Hans Röhrig

Hans Roehrig
Born(1919-11-04)4 November 1919
Hindenburg, Upper Silesia
Died13 July 1943(1943-07-13) (aged 23)
near Siracusa, Sicily
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Branch
 Luftwaffe
Service years
1939–1943
Rank
Hauptmann
UnitErpr.Gr. 210, JG 53
Conflicts
World War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Hans Roehrig (4 November 1919 – 13 July 1943) was a former German Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Hans Roehrig was credited with 75 victories. He recorded 56 victories over the Eastern Front and 19 victories recorded over the Western Front.

Early life and career

Roehrig was born on 4 November 1919 in Hindenburg in the Province of Upper Silesia, present-day Zabrze, Poland.[1] He joined the military service of the Luftwaffe and after flight and fighter pilot training,[Note 1] Roehrig was posted to Erprobungsgruppe 210, an operational test unit flying the Messerschmitt Bf 110 in a fighter-bomber and ground-attack capacity. With this unit, he flew fighter-bomber missions over England during the Battle of Britain.[3]

Fighter pilot career

On early May 1941, Roehrig was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) and transferred to 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing).[4] At the time, the Staffel was commanded by Hauptmann Werner Ursinus and subordinated to I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 53 headed by Hauptmann Hans-Heinrich Brustellin. The Gruppe had just received the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F variant and was based at Crécy-en-Ponthieu.[5]

In preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, JG 53 arrived in Mannheim-Sandhofen on 8 June 1941 where the aircraft were given a maintenance overhaul. On 12 June, the Geschwader began its relocation east, with I. Gruppe moving to Krzewica, located approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) west of Brest.[6] Here, JG 53 was subordinated to Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2) and was deployed on the right flank of Army Group Centre.[7]

Following the German advance, the Gruppe reached an airfield at at Hostynne on 30 June.[8] Here on 4 July, Roehrig sustained minor injuries during a takeoff accident when his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 6726—factory number) flipped over at the airfield.[9]

He recorded his first victory on 25 July, when he shot down a Russian DB-3 twin-engine bomber.

In December, I. Gruppe of JG 53 was moved to the Mediterranean theatre at Gela in Sicily.[10] Here, Roehrig flew missions over Malta but was unable to add any further victory during this time. In early May 1942, I. Gruppe handed its aircraft over to those units staying in Sicily and relocated to Schwäbisch Hall. There, the Gruppe was equipped with a full complement of factory new Bf 109 F-4.[11]

Back on the Eastern Front

In support of Case Blue, the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia, I. Gruppe of JG 53 began its relocation to the Eastern Front on 28 May 1942, arriving at Kursk that evening. Based at Kursk for the next three weeks, I. Gruppe supported the 4th Panzer Army in its drive towards Voronezh. The first combat missions were flown on 31 May in the vicinity northeast of Kursk.[11] On 30 June 1942, Roehrig engaged in aerial combat with Soviet fighters east of Kshensky. In this engagement, his Bf 109 F-4 trop (Werknummer 10234—factory number) took a hit in the cabin, injuring Roehrig.[12] On 6 August, Roehrig was shot down in his Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 13480) and sustained minor injuries.[13] His victor may have been the Soviet ace Starshiy Leytenant Mikhail Baranov (183 IAP, 269 IAD) flying a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.[14][Note 2] At that time, Roehrig had eight victories to his credit. Roehrig claimed his 10th victory on 20 August. In September, Roehrig was particularly successful recording 39 victories during the month. In September 1942, Roehrig had reached 56 victories.

On 28 September 1942, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and ordered to Munich-Riem where they would be reequipped with the Bf 109 G-2 trop for redeployment in the Mediterranean theater.[15] Roehrig was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 2 October 1942 for 51 aerial victories claimed.[16]

Malta, North Africa and Sicily

On 10 October, I. Gruppe of JG 53 moved to Comiso Airfiled in Sicily.[17]

During October, the unit operated over Malta to participate into bomber escort missions. When British forces launched the Second Battle of El Alamein on 23 October, elements of I. Gruppe of JG 53 were ordered to North Africa.[18]

Squadron leader

In November 1942, Roehrig was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel of JG 53. He replaced Oberleutnant Franz Götz who had been appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 53, a Gruppe to which 9. Staffel was subordinated.[19] He successfully led the unit during the campaigns in Tunisia and Sicily. On 18 May 1943, Roehrig claimed a Lockheed P-38 Lightning twin-engine fighter aircraft shot down 70 kilometers (43 miles) northwest of Trapani. That day, the Western Allies had begun an air offensive in preparation for Operation Corkscrew, the invasion of Pantelleria, attacking airfields in Sicily and Sardinia. Returning from this attack, United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) P-38 fighters from the 14th Fighter Group and Luftwaffe fighters from both Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) and III. Gruppe of JG 53, engaged in aerial combat. In this encounter, Luftwaffe pilots claimed eleven aerial victories for the loss of one Bf 109 shot down, the pilot escaping unhurt. The USAAF pilots claimed five Bf 109s shot down, further claiming to have damaged five other German aircraft, for the loss of four of their own, one pilot became a prisoner of war, one was killed in action and two were reported as missing in action.[20]

On 9 July 1943, the Western Allies launched Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily.[21] In aerial combat with USAAF P-38 fighters from the 1st Fighter Group on 11 July, Röhrig claimed two P-38 aircraft shot down, his last two claims. He claimed his first P-38 of the day at 11:25 in a location 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) south of Pachino, and a second P-38 at 13:15 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) southwest Catania.[22]

Two days later on 13 July 1943, Roehrig led 9. Staffel of JG 53 on a fighter escort missions for Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft to drop Fallschirmjäger on the Catania plains. That day, he was last seen 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) west of Augusta.[23] Roehrig was shot down and killed in action in aerial combat by Supermarine Spitfire fighters in his Bf 109 G-4 trop (Werknummer 15063) in the area of Syracuse.[24][25] Roehrig was succeeded by Oberleutnant Franz Barten as commander of 9. Staffel.[26] Posthumously, Roehrig was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 September 1943.[4]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Roehrig was credited with 75 aerial victories.[27] Spick also lists him with 75 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of missions. This figure is made up of approximately 50 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, the remaining aerial victories were claimed over the Western Allies in the Meditareanean theater and includes one four-engine heavy bomber.[28] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 74 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure includes 58 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and another 16 over the Western Allies, including one four-engined bomber.[29]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 4927". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[30]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Roehrig an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Roehrig did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[31]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 7 August 1941
1 25 July 1941 18:50 DB-3[32] 3 3 August 1941 14:45 I-16[33]
2 30 July 1941 13:40 I-153 northeast of Bila Tserkva[33] 4 3 August 1941 14:50 V-11 (Il-2) east of Pervomaisk[33]
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[34]
Eastern Front — 28 May – 27 September 1942
5 5 June 1942 12:40 I-61 (MiG-3)[35] 32 11 September 1942 16:07 Pe-2 PQ 4927[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad
6 30 June 1942 10:40 Boston 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Kschen[37] 33 12 September 1942 06:02?[Note 3] La-5 PQ 4941[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Stalingrad
7 31 July 1942 13:58 Il-2 PQ 3915[39]
25 km (16 mi) northwest of Kalach		 34 12 September 1942 16:50 La-5 PQ 4941[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Stalingrad
8 31 July 1942 14:10 Il-2 PQ 3919[39]
vicinity of Kalach		 35 12 September 1942 16:57 La-5 PQ 4929[36]
40 km (25 mi) east of Stalingrad
9 5 August 1942 11:24 MiG-1 PQ 38161[40]
20 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Kotelnikovo		 36 13 September 1942 09:35 P-40 PQ 49164[36]
vicinity of Grebenka
10 6 August 1942 06:15 MiG-3 PQ 39891[40]
vicinity of Aksay		 37 13 September 1942 15:46 LaGG-3 PQ 4941[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Stalingrad
11 13 August 1942 10:12 LaGG-3 east of Stalingrad[41] 38 14 September 1942 16:07?[Note 4] LaGG-3 PQ 49471[42]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Stalingrad
12 20 August 1942 16:04 I-180 (Yak-7) PQ 49592[43]
50 km (31 mi) south of Stalingrad		 39 14 September 1942 16:48?[Note 5] LaGG-3 PQ 49472[42]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Stalingrad
13 20 August 1942 16:07 I-180 (Yak-7) PQ 49532[43]
30 km (19 mi) south of Stalingrad		 40 18 September 1942 10:55 Il-2 PQ 4057[44]
20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Stalingrad
14 21 August 1942 14:40 LaGG-3 PQ 4941[45]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Stalingrad		 41 18 September 1942 15:20 Yak-1 PQ 4913[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Grebenka
15 22 August 1942 12:30 Pe-2 PQ 5913[45]
50 km (31 mi) east-northeast of Stalingrad		 42 18 September 1942 15:29 Yak-1 PQ 4053[44]
65 km (40 mi) north of Grebenka
16 23 August 1942 12:20 MiG-1 PQ 4927[45]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad		 43 19 September 1942 09:27 Yak-1 PQ 49132[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Grebenka
17 24 August 1942 12:10 LaGG-3 PQ 4927[46]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad		 44 19 September 1942 09:32?[Note 6] Yak-1 PQ 49132[44]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Grebenka
18 28 August 1942 08:12?[Note 7] P-40 PQ 4943[46]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Stalingrad		 45 19 September 1942 09:33?[Note 8] Yak-1 PQ 49122[44]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Gumrak
19 29 August 1942 09:17 MiG-1 PQ 3946[46]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Bassargino		 46 19 September 1942 13:55 Yak-1 PQ 49432[47]
35 km (22 mi) east of Stalingrad
20 2 September 1942 14:55 Il-2 PQ 4918[48]
vicinity of Bassargino		 47♠ 20 September 1942 09:15 Yak-1 PQ 4913[47]
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Grebenka
21 4 September 1942 13:45 Il-2 PQ 4954[48] 48♠ 20 September 1942 11:55 P-40 PQ 4943[47]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Stalingrad
22 4 September 1942 13:50 Il-2 PQ 4956[48] 49♠ 20 September 1942 12:15 LaGG-3 PQ 4929[47]
40 km (25 mi) east of Stalingrad
23 8 September 1942 11:55 Il-2 PQ 5933[49]
80 km (50 mi) east of Stalingrad		 50♠ 20 September 1942 14:03?[Note 9] Yak-1 PQ 4945[47]
30 km (19 mi) southeast of Stalingrad
24 8 September 1942 16:40 Yak-1 PQ 4075[49] 51♠ 20 September 1942 14:12?[Note 10] Yak-1 PQ 4943[47]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Stalingrad
25 8 September 1942 17:10?[Note 11] U-2 PQ 5063[49]
75 km (47 mi) north of Pitomnik Airfield		 52 22 September 1942 16:27 Yak-1 PQ 4922[47]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Stalingrad
26 9 September 1942 10:50 Il-2 PQ 4055[49]
55 km (34 mi) north of Gumrak		 53 23 September 1942 09:18 Yak-1 PQ 4078[47]
20 km (12 mi) north of Gumrak
27 9 September 1942 10:53 Il-2 PQ 4055[49]
55 km (34 mi) north of Gumrak		 54 23 September 1942 09:21?[Note 12] Yak-1 PQ 4075[47]
30 km (19 mi) north of Gumrak
28 9 September 1942 17:45 Il-2 PQ 4043[49]
40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Stalingrad		 55 23 September 1942 16:26 Yak-1 PQ 4078[47]
30 km (19 mi) north of Gumrak
29 10 September 1942 08:34 Yak-1 PQ 4928[49]
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad		 56 24 September 1942 16:35 Yak-1 PQ 4079[47]
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Grebenka
30 10 September 1942 15:45 I-180 (Yak-7) PQ 4945[49]
30 km (19 mi) southeast of Stalingrad		 57 25 September 1942 13:52?[Note 13] Yak-1 PQ 49263[47]
35 km (22 mi) east of Stalingrad
31 11 September 1942 05:30 LaGG-3 PQ 4991[36]
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Stalingrad		 58 25 September 1942 14:02 Yak-1 PQ 49264[47]
35 km (22 mi) east of Stalingrad
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[38]
Mediterranean Theater — 1 October – 31 December 1942
59 12 October 1942?[Note 14] 11:07 Spitfire[50] Malta 60 12 October 1942?[Note 15] 11:08 Spitfire[50] Malta
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[51]
Mediterranean Theater — 1 January – 13 July 1943
?[Note 16] 24 January 1943 07:42 Spitfire 68 25 June 1943 12:06 B-17 Strait of Messina[53]
61?[Note 17] 29 January 1943 11:33 Boston 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Bizerte[52] 69 4 July 1943 13:15 B-25 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Gela[53]
62 18 May 1943 14:08 P-38 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Trapani[54] 70 6 July 1943 15:15 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Capo Passero[53]
63 19 May 1943 14:25 P-38 southeast of Sant'Antioco[54]
—
 9 July 1943
—
 P-40[53]
64 22 May 1943 16:15 P-38 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southeast of Marettimo[53] 71 9 July 1943 14:34 Boston 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Gela[53]
65 5 June 1943 15:09 B-25 60 km (37 mi) south-southwest of Porto Palo[53] 72 10 July 1943 19:35 Spitfire 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast of Syracuse[53]
66 7 June 1943 06:45 P-40 7 km (4.3 mi) east of Cape Bon[53] 73 11 July 1943 11:25 P-38 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Pachino[53]
67 13 June 1943 13:24 P-39 30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Pantellaria[53] 74 11 July 1943 13:15 P-38 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest Catania[53]

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings, and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[2]
  2. ↑ IAP—Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk (Fighter Aviation Regiment—Истребительный Авиационный Полк)
  3. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 06:07.[38]
  4. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:57.[38]
  5. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 16:46.[38]
  6. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:30.[38]
  7. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 08:10.[38]
  8. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:32.[38]
  9. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:40.[38]
  10. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:52.[38]
  11. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:16.[38]
  12. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:20.[38]
  13. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:58.[38]
  14. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 14 October 1942.[38]
  15. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 18 October 1942.[38]
  16. ↑ According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, this claim is attributed to Leutnant Walter Hicke and not to Roehrig.[52]
  17. ↑ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[38]
  18. ↑ According to Scherzer as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 53.[57]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 187.
  2. ↑ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ↑ Dixon 2023, pp. 269–270.
  4. 1 2 3 Dixon 2023, p. 270.
  5. ↑ Prien et al. 2002, pp. 194, 197.
  6. ↑ Prien 1997, p. 252.
  7. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 88.
  8. ↑ Prien 1997, p. 268.
  9. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 114.
  10. ↑ Prien 1997, p. 333.
  11. 1 2 Prien 1998, p. 410.
  12. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 40.
  13. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 41.
  14. ↑ Bergström et al. 2006, pp. 61–62.
  15. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 15.
  16. ↑ Weal 2007, p. 122.
  17. ↑ Prien 1998, p. 485.
  18. ↑ Prien 1998, p. 493.
  19. ↑ Prien et al. 2004, p. 213.
  20. ↑ Shores et al. 2018, p. 36.
  21. ↑ Prien 1998, p. 632.
  22. ↑ Shores et al. 2018, p. 181.
  23. ↑ Prien 1998, pp. 638, 640.
  24. ↑ Prien et al. 2011, p. 278.
  25. ↑ Shores et al. 2018, pp. 195, 200.
  26. ↑ Prien et al. 2011, p. 260.
  27. ↑ Zabecki 2014, p. 1615.
  28. ↑ Spick 1996, p. 237.
  29. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1048–1050.
  30. ↑ Planquadrat.
  31. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1048.
  32. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 110.
  33. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2003, p. 111.
  34. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1048–1049.
  35. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 21.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prien et al. 2006, p. 35.
  37. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 23.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1049.
  39. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 25.
  40. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 26.
  41. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 28.
  42. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 36.
  43. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 29.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2006, p. 37.
  45. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 30.
  46. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 31.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Prien et al. 2006, p. 38.
  48. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 32.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Prien et al. 2006, p. 33.
  50. 1 2 Prien et al. 2004, p. 81.
  51. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1049–1050.
  52. 1 2 Prien et al. 2011, p. 267.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Prien et al. 2011, p. 269.
  54. 1 2 Prien et al. 2011, p. 268.
  55. ↑ Patzwall 2008, p. 172.
  56. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 361, 501.
  57. ↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 634.

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