Euploea crameri
| Spotted black crow | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Euploea |
| Species: | E. crameri |
| Binomial name | |
| Euploea crameri H. Lucas, 1853 | |
Euploea crameri, the spotted black crow, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the crows and tigers, that is, the Danaid group of the brush-footed butterflies family.
Description
Shape of the wings as in Euploea godarti, Lucas. Upperside very dark brown, almost black, scarcely at all paler towards the terminal margins; forewings and hindwings with subterminal and terminal series of white spots; on the forewing the spots in the subterminal series much larger than the spots in the terminal series and bent inwards opposite apex, a spot in the apex of the cell often obsolescent and a discal series of four or five spots, of which one or two may be very small or obsolescent; on the hindwing the spots in the subterminal and terminal series sub-equal. Underside chocolate-brown, the white spots as on the upperside but more distinct, and in the hindwing with the addition of a spot in the apex of the cell and five or six discal small spots beyond. The antennae, head, thorax and abdomen are very dark brown, and, the antennae excepted, spotted with white beneath. It has a wingspan of 88–94 mm (3.5–3.7 in).[1]
Ecology
The spotted black crow is found in the Indomalayan realm. It is known to undertake seasonal migrations.[2]
Subspecies
- E. c. crameri Borneo
- E. c. bremeri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860 [3] South Burma - Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore
- E. c. frauenfeldi C. Felder, 1862 [4] Nicobars, Andamans
- E. c. niasica (Moore, 1883) [5] Nias
- E. c. daatensis (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Pulau Daat)
- E. c. labuana (Moore, 1883) North Borneo (Labuan)
- E. c. metavica Hagen, 1898 [6] Mentawai Islands
- E. c. nicevillei (Moore, [1890]) [7] Bengal
- E. c. heylaertsi (Moore, [1890]) Sumatra
- E. c. oceanis Doherty, 1891 [8] Enggano
- E. c. pagenstecheri Hagen, 1896 Bawean
- E. c. tenggerensis (Fruhstorfer, 1898) [9] East Java
- E. c. lanista Fruhstorfer, 1904 [10] Natuna Islands
- E. c. nagasena Fruhstorfer, 1906 [11] Batu Islands
- E. c. singaradha Fruhstorfer, 1908 [12] Bali
- E. c. jedja Fruhstorfer, 1911 [13] Banguey
- E. c. praedicabilis Fruhstorfer, 1914 [14] South Vietnam
References
- ↑ Bingham, C. T. (1905). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Butterflies Volume I. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. (under Euploea esperi Felder, 1862)
- ↑ Orr, A.G., Observations on the biology of migrating Euploea butterflies in north west Borneo. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2, 1994
- ↑ C. & R. Felder, 1860 Lepidoptera nova in paeninsula Malayica collecta diagnosibus instructa Wien. ent. Monats. 4 (12) : 394-402
- ↑ Felder C. 1862 Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k. k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macropepidoteren Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2) : 473-496
- ↑ Moore, F. 1883 A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. Part I & II Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 201-252, (3): 253-324, pl. 29-32
- ↑ Hagen, H. A. 1898 Vorläufige Diagnose neuer Rhopaloceren von den Mentawej-Inseln Ent. Nachr. 24 (13) : 193-207
- ↑ Moore F. [1890]; [1891] Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera, Family Nymphalidae. Sub-families Euploeinae and Satyrinae 1 : 1-192 (1890), : 193-276 (1891), : 277-317 (1892)
- ↑ Doherty, W. 1891 A list of the butterflies of Engano, with some remarks on the Danaidae J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 60 Pt.II (1) : 4-32
- ↑ Fruhstorfer H. 1898 Neue Lepidopteren aus Asien Berl. Ent. Zs. 43 (1/2) : 175-199
- ↑ Fruhstorfer, H. 1904 Neue Rhopaloceren aus dem malayischen Gebiet Berl. ent. Zs. 49 (1/2) : 165-169, pl. 1, f. 6, pl. 2, f. 6
- ↑ Fruhstorfer, H. 1906 Neue Schmetterlinge von den Batu-Inseln Ent. Zs. 20 (18): 121-122, (19): 131-132 , (21): 145-146
- ↑ Fruhstorfer, H. 1908 Neue Rhopalocerenrassen der Insel Bali Int. ent. Zs. 2 (38) : 238
- ↑ Fruhstorfer, H. 1911 Familie: Danaidae in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9
- ↑ Fruhstorfer,H. 1914 Rhopaloceren von Cochinchina Ent. Rundschau 31 (1) : 1-3