Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (Japan)

Black and white photo of dark horse in a field with number 12 on his side and ridden by jockey. The horse is looking at a man in a suit.
Saint Lite, the first Classic Triple Crown winner
Dark brown horse being led near stadium, with number 13 on her side and ridden by jockey in green shirt and yellow trousers
Mejiro Ramonu, the first Triple Tiara winner
Chestnut horse with white blaze and white sock strutting on track, led by a man in green shirt and yellow trousers and ridden by a jockey in pink shirt with yellow and green stripes and wearing sunglasses.
T. M. Opera O, the first Autumn Triple Crown winner
Bay horse with white hood walking near stadium, with number 3 on his side and led by two men
Orion the Thanks, the first horse to win all three Dirt Triple Crown legs (pre-establishment; not officially recognised as a Triple Crown winner)

In Japanese horseracing, the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (also known as the Triple Crown) can refer to one of five national-level titles, each a series of three races run within a single year.

The Japan Racing Association (JRA) officially recognises the Classic Triple Crown, consisting of the Satsuki Shō, Tōkyō Yūshun and Kikuka-shō, and the Triple Tiara, consisting of the Oka Shō, Yushun Himba, and Shūka Shō. Since 2024, the National Association of Racing (NAR) also recognises the Dirt Triple Crown, comprising the Haneda Hai, Tokyo Derby, and Japan Dirt Classic.

All three series are composed of Group 1 (GI) races that are limited to three-year-old horses. Additionally, the JRA also offers prize bonuses to any horse that can win the trifecta of the Osaka Hai, Tennō Shō (Spring) and Takarazuka Kinen, or the trio of the Tennō Shō (Autumn), Japan Cup and Arima Kinen, in a single season. While the JRA does not officially designate these bonuses by specific names, they are commonly referred to by media as the Spring and Autumn Triple Crowns respectively.

As with any Triple Crown set, winning any of these five series is considered one of the most difficult achievements for a horse, and comes with both a significant bonus prize and prestige. Many of the horses that have completed a Crown set have subsequently been named the Japanese Horse of the Year or entered into the JRA Hall of Fame. Seventeen horses have won a Triple Crown title; eight have won the Classic Triple Crown, seven have won the Triple Tiara, and two have won the Autumn Triple Crown. No horse has yet completed either the Spring Triple Crown or Dirt Triple Crown.

Classic Triple Crown

The Classic Triple Crown title is bestowed on any horse that wins the Satsuki Shō, Tōkyō Yūshun and Kikuka-shō, alternatively known as the Japanese 2000 Guineas, Japanese Derby, and the Japanese St. Leger.[1] The three races are part of Japan's Classic Races, meaning only three-year horses can enter each leg. Thus, every horse only has one chance at winning the Triple Crown.[2] Since 2023, any horse that wins all three races receives a prize of ¥300,000,000.[3]

Modeled directly after the English Triple Crown's format,[4] the Classic Crown is the oldest of the five Crowns, with each of its legs established in the 1930s. The forms of the original races were different to their current state. The Satsuki Shō was originally called Yokohama Norinsho Shoten Yonsai Yobiuma (the Yokohama Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Prize for Four-Year-Olds) and ran at Yokohama Racecourse over 1,850 meters, while the Kikuka-shō was known as the Kyoto Norin-sho Shoten Yonsai Yobiuma Kyoso (the Kyoto Agriculture and Forestry Ministry Prize Invitational for Four-Year-Olds) until 1948.[5][6] Despite the races' names, all horses entered were chronologically three years old; until 2001, Japanese horseracing used the kazoedoshi counting system where horses are considered one at birth and become one year older each New Year.[7] Saint Lite was the only horse to achieve the Classic Triple Crown before the Satsuki Shō's relocation to Nakayama Racecourse.[8]

With the races varying greatly in length and held in different racecourses, a horse of multiple aptitudes is required to win all three. A common proverb about the three races goes that the Satsuki Shō crowns the fastest horse, the Tōkyō Yūshun rewards the luckiest horse, and the Kikuka-shō is the race won by the strongest horse.[9][10][11] All horses that have achieved the Triple Crown have been inducted into the JRA's Hall of Fame,[12] and, with the exception of Saint Lite, won their year's Best Three-Year-Old Colt award.[a][14][15]

Horses that win two legs of the Triple Crown are often referred to as Double Crown (or Dual Crown) horses. Of these, Air Shakur is considered the horse closest to achieving the Classic Triple Crown, having won the 2000 Satsuki Shō and Kikuka-shō but losing the Tōkyō Yūshun to Agnes Flight by just 7 cm.[16][17] Horses that were considered likely winners of the Triple Crown but had to withdraw from racing before running all three are often referred to as 'phantom' Triple Crown winners by Japanese media. Two such examples are Fuji Kiseki and Agnes Tachyon; both horses were undefeated in their first year of racing and were favourites to win all three of the Crown's legs (and in Agnes Tachyon's case, won the Satsuki Shō), but had to prematurely retire after being diagnosed with tendonitis.[18][19][20] Additionally, Kurifuji, an undefeated Thoroughbred racemare in the mid-1940s, is occasionally referred to as an unofficial Triple Crown winner, as she won the unusual combination of the Tōkyō Yūshun, Yūshun Himba and Kikuka-shō in 1943.[21][22]

Classic Triple Crown Races

The individual legs of the Classic Triple Crown
Satsuki Shō Tōkyō Yūshun Kikuka-shō
British Equivalent 2000 Guineas Stakes The Derby St Leger Stakes
Month April May October
Distance 2,000m 2,400m 3,000m
Track Nakayama Racecourse Tokyo Racecourse Kyoto Racecourse
Qualification 3yo, colts and fillies, no geldings
Inauguration 29 April 1939 24 April 1932 11 December 1938
GI race since 1984
Ref [23][24][25] [26][27][28] [29][30][31]

Triple Tiara

The Fillies Triple Crown, commonly referred to as the Triple Tiara, is the fillies' equivalent of the Classic Triple Crown, consisting of the Oka Shō, Yūshun Himba and Shūka Shō.[32][33] Since 2023, any filly that wins all three races receives a prize of ¥100,000,000.[3]

In contrast to the Classic Triple Crown, the final leg of the Triple Tiara was not firmly established until the 1990s. Before 1970, there was no official Triple Tiara, although fillies that won the Oka Sho and Yūshun Himba would often chose to run the Kikuka-shō, mirroring the English Triple Tiara equivalent of the 1000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks and St. Leger Stakes.[34][35] In 1970, the Victoria Cup was inaugurated and chosen to be an official third race, but it was discontinued and re-organised into the Queen Elizabeth II Cup in 1976.[36] This new Cup served as the Tiara's last leg until 1996, whereupon it was replaced by the new Shūka Shō after the Cup eased entry restrictions to allow mares older than three to enter.[37][34] Of the six races that comprise the JRA's official Triple Crowns, the Shūka Shō is the only one not considered part of the Classic races.[32]

Unlike the Classic Triple Crown, the Triple Tiara's legs do not increase in length with each race, and the Yūshun Himba's 2,400m falls far short of the Kikuka-shō's 3,000m. While no less prestigious than the Classic Triple Crown, the Tiara's shorter distances have led to more frequent winners of the Tiara, with three occurring between 2018 and 2023, and assertions that the Tiara is easier to achieve.[38][39] Not every Tiara winner has entered the JRA Hall of Fame, but they were all awarded their year's Best Three-Year-Old Filly award.[a][14][40]

Triple Tiara races

The individual legs of the Triple Tiara
Oka Shō Yūshun Himba Shūka Shō
(current third leg)		 Victoria Cup
(former third leg, 1970–1975)		 Queen Elizabeth II Cup
(former third leg, 1976–1995)
British equivalent 1000 Guineas Stakes The Oaks None
Month April May October Discontinued November
Distance 1,600m 2,400m 2,000m 2,400m 2,200m
Track Hanshin Racecourse Tokyo Racecourse Kyoto Racecourse
Qualification 3yo fillies and mares 3yo and up, fillies and mares[b]
Inauguration 29 April 1939 23 November 1938 20 October 1996 22 November 1970 21 November 1976
GI race since 1984 1996 N/A 1984
Ref [41][42][43] [44][45][46] [47][48][49] [36][50] [51][52][53]

Dirt Triple Crown

First announced in 2022 and formally established beginning with the 2024 season, the Dirt Triple Crown comprises the Haneda Hai, the Tokyo Derby, and the Japan Dirt Classic (JDC). Since the Crown's creation, any horse that wins all three races receives a prize of ¥80,000,000.[54][55]

Unlike the other Crowns, the Dirt Triple Crown is overseen by the National Association of Racing (NAR), who usually oversee regional level racing as compared to the JRA's national focus. The three races were previously known collectively as the South Kanto Triple Crown, a regional series which only horses of the region could complete, as both the Haneda Hai and Tokyo Derby were restricted to South Kanto horses.[56][57] However, as the NAR wished to create more opportunities for dirt specialists, the three races were re-organised to encourage wider participation. The Haneda Hai and the Tokyo Derby were promoted to Group 1 status and opened to all horses in the country, matching the JDC. The JDC itself was renamed from the Japan Dirt Derby and moved from July to October. All three races had their prize money substantially increased.[54][58] While the NAR oversees the three races, JRA horses are allowed to enter all three legs.[59]

Although three horses completed the South Kanto Triple Crown before 2024, most recently Mick Fire in 2023, they are not recognised as winners of the current Dirt Triple Crown. No horse has won the Crown since the title's inception[60][61][62]

Dirt Triple Crown Races

The individual legs of the Dirt Triple Crown
Haneda Hai Tokyo Derby Japan Dirt Classic
Month April June October
Distance 1,800m 2,000m
Track Oi Racecourse
Qualification 3yo, no geldings
Inauguration 18 April 1956 15 May 1955 8 July 1999
GI race since 2024 1999
Ref [54][63][64] [54][65][66] [54][67][68][69]

Autumn Triple Crown

In 2000, the JRA established a bonus prize for any horse that won the Tennō Shō (Autumn), Japan Cup and Arima Kinen in the same year.[70] While the bonus has no official name or trophy associated with it,[71] reporters have referred to completing this act as both the "Autumn Triple Crown"[72][73] and "Senior Autumn Triple Crown",[70] the later in reference to the three races being open to any horse three years old and older.[74][75][76] As each race allows horses to enter in multiple years, a horse could theoretically win the Crown more than once. However, the Autumn Crown cannot by achieved by winning the three legs over multiple years. For example, Kitasan Black won the 2016 Japan Cup and the 2017 Tennō Shō (Autumn) and Arima Kinen, but is not considered an Autumn Crown winner.[77] Since 2025, the reward for winning the Crown has been ¥300,000,000 for Japanese horses and ¥150,000,000 for foreign horses, and an additional incentive where any horse that wins any three of the six races in the Spring and Autumn Triple Crowns will receive an additional ¥200,000,000 or ¥100,000,000, depending on their nationality.[78][79]

Although there have been several Double Crown winners since the Crown's establishment, only two horses have achieved the Autumn Triple Crown since its inception, T. M. Opera O and Zenno Rob Roy. This has been attributed to the short turnabout between races, with less than a month between each race.[70] Both horses were four years old at the time of their achievement, and won their year's Best Older Male Horse award.[14]

Autumn Triple Crown Races

The individual legs of the Autumn Triple Crown
Tennō Shō (Autumn) Japan Cup Arima Kinen
Month Late October/Early November Late November December
Distance 2,000m 2,400m 2,500m
Track Tokyo Racecourse Nakayama Racecourse
Qualification 3yo and older
Inauguration 3 December 1937 22 November 1981 23 December 1956
GI race since 1984
Ref [74][80][81] [75][82][83] [76][84][85]

Spring Triple Crown

After the Ōsaka Hai was promoted to Group 1 status in 2017 to strengthen the Spring racing program,[86] the JRA established a bonus prize for any horse that won the Ōsaka Hai, the Tennō Shō (Spring) and the Takarazuka Kinen.[87] Being similar to the Autumn Triple Crown's format, this bonus is commonly referred to as the (Senior) Spring Triple Crown.[88][89] The Spring Crown shares the same reward for achieving it as the Autumn Crown; ¥300,000,000 for Japanese horses and ¥150,000,000 for foreign horses.[78][79]

No horse has won the Crown since the title's inception.[89][77][78] Kitasan Black was the first Double Champion in 2017, winning the Ōsaka Hai and the Tennō Shō (Spring) but failed to win the Takarazuka Kinen, placing 9th.[90][91] His son, Croix du Nord, won the Crown's first two legs in 2026, but he lost in the year's Takarazuka Kinen, though he came closer than his father did, placing 2nd by a neck.[92][93] Additionally, when the Ōsaka Hai was still a Group 2 race, Super Creek, Meisho Samson and Hiruno d'Amour won the Ōsaka Hai and the Tennō Shō (Spring) in 1990, 2007 and 2011 respectively.[c][97] Super Creek was unable to race in the 1990 Takarazuka Kinen due to a leg injury, while Meisho Samson finished second to Admire Moon in 2007.[98][99][100] Hiruno d'Amour skipped the 2011 race to rest up for his autumn campaign.[101]

Spring Triple Crown Races

The individual legs of the Spring Triple Crown
Ōsaka Hai Tennō Shō (Spring) Takarazuka Kinen
Month April May June
Distance 2,000m 3,200m 2,200m
Track Hanshin Racecourse Kyoto Racecourse Hanshin Racecourse
Qualification 4yo and older 3yo and older
Inauguration 17 March 1957 15 May 1938 26 June 1960
GI race since 2017 1984
Ref [102][103][104] [105][106][107] [108][109][110]

Triple Crown Winners

Key

♦ Horse is a member of the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame
★ Horse was undefeated at the time of winning their Triple Crown
▲ Horse also won the Japanese Horse of the Year award in the same year
■ Horse also won the Best Three-Year-Old Colt (or Filly) award in the same year
● Horse also won the Best Older Male Horse award in the same year

Classic Triple Crown Winners

List of Japanese Triple Crown winners
Year Portrait Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Ref
1941 Blurred monochromatic photo of a black horse running on race course. Saint Lite♦ Kizo Konishi Waichiro Tanaka Yusaku Kato Koiwai Farm [8]
1964 Dark headshot photo of a black horse with a white star in a stable Shinzan♦▲■ Masaru Kurita Bungo Takeda Kokichi Hashimoto Yoshimatsu Matsuhashi [111]
1983 Green horse racing silks with a bold yellow zigzag chevron pattern across the middle, white sleeves Mr. C. B.♦▲■ Masato Yoshinaga Yasuhisa Matsuyama Chigira Bokujo Chigira Bokujo [112]
1984 Bay horse with faint white crescent blaze on head and white sock on left hind leg, eating grass in a field Symboli Rudolf♦★▲■ Yukio Okabe Yuji Nohira Symboli Stud Symboli Stud [113]
1994 Dark bay horse mid-race, with number 12 on his side and ridden by jockey in pink shirt and white trousers. Narita Brian♦▲■ Katsumi Minai Masaaki Ōkubo Hidenori Yamaji Hayata Bokujo [114]
2005 Bay horse with white sock mid-race, with number 7 on his side and ridden by jockey in black-yellow shirt and white trousers Deep Impact♦★▲■ Yutaka Take Yasuo Ikee Makoto Kaneko Northern Farm [115]
2011 Light bay horse mid-race, with number 12 on his side and ridden by jockey in black-red shirt and white trousers Orfevre♦▲■ Kenichi Ikezoe Yasutoshi Ikee Sunday Racing Shadai Stallion Station [116]
2020 Black horse with white blaze walking near stadium, with number 2 on his side and ridden by jockey in cyan-red striped shirt and white trousers Contrail♦★■ Yuichi Fukunaga Yoshito Yahagi Shinji Maeda North Hills [117]

Triple Tiara Winners

List of Japanese Triple Tiara winners
Year Portrait Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Ref
1986 Dark brown horse being led near stadium, with number 13 on her side and ridden by jockey in green shirt and yellow trousers Mejiro Ramonu♦■ Hiroshi Kawachi Shinji Okuhira Mejiro Bokujo Mejiro Bokujo [118][119]
2003 Bay horse with red-blue cross hood being led near stadium, with number 9 on her side and ridden by jockey in matching red-blue cross colours Still in Love■ Hideaki Miyuki Shōichi Matsumoto North Hills Shimokobe Farm
2010 Bayhorse with white stripe being led on racecourse, with number 15 on her side and a victory sash around her neck, ridden by jockey in matching black-yellow shirt and white trousers Apapane■ Masayoshi Ebina Sakae Kunieda Makoto Kaneko Northern Farm
2012 Brown horse with white star and wearing pink hat and blue coat, standing still at racecourse at nighttime, looking at camera Gentildonna♦▲■ Yasunari Iwata / Yuga Kawada Sei Ishizaka Sunday Racing Northern Farm
2018 Bay horse mid-race, with number 1 on his side and ridden by jockey in blue shirt with red spots and white trousers. Almond Eye♦▲■ Christophe Lemaire Sakae Kunieda Silk Racing Northern Farm
2020 Dark brown horse mid-race, with number 1 on his side and ridden by jockey in blue shirt with white wavey stripes and white trousers. Daring Tact★■ Kohei Matsuyama Haruki Sugiyama Normandy Thoroughbred Racing Hasegawa Bokujo
2023 Dark bay horse with white blaze mid-race, with number 9 on his side and ridden by jockey in black shirt with red cross and yellow striped sleeves and white trousers. Liberty Island■ Yuga Kawada Mitsumasa Nakauchida Sunday Racing Northern Farm

Dirt Triple Crown Winners

No horse has won the Dirt Triple Crown since its establishment.

Autumn Triple Crown Winners

List of Autumn Triple Crown winners
Year Portrait Winner Jockey Trainer Owner Breeder Ref
2000 Chestnut horse with front-left sock mid-race, with a number 1 on his side, ridden by a jockey in pink with green stip shirt and white trousers T. M. Opera O♦▲● Ryuji Wada Ichizō Iwamoto Masatsugu Takezono Kineusu Bokujo [120][121][122]
2004 Black horse being walked in parade circle with number 13 on his side Zenno Rob Roy▲● Olivier Peslier Kazuo Fujisawa Shinobu Osako Shiraoi Farm [123][124]

Spring Triple Crown Winners

No horse has won the Spring Triple Crown since its establishment.[87]

Notes

  1. 1 2 The awards were organised by the race magazines Keishū Sha between 1954 and 1971, and Yushun between 1972 to 1986. Since then, they have been organised by the JRA. No equivalent existed when Saint Lite was active.[13]
  2. ↑ Current restriction, limited to 3yo fillies and mares when still part of the Triple Tiara[37]
  3. ↑ Results for the Ōsaka Hai in 1990,[94] 2007,[95] 2011[96]

References

  1. ↑ "Japanese Triple Crown: List of Japanese Triple Crown Winners. Orfevre becomes 8th winner of Triple Crown". netkeiba. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2026. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  2. ↑ "Japanese Classics Entries / Declaration Procedures". Horse Racing in Japan. 24 October 2025. Archived from the original on 11 March 2026. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  3. 1 2 ジャパンC＆有馬記念　1着賞金5億円に！牡馬3冠なら総額10億円、牝馬3冠ボーナスも新設 [Japan Cup & Arima Kinen: First-place prize money increased to 500 million yen! If a colt achieves the Triple Crown, the total prize money will reach 1 billion yen, and a bonus for the Fillies' Triple Crown will also be introduced.]. Sponichi Annex (in Japanese). 19 November 2022. Archived from the original on 26 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  4. ↑ "Favorite Croix du Nord Conquers Tokyo Yushun". Horse Racing in Japan. 1 June 2025. Archived from the original on 2 January 2026. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  5. ↑ "Lovcen Wins Gate-To-Wire in Record Smashing Time in This Year's Satsuki Sho". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 17 May 2026. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  6. ↑ "Energico Dominates in Kikuka Sho (Japanese St. Leger)". Horse Racing in Japan. 26 October 2025. Archived from the original on 3 January 2026. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  7. ↑ 2001年から年齢表記を変更 [Age Notation to Change Starting in 2001]. netkeiba (in Japanese). 18 January 2000. Archived from the original on 7 April 2026. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
  8. 1 2 Meiba Collection 2022, pp. 47–49, Saint Lite.
  9. ↑ "Kikuka Sho 2024". netkeiba. 15 October 2024. Archived from the original on 12 September 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  10. ↑ Tsubuyori, Mimyori (2025). GI マメちしき: 菊花賞の格言 [G1 Trivia: Sayings about the Kikuka Sho] (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Racing Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2026. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  11. ↑ 【日本ダービー】「最も運のある馬が勝つ」の格言は令和の時代も変わらない？ [[Japan Derby] Does the saying "the luckiest horse wins" remain true in the Reiwa era?]. SPAIA競馬 (in Japanese). 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 25 December 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  12. ↑ 競馬の殿堂 [Horse Racing Hall of Fame]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 3 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  13. ↑ JRA70周年特設: ヒーローズガチャ [JRA 70th Anniversary Special: Heroes Lottery]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  14. 1 2 3 JRA賞: バックナンバー [JRA Awards: Past Editions]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 27 April 2026. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  15. ↑ 競馬データベースクラシック [Horse Racing Database Classic]. netkeiba (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 25 July 2026. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  16. ↑ エアシャカール [Air Shakur]. JRA-VAN (in Japanese). 22 December 2002. Archived from the original on 29 September 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  17. ↑ Wood, Greg (25 July 2000). "Perfection the aim as Japanese tackle Montjeu". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2 May 2026. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  18. ↑ 幻の三冠馬フジキセキが死亡 頚椎損傷 [Fuji Kiseki, the phantom Triple Crown winner, has died from a cervical spine injury]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). 29 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  19. ↑ Chikara, Kawai (21 November 2025). 『ウマ娘』のプロフィールにも記される「幻の三冠」― サンデー産駒初のＧＩ勝ちを決めたフジキセキの凄み [The ‘Phantom Triple Crown’ in Uma Musume lore — The brilliance of Fuji Kiseki as the first Sunday Silence progeny to win a G1] (in Japanese). Sportiva. Archived from the original on 12 November 2025. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
  20. ↑ 光速のレジェンド(アグネスタキオン) [The Lightspeed Legend (Agnes Tachyon)]. netkeiba (in Japanese). 16 September 2013. Archived from the original on 2 May 2026. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  21. ↑ "クリフジ" [Kurifuji]. Thoroughbred Horse Heritage Centre. JBBA. Archived from the original on 8 April 2026. Retrieved 15 November 2025.
  22. ↑ Meiba Collection 2022, pp. 54, 48 Dual Crown Winners.
  23. ↑ "Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas) (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 30 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  24. ↑ 皐月賞 [Satsuki Sho]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  25. ↑ 第44回 皐月賞(ＧＩ) [The 44th Satsuki Sho (G1)]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 3 October 2025. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  26. ↑ "Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby) (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. Archived from the original on 26 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  27. ↑ 東京優駿 [Tokyo Yushun]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 26 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  28. ↑ 第51回　東京優駿（ＧＩ） [The 51st Tokyo Yushun]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 20 April 2026. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  29. ↑ "Kikuka Sho (Japanese St. Leger) (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. Archived from the original on 28 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  30. ↑ 菊花賞 [Kikuka-sho]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 30 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  31. ↑ 第45回　菊花賞（ＧＩ） [The 45th Kikuka-sho (G1)]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  32. 1 2 "Japanese Triple Tiara: List of Japanese Triple Tiara Winners. Liberty Island becomes 7th winner of Triple Tiara". netkeiba. 20 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 August 2025. Retrieved 15 November 2025.
  33. ↑ "Shuka Sho (G1) – Almond Eye Sweeps Three-Year-Old Fillies' Triple". Horse Racing in Japan. 14 October 2018. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  34. 1 2 Meiba Collection 2022, pp. 54.
  35. ↑ Down, Alastair (16 January 2017). "Fillies triple crown star one to savour for Cecil and Cauthen". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 30 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  36. 1 2 エリザベス女王杯 (GI) [Queen Elizabeth II Cup (G1)]. JRA センテニアル・パーク京都競馬場 [JRA Centennial Park Kyoto Racecourse] (in Japanese). 6 March 2023. Archived from the original on 11 December 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2026.
  37. 1 2 "Cervinia Dominates in Shuka Sho-Last Gem of Triple Crown for Fillies". Horse Racing in Japan. 13 October 2024. Archived from the original on 17 September 2025. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  38. ↑ Tahara, Motonari (16 October 2023). リバティアイランドで7頭目……なぜ「牝馬三冠馬」は誕生しやすいのか？ [With Liberty Island becoming the seventh, why is it that Fillies Triple Crown winners’ are born so frequently?]. Sports Bull (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 25 May 2026. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
  39. ↑ Meiba Collection 2022, pp. 4, Why is a Triple Crown winner so extraordinary?.
  40. ↑ メジロラモーヌ: 3分でわかった気になる名馬 [Mejiro Ramone: A Legendary Racehorse Explained in 3 Minutes]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 12 December 2025. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  41. ↑ "Oka Sho (Japanese 1000 Guineas) (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 29 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  42. ↑ 桜花賞 [Oka Sho]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  43. ↑ 第44回 桜花賞（ＧＩ） [The 44th Oka Sho (G1)]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  44. ↑ "Yushun Himba (Japanese Himba) (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 14 January 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  45. ↑ 優駿牝馬 [Yushun Himba]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  46. ↑ 第45回　優駿牝馬（ＧＩ） [The 45th Yushun Himba (G1)]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 10 February 2026. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  47. ↑ "Shuka Sho (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 30 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  48. ↑ 秋華賞 [Shuka Sho]. デイリースポーツ Online [Daily Sports Online] (in Japanese). 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  49. ↑ 第1回 秋華賞(ＧＩ) [The 1st Shuka Sho (G1)]. Japan Racing Association (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 January 2026. Retrieved 25 May 2026.
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  51. ↑ "Queen Elizabeth II Cup (G1)". Horse Racing in Japan. 19 April 2026. Archived from the original on 29 April 2026. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
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  54. 1 2 3 4 5 3歳ダート三冠競走を中心とした2・3歳馬競走の体系整備について [Regarding the restructuring of the racing system for 2 and 3-year-olds, centered around the 3-Year-Old Dirt Triple Crown]. National Association of Racing. 20 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
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Bibliography

  • Meiba Collection Editorial Department, ed. (April 2022). 名馬コレクション 偉大なる三冠馬 [Famous Horse Collection: The Great Triple Crown Winners] (in Japanese). Guideworks. ISBN 978-4867103050.
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