Turks in Hungary

Turks in Hungary
Total population
Turkish citizens: 6,500 (2024 est.) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Budapest, Pécs, Siklós
Languages
Turkish  · Hungarian
Religion
Predominantly Islam

The Turks in Hungary, also referred to as Turkish Hungarians and Hungarian Turks, (Hungarian: Magyarországi törökök, Turkish: Macaristan Türkleri) refers to ethnic Turks living in Hungary.

History

Much of the Turkish population in Hungary stems from the country’s centuries-long history with the Ottoman Empire,[2][3][4] particularly during the Ottoman conquest and rule in Hungary (1521-1718).[5][6] At its height, the Ottoman Empire occupied all of present-day Hungary except a northwestern region covering roughly Western Transdanubia and Veszprém.[7][5][6] A second wave of Ottoman-Turkish migration occurred in the late 19th century when relations between the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary improved; most of these immigrants settled in Budapest.[8] Moreover, there has also been a recent migration of Turks from the Republic of Turkey, as well as other post-Ottoman states (such as Bulgaria).[9]


Culture

Language

Most Hungarian Turks are bilingual and can speak both Turkish and Hungarian. Moreover, due to the Ottoman rule during the 16th-17th centuries, the Turkish language has also influenced greater Hungarian society; today, there are still numerous Turkish loanwords in the Hungarian language.[10]

TurkishHungarianEnglish
Cebimde çok küçük elma var[11]Zsebemben sok kicsi alma van[11]I have many small apples in my pocket

Religion

The Turkish people, alongside the Arabs, make up the majority of the Muslim population in Hungary.[12] Several Ottoman-Turkish historical mosques are used by the Muslim community, including the Yakovali Hassan Pasha Mosque in Pécs, and the Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos.[13]

Population

According to the 2001 census, 2,711 inhabitants declared their language under the "Turkish language family", of which, the majority (57.73%) stated that they belonged to the "Ottoman Turkish" ethnicity (1,565).[14] Furthermore, 12 individuals declared to be "Turk" and 91 "Romanian-Turkish" (see Turks of Romania); the rest declared other Turkic ethnicities.[14] In the 2011 census 5,209 inhabitants declared themselves under "Török nyelvek" ("Turkish languages"); however, the publication does not show the distinction between different Turkic groups.[15]

In addition, there is also approximately 2,500 recent Turkish immigrants from Turkey living in Hungary.[16]

Organizations and associations

In 2005 the Turkish community, alongside ethnic Hungarian Muslims, established "The Dialogue Platform".[17] By 2012, a new Turkish cultural association the "Gül Baba Turkish-Hungarian Cultural Association" was established in Szentendre, near Budapest.[17]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-hungary.en.mfa. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Cite error: The named reference HCSO20013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ↑ Szakály, Ferenc (1986). A török-magyar küzdelem szakaszai a mohácsi csata előtt (1365-1526). Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-3964-7.
  4. ↑ Tóth, Ferenc (2025-07-01). "Introduction: Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in Early Modern History". Hungarian Studies Review. 52 (1): 1–5. doi:10.5325/hungarianstud.52.1.0001. ISSN 1705-8422.
  5. 1 2 Ingrao, Charles; Samardžić, Nikola; Pešalj, Jovan, eds. (2011-08-12). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. Purdue University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wq7kw.12. ISBN 978-1-61249-179-0. JSTOR j.ctt6wq7kw. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  6. 1 2 Szabó, János B. (2019). "The Ottoman Conquest in Hungary: Decisive Events (Belgrade 1521, Mohács 1526, Vienna 1529, Buda 1541) and Results". The Battle for Central Europe. Brill. pp. 263–275. doi:10.1163/9789004396234_013. ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
  7. ↑ Ágoston, Gábor (1998). "HABSBURGS AND OTTOMANS: Defense, Military Change and Shifts in Power". Turkish Studies Association Bulletin. 22 (1): 126–141. ISSN 0275-6048. JSTOR 43385414.
  8. ↑ Melek, Çolak (2007), "Macaristan'da Müslümanlık ve İmam Abdüllatif Efendi (1909-1946)" (PDF), International Congress of Asian and North African Studies, 38: 1002
  9. ↑ Hungarian Central Statistical Office. "Factors of the nationality of the population based on affiliation with cultural values, knowledge of languages". Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  10. ↑ Medgyes, Péter; Miklósy, Katalin (2005), "The Language Situation in Hungary", in Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. (eds.), Language Planning and Policy in Europe, Multilingual Matters, p. 29, ISBN 1853598119
  11. 1 2 Belge, Murat (2014), Başka Kentler, Başka Denizler 1, İletişim Yayınları, ISBN 9789750500473
  12. ↑ Lederer, Gyorgy (2009), "Hungary", in Nielsen, Jorgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašic, Ahmet; Maréchal, Brigitte; Moe, Christian (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 1, BRILL, p. 161, ISBN 978-9047428503
  13. ↑ Lederer 2009, 163.
  14. 1 2 Hungarian Central Statistical Office. "Factors of the nationality of the population based on affiliation with cultural values, knowledge of languages". Retrieved 2013-05-21.
  15. ↑ Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. "2011. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS: 4. Demográfiai adatok" (PDF). p. 36. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  16. ↑ Hurriyet. "Macaristan Türk yatırımcı bekliyor". Retrieved 2016-06-22.
  17. 1 2 Pap, Norbet (2014), "Hungary", in Nielsen, Jorgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašic, Ahmet; Racius, Egdunas (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 6, BRILL, p. 303, ISBN 978-9004283053
  18. ↑ "Zakaria Erzinçlioglu". The Telegraph. 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2017. Zakaria Erzinçlioglu who has died of a heart attack aged 50, was Britain's leading forensic entomologist...Zakaria Erzinçlioglu was born on December 30, 1951 in Hungary to parents of Turkish origin.
  19. ↑ Sørensen, Lene Bøgh; Eliason, Leslie C. (2002), Fascism, Liberalism, and Social Democracy in Central Europe: Past and Present, Aarhus University Press, p. 304, ISBN 8772887192, Its leader Gyorgy Ekrem Kemál - a name inherited from the Turkish father executed in 1957
  20. ↑ "A Holocaust Memorial in Hungary created by a Turk". Salom. 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2017. Born to a Turkish refugee family living in Budapest, in 1955, Can Togay (János)...
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