7Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)
Image 8A letter sent from the King of France, Louis-Philippe to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as "Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab". 27 October 1835 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 9Rig Veda, the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region. (from Punjab)
Image 10A 17th-century painting by Charles Le Brun depicting the battle of King Porus against Alexander the Great. (from Punjab)
Image 11The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh is located in Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the Badshahi Mosque (from Sikh Empire)
Image 12Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)
Image 13Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass (from Sikh Empire)
Image 14Map of the Punjab Province (British India) (from Punjab)
Image 15The Malot Temple, constructed by Odi Shahi dynasty in Gandhara-Nagara style in the 10th century CE (from Punjab)
Image 16Rajputs in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 17Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849) (from Punjab)
Image 18The Indian subcontinent in 1805. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 19Map of the Punjab Province in 1947. Purple showing princely states, red showing direct British rule. (from Punjab)
Image 20Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 21Jats in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 22Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin, and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 23Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in Basant (yellow) (from Sikh Empire)
Image 24
Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
(from Sikh Empire)
Image 25Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire (from Sikh Empire)
Image 26
The dominant mother tongue in each District of Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistan Census
(from Punjab)
Image 27The snow-covered Himalayas (from Punjab)
Image 28Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, c. 1830 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 29Illustration of Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (from Punjab)
Image 30Sikh Empire (green) in northwest India in 1823 (from Punjab)
Image 31Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)
Image 32The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The Cis-Sutlej states are visible south of the Sutlej River (from Sikh Empire)
Image 33Ranjit Singh, c. 1830. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 34Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (from Sikh Empire)

Selected biography -

Salam in 1987

Mohammad Abdus Salam (/sæˈlæm/; 29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current". He was the first Pakistani, and second person from any Muslim country (after Anwar Sadat of Egypt) to win a Nobel Prize.

Salam was scientific advisor to the Ministry of Science and Technology in Pakistan from 1960 to 1974, a position from which he played a major and influential role in the development of the country's science infrastructure. Salam contributed to numerous developments in theoretical and particle physics in Pakistan. He was the founding director of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO). For this, he is viewed as the "scientific father" of this program. In 1974, Abdus Salam departed from his country in protest after the Parliament of Pakistan unanimously passed a parliamentary bill declaring members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community, to which Salam belonged, non-Muslim. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies

Selected picture -

Darbar (court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the Panjab Empire
Credit: Edwin Binney

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WikiProject Punjab

WikiProject Punjab was formed to foster better articles on the region of Punjab with a spirit of cooperation. The project is a home base that provides a place for Wikipedians (editors) to discuss issues, while share information and resources regarding improvements to Punjabi related articles, which can be discussed at the project's talk page. To join WikiProject Punjab (anyone may join), simply list your username on the members page. Editors are also encouraged to participate in the more regional and/or topic specific WikiProject 's as listed below.