Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway

Beijing–Harbin high-speed railway
Harbin–Dalian Section
Overview
Native name京哈高速铁路哈大段
StatusOperational
OwnerChina Railway China Railway
Locale
Termini
Stations23[1]
Service
TypeHigh-speed rail
SystemChina Railway High-speed China Railway High-speed
Operators
Rolling stockCRH380BG
History
OpenedDecember 1, 2012 (2012-12-01)
Technical
Line length904 km (562 mi)
Number of tracks2 (Double-track)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Minimum radius7,000 m (23,000 ft)
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC (Overhead line)
Operating speed
  • 350 km/h (217 mph) (design)
  • 300 km/h (186 mph) (operational)
  • 310 km/h (193 mph) (ATP)
Route map
km
proposed undersea tunnel to Yantai
 Dalian
0
 Dalian North
Left arrowShenyang–Dalian railway to Shenyang North
Left arrowDandong–Dalian ICR to Dandong
41
 Jinpu
78
 Wafangdian West
149
 Bayuquan
178
 Gaizhou West
206
 Yingkou East
Right arrowPanjin–Yingkou HSR to Panjin North
244
 Haicheng West
283
 Anshan West
Right arrowShenyang–Dalian railway to Dalian
313
 Liaoyang
Left arrowShenyang–Dandong ICR from Dandong
364
 Shenyang South
378
 Shenyang
(high-speed field)
Right arrowBeijing–Harbin railway to Beijing
Right arrowBeijing–Shenyang HSR to Beijing
383
 Shenyang North
(high-speed field)
Left arrowShenyang–Jilin railway to Jilin
437
 Tieling West
484
 Kaiyuan West
512
 Changtu West
563
 Siping East
618
 Gongzhuling East
681
 Changchun West
Left arrowChangchun West link line to Changchun
765
 Dehui West
823
 Fuyu North
CR Shenyang Group
CR Harbin Group
881
 Shuangcheng North
Right arrowBeijing–Harbin railway from Beijing
921
 Harbin West
 Harbin
Left arrowHarbin–Jiamusi ICR to Jiamusi, Harbin–Mudanjiang ICR to Mudanjiang
Harbin–Manzhouli railway to Manzhouli, Harbin–Qiqihar ICR to Qiqihar SouthRight arrow
km

The Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway or Hada High-Speed Railway (Chinese: 哈大高速铁路; pinyin: Hādà Gāosù Tiělù) is a high-speed rail line connecting Harbin, Heilongjiang and Dalian, Liaoning. The line is the world's first alpine high-speed railway operating at high latitudes and low temperatures in winter.[2] The trains can continue operating even with snow on the line and the tracks are fitted with de-icing technology. The project cost CN¥95 billion, which was 25% more than the original budget.[3] The first commercial services began operating in December 1, 2012.[4] At the time of completion, the railway was the northernmost high-speed line in China.

Construction work began on August 23, 2007. The climate of Northeast China poses a challenge to the design; parts of the line had to be rebuilt before the opening due to deformation caused by frost heaving.[5] Test runs along the entire railway started on October 8, 2012.[6] Eventually, it was decided that the route could be opened for commercial services on December 1, 2012, nearly one year behind schedule.[7][8] On opening day the first commercial passenger services started with two trains leaving simultaneously, one from Dalian and the other from the new Harbin West station. During the first 52 days of operation, the line transported 2.856 million passengers.[9]

History

Upon opening, during winters (December through March) the line operates on a winter timetable, with the maximum running speed of 250 km/h (160 mph). In summer, the service runs an expanded timetable with services running at a higher speed of up to 350 km/h (220 mph).[3] However, the line has a design speed of up to 350 km/h (220 mph).[1] Under the winter timetable, the 921 km (572 mi) journey from Dalian to Harbin takes five hours eighteen minutes. In summer, the higher speeds reduce the journey time to just three and a half hours.[10] The summer high-speed services also have higher ticket prices than the slower winter service.

The line operates 67 pairs of trains.[6] By the end of March, there had been 9.4 million passenger trips on the line, an average of 78,000 per day. During the four weeks of the Chinese spring festival, passengers reached peaks of 164,000 per day.[11]

Testing of services at the increased summer speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) began in April 2013 after a delay of one month.[11] Commercial services on the summer schedule began on the April 21st, 2013.[10] Starting December 1, 2015, the Harbin-Dalian High-Speed ​​Railway implemented a unified winter and summer operating schedule, operating at 300 km/h year-round.[12][13] In 2017, The number of high-speed trains operating daily has increased to 110 pairs.[13]

On December 1, 2022, the Harbin-Dalian High-speed Railway celebrated its 10th anniversary of operation. It has transported a total of 670 million passengers, operated 740,000 services, and traveled 671 million kilometers safely.[14]

Design

On opening the line used CRH380BG type alpine EMUs. These have been specially modified for the Hada railway which must cope with temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter. Extra insulation has been added within the skin of the carriages and even the vacuum toilets have been modified to operate in this extreme cold.[15] An August 15, 2016, the G8041 train, operated by a Fuxing EMU, departed from Dalian North Station and headed to Shenyang Station along the Harbin-Dalian High-Speed ​​Railway. This was the first time that the Fuxing series EMU had carried passengers.[16]

On June 25, 2021, with the expansion of the operating range of the Fuxing intelligent EMU, the CR400BF-GZ intelligent high-altitude EMU was put into operation on the Shenyang-Harbin section of the Harbin-Dalian High-speed Railway.[17]

On January 1, 2025, the CR400BF-GS an upgraded intelligent EMU began operation on the Shenyang-Dalian high-speed line, serving multiple train services such as G8048 between Shenyang and Dalian.[18]

The track has also been specially designed to cope with extremes in temperature. In winter, the temperatures on the route can fall to −40 °C (−40 °F) while in summer they can reach 40 °C (104 °F). This large change in temperature can cause frost heave. As the water in the ground freezes in winter, it expands. In summer the ice melts and water drains causing shrinkage. This creates distortion on the ground surface that ordinary high speed railway lines could not cope with. To combat frost heave, 70% of the line is constructed above the ground surface on viaducts. During construction, about 20 percent of the track that had been built directly on the ground had to be redesigned and rebuilt due to frost damage. This delayed the opening of the line by about a year.[5]

Stations

Station Name Chinese Metro
transfers/connections
Harbin Harbin Metro  1 
Harbin West Harbin Metro  3 
Shuangcheng North
Fuyu North
Dehui West
Changchun West Changchun Rail Transit:  2 
Gongzhuling South
Siping East
Changtu West
Kaiyuan West
Tieling West
Shenyang North Shenyang Metro:  2 
Shenyang Shenyang Metro:  1 
Shenyang South
Liaoyang
Anshan West
Haicheng West
Yingkou East
Gaizhou West
Bayuquan
Wafangdian West
Jinpu
Dalian North  1   2 
Dalian  3   5 

See also

References

  1. 1 2 哈大高铁12月1日开通运营(图) (in Chinese). Huochepiao. 2012-11-25. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  2. ↑ "Harbin-Dalian High-speed train begins operation". CCTV. 2012-12-01. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  3. 1 2 "Speed increase on Harbin to Dalian rail line delayed". Southern China Morning Post. 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  4. ↑ "Harbin-Dalian high-speed train begins operation". Xinhua. 2012-12-01. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  5. 1 2 Bai, Tiantian (2012-09-04). "High speed rail may need to be rebuilt". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  6. 1 2 哈大高铁预计本月25日开通(组图) (in Chinese). Suhu. 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  7. ↑ "First high speed railway in northeast China to open in 2011". Xinhua. 2010-12-28. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  8. ↑ "Ha'erbin-Dalian high-speed railway to be open to traffic". DalianNews. 2012-02-16. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
  9. ↑ Liu, Tongyang (2013-01-24). 沈阳铁路局党委书记：京沈高铁有望年内正式开工 (in Chinese). Fenghuang Wang. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  10. 1 2 "Harbin–Dalian high-speed railway starts summer schedule". Xinhua. 2013-04-21. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  11. 1 2 "Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail to reach 300 km/h". China Daily. 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  12. ↑ "哈大高铁全年时速300公里". www.sohu.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2026-08-29.
  13. 1 2 "世界首条高寒高铁——哈大高铁通5年成功穿越百场风雪_国家铁路局". www.nra.gov.cn. Retrieved 2026-08-29.
  14. ↑ "世界首条高寒高铁开通运营十周年 气象护航 从-40℃到40℃飞驰无阻". 中国气象局. 中国气象报社. Archived from the original on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2025-04-03.
  15. ↑ "哈大高铁今日全线试运行 沈阳到大连需80分钟". 人民网. 2012-10-08. Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.
  16. ↑ "中国标准动车组首次载客运行". 新华网. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  17. ↑ "京哈高铁首次迎来复兴号智能型动车组 列车增至34列". 中国新闻网. 2021-06-11. Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  18. ↑ "国铁沈阳局上新复兴号技术提升型智能动车组". 中国新闻网. Archived from the original on 2025-01-05. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
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