Euploea

Euploea
Long-branded blue crow (E. algea menetriesii), Phi Phi, Thailand
Euploea mulciber showing structural blue colour
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Subfamily: Danainae
Tribe: Danaini
Subtribe: Euploeina
Genus: Euploea
Fabricius, 1807[1] [2]
Type species
Papilio corus[3]
Fabricius, 1793
Synonyms[2]
  • Anadara Moore, 1883
  • Doricha Moore, 1883
E. lewinii eschscholtzii, Fiji
E. lewinii eschscholtzii, Fiji
Striped blue crow (Euploea mulciber), ♀ Ishigaki Is., Japan

Euploea is a genus of milkweed butterflies. The species are generally dark in colouration, often quite blackish, for which reason they are commonly called crows. As usual for their subfamily, they are poisonous due to feeding on milkweeds and other toxic plants as caterpillars. The latter are aposematically colored to warn off predators from eating them, and the adult butterflies are often mimicked by unrelated species which are not or less poisonous.They are medium to large butterflies with a slender body and large, relatively narrow wings. The body is black with white spots.The typical butterfly wing colouring is dark blue, dark brown, or black often with white spots and ray-like stripes in the outer part.In some species the blue is or violet is shimmering metallic (structural as in Morpho and Arhopala) Caterpillars, on the other hand, are brightly coloured.[4][5][6][7]

Species

Listed alphabetically.[8]

Euploea phaenareta hollandi

[10] [11]

Nomenclature

This genus has a large number of junior synonyms, due in part to Moore[12] committing what probably ranks as one of the most drastic cases of oversplitting in the history of zoology:

Crastia Hübner, 1816
Trepsichrois Hübner, 1816
Salpinx Hübner, 1819
Eudaemon Billberg, 1820
Terpsichrois Hübner, 1821 (lapsus)
Euplaea Boisduval, 1832 (lapsus)
Calliploea Butler, 1875
Macroploea Butler, 1878
Stictoploea Butler, 1878
Euplea W.F. Kirby, 1879 (lapsus)
Adigama Moore, 1880
Andasena Moore, 1883
Betanga Moore, 1883
Bibisana Moore, 1883
Chanapa Moore, 1883
Chirosa Moore, 1883
Danisepa Moore, 1883
Deragena Moore, 1883
Gamatoba Moore, 1883
Glinama Moore, 1883
Hirdapa Moore, 1883
Isamia Moore, 1883
Karadira Moore, 1883
Lontara Moore, 1883
Mahintha Moore, 1883
Menama Moore, 1883
Mestapra Moore, 1883
Nacamsa Moore, 1883
Narmada Moore, 1880
Nipara Moore, 1883
Oranasma Moore, 1883
Pademma Moore, 1883
Patosa Moore, 1883
Penoa Moore, 1883
Pramasa Moore, 1883
Pramesta Moore, 1883
Rasuma Moore, 1883
Sabanosa Moore, 1883
Saphara Moore, 1883
Sarobia Moore, 1883
Satanga Moore, 1883
Selinda Moore, 1883
Tabada Moore, 1883
Tagata Moore, 1883
Tiruna Moore, 1883
Tronga Moore, 1883
Vadebra Moore, 1883
Vonona Moore, 1883
Anadara Moore, 1883 (non Gray, 1847: preoccupied)
Doricha Moore, 1883 (non Reichenbach, 1853: preoccupied)
Karadina Moore, 1891 (lapsus)
Chirosia Sharp, 1904 (lapsus)
Daniseppa Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Pamasa Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Rausuma Fruhstorfer, 1910 (lapsus)
Ironga Martin, 1914 (lapsus)
Makroploea Martin, 1915 (lapsus)
Eupolea Hulstaert, 1931 (lapsus)
Ramasa Hulstaert, 1931 (lapsus)

References

  1. ↑ Fabricius, J.C. 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus III. Pars I. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, [vi] + 487 pp.
  2. 1 2 Euploea at Butterflies and Moths of the World, Natural History Museum
  3. ↑ Hemming, Francis (1945). "Opinion 163. Suspension of the Rules for Euploea Fabricius, 1807 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera)". Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2 (33): 338–343.
  4. ↑ Hans Fruhstorfer in Seitz, A. (ed.) (1908–1928): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 9 Band, Die indo-australischen Tagfalter. — VIII + 1197 + VI pp., 177 pls., Stuttgart (A. Kernen)
  5. ↑ Carpenter, Hale, G.D. 1953.The genus Euploea (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) in Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and Australia. A zoo-geographical study.Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 1953.
  6. ↑ Treadaway, C. G. (2012): Nymphalidae XXI, Euploea of the Philippine Islands. — In: Bauer, E., & Frankenbach, T. (eds.), Butterflies of the world, 37: 1–10, 28 pls. — Keltern (Goecke and Evers).
  7. ↑ Butler, A.G. 1866 A Monograph of the diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Genus Euploea, with Descriptions of many new Species, founded principally on the Specimens in the Collection of the British Museum Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1866 (2) : 268-302, pl. 29-30
  8. ↑ "Euploea Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  9. ↑ Kirton, Laurence G. (2014). A Naturalist's Guide to the Butterflies of Peninsular Malayasia, Singapore and Thailand. Oxford:John Beaufoy Publ., p.55.
  10. ↑ Danaini classification (Wahlberg, Niklaus Based on Ackery & Vane-Wright 1984: Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. British Museum (Natural History), London. )
  11. ↑ Insecta pro
  12. ↑ Frederic Moore (1883). "A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1883 (3): 253–324.
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