Television in Uzbekistan

Television in Uzbekistan was introduced in 1956 when Uzbekistan was part of the Soviet Union. The first national television channel was Oʻzbekiston, which originally broadcast in black and white; colour television being introduced in the 1970s. At its launch, Oʻzbekiston was the only TV channel, and it broadcast several times a day. Uzbekistan's first private television channel, STV, started broadcasting on 15 May 1991.

In 2005, there were 30–40 independent television stations in operation. However, four state-owned television stations, run by the Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan, dominated the market. No live programming was allowed.

History

Television broadcasting in the Uzbek SSR began on 5 November 1956. A new studio complex which had one broadcasting and one mock-up studio was built.[1][2] By 1964, television had been introduced to Karakalpakstan.[3]

Folloing the independence of Uzbekistan the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan (NTRC) was created.[4] It operated three channels: UzTV-1, UzTV-2 (with programmes from the Toshkent studio) and UzTV-3 (which was divided between ORT relays and Omad).[5] The first private TV station, STV, began broadcasting in Samarkand on 15 May 1991, months before independence.[6] Around 1994–95, the station acquired the rights to air TV-6 Moscow.[7] In 1998, UzTV-2 was reformatted as Yoshlar and the Toshkent studio moved to UzTV-4, later renamed to TTV and now known as Toshkent.

In 2004, several independent TV stations created NTT, the Network of Independent Television Companies.[8] This was followed by TV Markaz, SofTS and Forum TV, all of which had links to Gulnara Karimova.

Uzbekistan became the first country in the Commonwealth of Independent States to launch a terrestrial HD channel, UzHD, in late 2011.[9] On 21 October 2013, NTT, Forum TV, TV Markaz and SofTS all shut down their operations due to an apparent "witch hunt" against Gulnara Karimova and her Terra Group.[10] On 15 August 2019, the DVB-T network was switched off; terrestrial television now employs the DVB-T2 standard.[11]

Subscription television

The first subscription television service was Kamalak TV, an Uzbek-American joint venture established in 1992 that used [Multichannel multipoint distribution service] (MMDS) technology.[12] It shut down on 1 September 2010 and subscribers were told to move to Stars TV or the government-supported Uzdigital TV, a digital terrestrial operator with subscription services, which had started months earlier.[13]

In September 2012, Uzdigital TV reached one million subscribers.[14]

In November 2022, foreign news channels were added to the platform in an attempt to reduce the influence of state and Russian propaganda sources.[15]

Government and private channels

References

  1. ↑ "К 60-летию нашего телевидения. История радио и ТВ Узбекистана" [For the 60th Anniversary of Our Television: The History of Radio and Television in Uzbekistan] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  2. ↑ "Деятельность Компартии Узбекистана по усилению роли телевидения в коммунистическом воспитании трудящихся в условиях развитого социализма" [The Activities of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan to Strengthen the Role of Television in the Communist Education of Working People under the Conditions of Developed Socialism.] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  3. ↑ A. Qoshanov, O. Dospanov, T. Uzakhbergenova "Qaraqalpaqstan tariyxı", Nókis "Bilim" −2018
  4. ↑ "Положение о Государственной телерадиовещательной компании Узбекистана" [Regulations on the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company of Uzbekistan.] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  5. ↑ TV programs, Pravda Vostoka, 26 December 1994-1 January 1995, page 3
  6. ↑ Юсупалиева Д.К. ""Некоторые страницы деятельности региональных телевещательных компаний в Узбекистане"" [Some Aspects of the Activities of Regional Television Broadcasting Companies in Uzbekistan]. Culture. Spirituality. Society. (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 November 2023.
  7. ↑ "Fariddin Sharapov: I Was at the Origins of Independent Broadcasting in Uzbekistan". TKT1957. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024. In the distant 1994–95, [...] granted us exclusive rights to retransmit the TV-6 channel across Uzbekistan.
  8. ↑ Dinora, Kallibeokva. НОДАВЛАТ ҲУДУДИЙ ТЕЛЕКАНАЛЛАР СТРУКТУРАСИ ВА ФАОЛИЯТИГА УМУМИЙ ТАВСИФ [General Overview of the Structure and Activities of Non-State Regional Television Channels] (in Uzbek). ISSN 2181-3337.
  9. ↑ "Запущен телеканал высокой четкости «Uz.HD»" [A High-Definition Television Channel Has Been Launched. "Uz. HD"].
  10. ↑ "Karimovaning telekanallari nimaga ishlamayapti?" [Why Aren’t Karimova’s TV Channels Working?]. BBC Uzbek (in Uzbek). 22 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  11. ↑ "O'zbekistonda 15-avgustdan DVB-T standartida efirga uzatish to'xtatiladi" [Broadcasting in the DVB-T Standard Will Be Discontinued in Uzbekistan Starting August 15]. Daryo.uz (in Uzbek). Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  12. ↑ Interflo. BP.R. Surovell. 1996. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "«Камалак ТВ» прекратит вещание в сентябре" [KamalakTV will shut down in September] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 September 2010.
  14. ↑ "EUROPE & EURASIA MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (pdf) on 5 July 2017.
  15. ↑ "Targ'ibotning zahri kesilishi uchun horij TV kanallarining ochilishi ayni muddao bo'ldi" [Opening Access to Foreign TV Channels Was Just What Was Needed to Blunt the Effects of Propaganda] (in Uzbek).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)


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