Bei (state)
邶 | |
|---|---|
| c. 1,046 BCE | |
 Map of China during the Zhou dynasty | |
| Government | Fiefdom |
| Ruler | |
• c. 1,046 BCE | Wu Geng[1] |
| History | |
• Established | c. 1,046 BCE |
| c. 1,046 BCE | |
| c. 1,042 BCE | |
• Execution of Wu Geng | c. 1,039 BCE |
| Bei | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bei (邶) in Seal script. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 邶 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Bei (Chinese: 邶國; pinyin: bèiguó) was a vassal state of Zhou in the early Zhou dynasty was in the southeast of Tangyin County, modern-day Henan Province.[3][4][5][6]
History
The Book of Han records Bei as a successor state to Yin, having been destroyed by the invading Predynastic Zhou during the Battle of Muye that dethroned Di Xin. Among three, the other states were Yong (庸) and Wei. Wu Geng, Di Xin's son, was enfeoffed in Bei.[1] Xu Shen records in Shuowen Jiezi that it was located north of Zhaoge, thus the name.[7]
During the second year of the reign of King Cheng of Zhou with the Duke of Zhou as regent, the people of Yan and Xu, and the Huaiyi, entered Bei to rebel as part of the Rebellion of the Three Guards.[8] The rebellion would be quashed by the Duke of Zhou within three years.[9][10]
Bei is among several Zhou states to have sections delineated in the Classic of Poetry, featuring 19 poems. After the Rebellion of the Three Guards, the people of Bei and Yong were forcibly moved to Luoyi (洛邑), and the state was dismantled.[11][12] Ban Gu observes this event in the Book of Han as a reason why the poetry between the three states was seen as similar.[1] One poem, Ji Gu (擊鼓), describes people having followed an individual named Sunzi Zhong (孙子仲) and having peace made with the states of Chen and Song.[13] The identification of Sunzi Zhong, however, is uncertain; taken literally, he could be the younger brother of a grandson. Mao Heng, an early annotator of the compilation, identified him as a high-ranking military officer named Gongsun Wenzhong (公孙文仲). Qing dynasty scholar Yao Jiheng (姚际恆), in their Ordinary Discussions of the Odes (詩經通論), believed it to be a differing account of a war described in the Zuo Zhuan. This is seen as a more plausible interpretation; however, both interpretations would date the poem to several hundred years after Bei had already collapsed.[14]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Ban Gu. "地理志下". In Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). 漢書 [Book of Han] (in Literary Chinese). Eastern Han: Chinese Text Project.
河內本殷之舊都，周既滅殷，分其畿內為三國，詩風邶、庸、衛國是也。鄁，以封紂子武庚
- ↑ FENG, LI (4 September 2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045771 BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85272-2.
- ↑ 《史记》卫康叔世家
- ↑ "邶_邶是什么意思_邶字怎么读_邶的含义_邶字组词-新东方在线字典". www.koolearn.com. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
- ↑ GUO, Qiyong (2018-01-29). Studies on Contemporary Chinese Philosophy (1949–2009). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-36049-5.
- ↑ "邶 - Definition and synonyms of 邶 in the Chinese dictionary". educalingo.com. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
- ↑ Xu, Shen (2015). "卷七·邑部". In Duan, Yucai; Xu, Weixian (eds.). 說文解字注 [Annotated Shuowen Jiezi] (in Literary Chinese). Nanjing: 鳳凰出版社 [Phoenix Media]. ISBN 978-7-5506-2167-1.
邶：故商邑。自河內朝歌以北是也。从邑北聲。
- ↑ Donald Sturgeon (ed.). "成王". 竹書紀年. Chinese Text Project.
- ↑ Underhill, Anne P. (2013). A Companion to Chinese Archaeology. Wiley Blackwell Companions to Anthropology Ser (1st ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. pp. 486–487. ISBN 978-1-118-32578-0.
- ↑ Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History". In Michael Loewe; Edward L. Shaughnessy (eds.). The Cambridge History of ancient China - From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 292–351. ISBN 9780521470308.
- ↑ Donald Sturgeon (ed.). "成王". 竹書紀年. Chinese Text Project.
- ↑ Huang, Minglei. 2020. Clan migration drove transformation of early states. Chinese Social Sciences Today. http://www.csstoday.net/Review_Analysis/HISTORY/202303/t20230324_5902296.shtml
- ↑ Deng, Qitong (2013). 诗经 [Classic of Poetry] (in Literary Chinese) (2nd ed.). Nanjing: 东南大学出版社 [Southeast University Press]. ISBN 978-7-5641-4268-1.
- ↑ Yao 姚, Jiheng 際恆 (1837). 詩經通論 [Ordinary Discussions of the Odes] (in Literary Chinese) (铁琴山馆刻本 ed.). Great Qing: 韩城王笃据家.