Worker-Peasant Red Guards

Worker-Peasant Red Guards
로농적위군
Emblem of the Worker-Peasant Red Guards
FoundedJanuary 1959 (1959-01)
Country North Korea
AllegianceKim Jong Un[1]
TypeParamilitary militia
Role
  • Civil defense
  • Defensive operations
  • Assistance in maintaining public order
Size5 million personnel
ColorsFront:

Back:

Regimental standard


Banner used by militia units
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
로농적위군
Hancha
勞農赤衛軍
Revised RomanizationRonongjeogwigun
McCune–ReischauerRonongjŏgwigun

The Worker-Peasant Red Guards (WPRG; Korean: 로농적위군), also translated as Workers and Peasants' Red Militia,[2] is a paramilitary force in North Korea. It is a reserve force responsible for civil defense and providing additional defence and support to the Korean People's Army in the event of an invasion. The WPRG, with an estimated size of 5 million personnel, is the largest paramilitary force in the world.

Name

The name Worker-Peasant Red Guards is noted in the a propaganda poster 우리 당의 불패의 혁명적무장력인 로농적위대창건 15돐 만세! dated1974 (Koryo Studio collection) and therefore the date of establishment is 1959.

The name Worker-Peasant Red Guards appeared at the military parade commemorating the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Workers' Party of Korea on 10 October 2010, and thereafter North Korea began calling it the Worker-Peasant Red Guards.[3]

Organisation

The WPRG is a reserve force militia organized on a provincial/city/town/village level, and structured on a brigade, battalion, company, and platoon basis. Its strength is estimated at 5 million personnel, which would make it by far the largest paramilitary force in the world.[4]

The WPRG is not only under the State Affairs Commission (which replaced the National Defence Commission in 2016) and Ministry of Defence, but is also attached to the Workers' Party of Korea itself under its Military Leadership Department. It is thus responsible to the Supreme Leader in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

History

The WPRG was established in 14 January 1959 in order to make up for the shortage of troops as China's People's Volunteer Army, that had been stationed in North Korea since the Korean War, withdrew in April 1958. It replaced the Self-Defense Forces, previously under the command of the Ministry of Social Security, and the organization was formally established with workers, farmers, intellectuals, and students in a force of 500,000 people.[5][6] At first, they were required to receive military training while working for a living. The WPRG was widely mobilized to help with reconstruction projects following the mass destruction that occurred during the Korean War.

In 1962, in accordance with the state policy of arming the entire North Korean population, the WPRG was expanded to include men aged 18 to 45, and single women aged 18 to 35. In 1971, the applicable age was extended to 50 years old, and all men and single women aged 17 to 60 who were not transferred to the prison guards were targeted for recruitment, and it continues to this day.

Equipment

The WPRG is mainly equipped with small arms and vehicles phased out from frontline service in the regular armed forces, with access to more modern and advanced equipment being limited.[7]

Small arms

Name Origin Type Notes
PPSh-41[7] Soviet Union Submachine gun Produced locally as the Type 49. The Chinese Type 50 is also used.[8]
Mosin-Nagant[7] Soviet Union Bolt-action rifle Chinese copies are also used.[9]
Type 58 North Korea Assault rifle North Korean copy of the AK-47.[10] Used by militias and support troops.[11]
Type 63 North Korea Semi-automatic rifle North Korean copy of the SKS.[9]
Type 73 North Korea Light machine gun Reportedly used.[9]
Bulsae-3 North Korea Anti-tank guided missile Seen at a military parade in 2021.[7]

Vehicles include obsolete Soviet models such as T-34 tanks and SU-100 tank destroyers.[7] They use older Ural D-62 motorcycles, although some units are unarmed indicating status as logistics and medical units.[12] During a parade in September 2023, elements of the force paraded in what appeared to be truck-mounted 122mm rocket tubes disguised as civilian vehicles.[13]

The WPRG is believed to possess heavier weapons such as mortars and anti-aircraft guns.[14]

See also

Other nations:

References

  1. ↑ "North Korean military takes oath of loyalty". www.enca.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  2. ↑ Scalapino, Robert A.; Lee, Chong-sik (1972). Communism in Korea: The society. University of California press. p. 948. ISBN 9780520022744.
  3. ↑ Benjamin R. Young (17 September 2021). "Guns in one hand: Kim Jong Un's revitalization of the Worker-Peasant Red Guards". NK News. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  4. ↑ Oh, Kongdan; Hassig, Ralph C. (2004). North Korea through the Looking Glass. Washington: Brookings Institution Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-8157-9820-0.
  5. ↑ "労農赤衛軍" (in Japanese). Uriminzokkiri. 7 September 2023. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  6. ↑ "Golden Jubilee of Worker-Peasant Red Guards Marked", KCNA, 13 January 2009
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Newdick, Thomas (9 September 2021). "North Korea Trades Missiles For Militias At Its Latest Parade". The War Zone. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  8. ↑ US Department of Defense 1997, p. A−79.
  9. 1 2 3 Shea, Dan; Hong, Heebum (1 June 2012). "NORTH KOREAN SMALL ARMS (DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA)". Small Arms Review. Chipotle Publishing. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  10. ↑ US Department of Defense 1997, p. A−75.
  11. ↑ Hogg 1987, p. 180.
  12. ↑ Bermudez (2001), pg 4–5.
  13. ↑ Payne, Stetson; Rogoway, Tyler (9 September 2023). "North Korea Debuts Rocket Launchers That Appear As Civilian Trucks". The Drive. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  14. ↑ US Department of Defense 1997, p. 34.

Bibliography

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