Sukhothai province

Sukhothai
สุโขทัย
Province
Wat Maha That
Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat
Wat Chang Lom
Wat Si Chum
Wat Sopharam in Si Samrong
Wat Thung Saliam
Sawankhalok City Pillar Shrine
Ramkhamhaeng National Park
Si Satchanalai National Park
Flag of Sukhothai
Flag
Official seal of Sukhothai
Seal
Mottoes: 
มรดกโลกล้ำเลิศ กำเนิดลายสือไทย เล่นไฟลอยกระทง ดำรงพุทธศาสนา งามตาผ้าตีนจก สังคโลกทองโบราณ สักการแม่ย่าพ่อขุน รุ่งอรุณแห่งความสุข
("Amazing world heritages, origin of Lai Sue Thai, Loy Krathong fireworks, preserve Buddhism, beautiful Tin Chok cloth, ancient gold Sangkhalok, worship Mae Ya - Pho Khun, the dawn of happiness")
Map of Thailand highlighting Sukhothai province
Map of Thailand highlighting Sukhothai province
CountryThailand
CapitalSukhothai Thani
Government
 • GovernorNopparit Sirikosol
(since 2024)
Area
[1]
 • Total
6,671 km2 (2,576 sq mi)
 • Rank29th
Population
 (2024)[2]
 • Total
Decrease573,388
 • Rank44th
 • Density86/km2 (220/sq mi)
  • Rank54th
Human Achievement Index
[3]
 • HAI (2022)0.6292 "somewhat low"
Ranked 55th
GDP
[4]
 • Totalbaht 45 billion
(US$1.6 billion) (2019)
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code
64xxx
Calling code055
ISO 3166 codeTH-64
Websitesukhothai.go.th

Sukhothai (Thai: สุโขทัย, pronounced [sù.kʰǒː.tʰāj]) is a province in lower northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are Phrae, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, and Lampang. Sukhothai is located in the Yom river basin which has served as an important lifeline of the region since antiquity.[5] The name Sukhothai comes from Sanskrit meaning 'the dawn of happiness'.

The province is home to the capital city of the namesake 13th-century Sukhothai Kingdom, which is traditionally considered the first state of the Thai people.[5][6][7] The ruins of the historical cities of Sukhothai; its capital, and Si Satchanalai; its important city to the north, make up the group of monuments registered as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. There has been evidence of human settlement in the area dating back to the later Iron Age. The ancient city of Sukhothai can be traced back to the 12th century around the same period as the reign of Jayavarman VII,[8] before King Si Inthrathit founded the namesake kingdom, making the city its capital.

Rice production makes up majority of the province's economy, followed by sugarcane, durian, and tangerine productions. The province is considered a "minor tourist destination", receiving more than a million visitors in 2024,[9] generating over THB 250 million. Tourist attractions include Sukhohtai and Si Satchanalai Historical Parks; both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, two national parks, and one wildlife sanctuary. Visitors also come for its traditional production of Sangkhalok ceramic ware, and its annual celebration of Loy Krathong festival. UNESCO included the province as a part of the Creative Cities Network for the City of Crafts and Folk Arts in 2019.[10]

Etymology

The modern-day province of Sukhothai was named after the Sukhothai Kingdom, which its capital city of the same name is located in the province. The kingdom's name comes from Sanskrit sukha (सुख 'happiness') + udaya (उदय 'rise', 'emergence'), meaning 'dawn of happiness'.

Geography

The Yom River as it flows through the town centre of Si Samrong district

Sukhothai is located in lower Northern Thailand and shares its borders with; clockwise from north, Phrae, Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, and Lampang. The provincial capital, Sukhothai Thani is 427 kilometres (265 mi) north of Bangkok and 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of Chiang Mai. The province covers 6,671 km2 (2,576 sq mi) and the total forest area is 1,975 km2 (763 sq mi) or 29.6 percent of provincial area.[1] The province is characterized by mostly mountainous and hilly topography at 59% of the area, while the remaining 39% are lowland plains.[11] The highest point is Khao Luang range in the Ramkhamhaeng National Park at approximately 1,200 meters above sea level.[12] The range has four main peaks: Khao Phu Kha, Khao Phra Mae Ya, Khao Chedi, and Pha Narai.[13]

Most of the province lies within the basin of the Yom, its main river, while some eastern parts of Si Satchanalai and Si Nakhon belong to the Nan basin.[11] The Yom flows for 170 kilometres (110 mi) through five of the province's nine districts from its source northward in Phayao, southward to Bang Rakam in Phitsanulok. The river overflows yearly causing floods during the monsoon season with only one sluice at Ban Hat Saphan Chan in Sawankhalok district being incapable of handling the massive water flow during the peak monsoon. During the monsoon season, water level in flood-prone areas can reach up to 1.20 meters, lasting 4 months.[14] Many canals and streams arise from the Yom supplying most of the province, the majority of which are on the west bank of the river. The most important of which include the Mae Ramphan, Sarabop, Sam Phuang, and Mae Rak.[11]

The province has a tropical savanna climate with three seasons; summer (February to May), monsoon season (Mau to October), and Winter (November to January).[11]

History

Prang of Wat Phra Phai Luang
Historical affiliations

Khmer empire before 1238
Kingdom of Sukhothai 1238 – 1584
Thailand Kingdom of Ayutthaya 1584-1767
Thailand Kingdom of Thonburi 1767–1782
Thailand Kingdom of Siam 1782–1932
Thailand Kingdom of Thailand 1932–present

Earliest evidence of human settlement in modern-day Sukhothai province can be dated back to the late Iron Age with iron smelting as a main drive.[5] By the 9th century CE, the settlement expanded to the hillside of the Khao Luang mountain range and grew into bigger towns with Dvaravati cultural influences. The area came under cultural sphere of Khmer Empire by the 12th century CE, as evidenced by the construction of a Prang on Khao Pu Cha (Khiri Mat district) and Prasat Ta Pha Daeng (Sukhothai Historical Park). The city of Sukhothai itself can be traced back to the 12-th century CE, during the reign of Jayavarman VII of Khmer. At the time the city was built centered around the Wat Phra Phai Luang (Sukhothai Historical Park).[5]

Sukhothai was a town founded in the 13th century on the fringe of the Khmer empire. The exact year is unknown, but according to the Fine Arts Office it was between 1238 and 1257. Founded by Phokhun Si Intharathit, it was the first truly independent Thai (Siamese) Kingdom after defeating the Khmers. Sukhothai enjoyed a golden age under their third king, King Ramkhamhaeng, who was credited with creating the Khmer-derived Thai alphabet which is essentially the same as that in use today.[15] He also laid the foundation for politics, the monarchy and religion, as well as expanding its circle of influence. Sukhothai was later ruled by many kings. The province is most known for the historic city of Sukhothai, the capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom. It is about 12 km from the modern New Sukhothai city. Not far from Sukhothai are the Si Satchanalai Historical Park and the Kamphaeng Phet Historical Park. Both were cities in the former Sukhothai kingdom and at the same time period. Sukhothai Kingdom was merged into Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1438.

The province was at first known as Sawankhalok; it was renamed to Sukhothai in 1939.[16]

Protected areas

Ramkhamhaeng National Park in the south and Si Satchanalai National Park in the northwest are the two national parks located in the province, which falls under the supervision of regional office 14 (Tak).[17] The two national parks saw 22,767 and 13,617 visitors respectively in 2024.[18] Tham Chao Ram Wildlife Sanctuary, comprising 341 km2 (132 sq mi), is the province's only wildlife sanctuary.

Demographics

Per 2020 census, Sukhothai province has a population of 587,883; consisting of 284,949 male and 302,934 female. Mueang is the biggest district making up approximately 17.5% of the population, while Si Nakhon is the least populous district comprising approximately 4% of the province.[19] Per a 2025 report, 460 Thai citizens from Sukhothai province are working or have applied for a working visa abroad. The majority of which, 211, are in Taiwan.[20]

In 2016, approximately 2,300 inhabitants are registered ethnic minorities, consisting of Hmong (33.9%), Karen (33.6%), Mien (27.5%), and Lisu (4.9%). All of them reside in Si Satchanalai district[21]

Economy

Rice fields in Mueang Bang Khlang, Sawankhalok district

The Gross Provincial Product (GPP) as of 2022 valued at THB 53,021 million. Majority of Sukhothai province's economy is made up of agriculture sector at 50% of its GPP, following by service sector at 42%.[22] Rice production is the most important part of its economy, valued at more than THB 7,000 million, followed by sugarcane production at over THB 3,200 million, durians at THB 828 million, and tangerines at THB 825 million as of 2020-2021.[22]

Agriculture makes up 59% of the province's land use; nearly 57% of which are for growing rice. Its major agricultural products include rice, sugar canes, and cassavas, among others.[11] The province has three agricultural products with geographical indication specific to Sukhothai:[22]

Sukhothai is considered one of the country's most important producers of sugarcanes owing to its climate and topography. More than 2.6 million tonnes of sugarcanes were produced in 2021-2022, making it the fourth biggest producer in Northern Thailand.[23] Nam Oi Nuek is a local stye of brown sugar still produced in small scale in Ko Ta Liang, Si Samrong district. The production is labour-intensive and takes 5 months to make, making it a disappearing craft of the province.[24]

Bananas are also considered an important economic crop of Sukhothai province with over 7,000 rai of Thai banana plantation throughout the province. The number is also on the rise. Nong Tum in Kong Krailat district is home to one of Thailand's biggest centers of banana processing, where its cooperative enterprise founded in 1996 generating more than THB 1 billion in 2021 from processed banana products.[25] The biggest plantain plantation is located in Khlong Krachong, Sawankhalok district making up more than 7,000 rai. The locale is noted for its cooperative enterprise, manufacturing of container products from plantain leaves, exporting both domestically and internationally.[26][27]

Farmers drying rice paddy after harvest in March, at a temple in Kong Krailat district

Fishery makes up another important part of the province's economy with over 5,000 tonnes of fish caught in 2022.[22] Fishery has been historically significant with the local communities, with Yom River and its branches being the natural sources. The abundance of fish was associated with the local belief that "the Yom will never run out of fish". The number of fish in the wild has however decreased over the years. Kong Krailat district is an important fish processing hub, producing pla ra (fermented fish) and nam pla (fish sauce).[28][29]

Sukhothai is home to the regional factory and office for lower Northern Thailand of the state enterprise Dairy Farming Promotion Organization of Thailand, located in Si Nakhon district. Dairy farming in the province began in 1995, however it faced a decline beginning in 2003 with 66 dairy farms remaining as of 2010.[30]

18 products from Sukhothai province are listed OTOP.[22]

Tourism

A Sangkhalok ware workshop in Sukhothai old town

Tourism sector generated over THB 250 million for the province in 2024.[31] In the same year, Sukhothai province received 1,043,697 visitors; more than 90% of which are Thai nationals. The number has yet to resume to its peak 1.5 million visitors in 2019; since when the percentage of foreign visitors had also not resumed to its pre-2019 level of more than 27% of all visitors to the province.[9]

In the country's tourism, Sukhothai is considered one of the "minor destinations". Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) noted the province for its two historical parks (Sukhothai Historical Park and Si Satchanalai Historical Park), the preserved old town centre of Sawankhalok, as well as its many centres displaying the rich craftsmanship tradition including Sangkhalok ceramic ware, traditional pa tin chok weaving and pha mak khlon ("mud-fermented cloth") dyeing Si Satchanalai district. TAT also recommends two dishes; kuai tiao sukhothai (Sukhothai noodles), and khao poep; both unique to the province.[32]

Loy Krathong is an annual festival celebrated all over the country with history dating back to the Sukhothai Kingdom, hence it is one of the province's most important event of the year. Sukhothai Historical Park hosts the event yearly with more than 50,000 visitors in a day and accumulated over 300,000 visitors across multiple days of the celebration in 2025.[33]

Administrative divisions

Map of nine districts

Provincial government

The province is divided into nine districts (amphoes). These are further divided into 86 subdistricts (tambons) and 782 villages (mubans).

  1. Mueang Sukhothai
  2. Ban Dan Lan Hoi
  3. Khiri Mat
  4. Kong Krailat
  5. Si Satchanalai
  6. Si Samrong
  7. Sawankhalok
  8. Si Nakhon
  9. Thung Saliam

Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[34] one Sukhothai Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 21 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Sukhothai, Sawankhalok and Si Satchanalai have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 18 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 69 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

Culture

Symbols

The provincial seal features King Ram Khamhaeng the Great sitting on the Managkhasila Asana throne.[35] Ram Khamhaeng was the third king of Sukhothai Kingdom during his rule, he introduced Lai Sue Thai as the Thai's first writing system, and adopted Theravada Buddhism as the national religion.

The provincial tree is Afzelia xylocarpa. The provincial flower is the Lotus (Nymphaea lotus). The provincial aquatic life is the ghost shetfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus) according to local legend about Phra Ruang, the one with sacred speech.

The provincial slogan is "Amazing world heritages, origin of Lai Sue Thai, Loy Krathong fireworks, preserve Buddhism, beautiful Tin Chok cloth, ancient gold Sangkhalok, worship Mae Ya - Pho Khun, the dawn of happiness".

Religions

Wat Nong Wong
Wat Sawang Arom Worawihan
Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat
Wat Rat Sattha Tham
The four phra aram luang of Sukhothai

As of 2014, 99.8% of the population practiced Buddhism, followed by Christianity at 0.2%.[36] Sukhothai has a total of 385 registered wat (temples) in 2022, with Si Satchanalai district containing the biggest number at 69 temples.[37] Four temples are granted royal status (phra aram luang) as of 2014; Wat Nong Wong, Wat Sawang Arom Worawihan (Sawankhalok district), Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat (Si Satchanalai district), and Wat Rat Sattha Tham (Si Nakhon district).[38]

Islam is a minority religion in Sukhothai. As-habul Jannah Mosque in Si Samrong district is the first mosque in Sukhothai province, opened in 2012.[39]

Phra Mae Ya (พระแม่ย่า) or Mae Ya (แม่ย่า) is a local Tai-folk female deity worshipped by the people of Sukhothai province. Her idol was originally discovered at a cave in Khiri Mat district, and was since moved to its present-day shrine in Sukhothai Thani. The deity is regarded as "the greatest spirit of all spirits" in Sukhothai and has been worshipped since the Sukhothai Kingdom era, being considered the province's guardian deity. She was assumed to be the spirit of Nang Sueang, the mother of King Ram Khamhaeng.[40][41]

Languages

Sukhothai dialect is a dialect of Thai. The language has been spoken since the formation of the Sukhothai Kingdom, some 700 years ago. It is distinct from central (Bangkok) Thai in both tone and vocabulary and is thought to be similar to proto-Tai in tone structure, an ancestor to the modern Thai language.[42] Sukhothai dialect shares its phonology with standard Thai, except for its tonal system.[43] Sukhothai has the low tone and rising tone swapped.[44]

Northern Thai language or Kham Mueang is spoken primarily in the western mountainous region of the province, while the northern mountainous region has Kham Mueang spoken interchangeably with Thai. The border between speakers of Thai and Kham Mueang is placed at between Si Samrong district and Thung Saliam district, and in the northern part of Si Satchanalai district. Northeastern Thai or Isan is spoken in some areas of Hat Siao in Si Satchanalai district and Khlong Maphlap in Si Nakhon district.[45]

Infrastructure

Transport

Sawankhalok railway station

There are five highways traversing Sukhothai:

  • Highway 12 connects the eastern districts starting at Ban Dan Lan Hoi and passing Muang and Kong Krailat districts to Phitsanulok province.
  • Highway 101, starting at Si Satchanalai District, connects the northern districts to the southern districts and passing Sawankhalok, Si Samrong, Muang and Khiri Mat Districts to Kamphaeng Phet province.
  • Highway 102 connects Si Satchanalai District to Uttaradit province.
  • Highway 1180 connects Sawankhalok District to Si Nakhon District and Uttaradit province.
  • Highway 1048 connects Sawankhalok District to Thung Saliam District and Lampang province.

Opened in 1996, Sukhothai Airport in Sawankhalok district serves the province. It is privately owned by Bangkok Airways who maintains the monopoly status operating flights in and out of the airport with Bangkok being its only destination.[46]

Sukhothai province is served by Sawankhalok Line, a branch line splitting from the Chiang Mai Main Line at Ban Dara Junction. The province is home to two stations; Khlong Maphlap (Si Nakhon district), and Sawankhalok (Sawankhalok district), where the line terminates. The line was established in 1909 by the order of King Chulalongkorn in order to connect the city of Sawankhalok to the rail system.[47]

As of 2026, the state enterprise, Transport Company Limited, runs routes from Bangkok to Mueang and Sawankhalok. Win Tour is a local bus company that runs bus routes between more locations in the province to Bangkok, Phitsanulok, and Chiang Mai.[48]

Healthcare

Sukhothai province has two main general hospitals; Sukhothai Hospital (Mueang district), and Srisangworn Sukhothai Hospital (Si Samrong district) with the latter being the province's first hospital, founded by a Buddhist monk in 1948.[49][50] The two hospitals serve as referral nodes, responsible for each half of the province's 9 districts. In total, Sukhothai province has 12 hospitals as of 2014. 9 of which are public hospitals; one in each district, and 3 are private. Together more than 1,200 healthcare providers and 900 beds were available.[36]

Education

Sukhothai province has 2,932 educational institutions as of 2025; of which none are universities.[51]

Human achievement index 2022

Health Education Employment Income
53 49 74 44
Housing Family Transport Participation
32 47 49 21
Province Sukhothai, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6292 is "somewhat low", occupies place 55 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[3]

RankClassification
  1 - 13"high"
14 - 29"somewhat high"
30 - 45"average"
46 - 61"somewhat low"
62 - 77"low"

References

  1. 1 2 "Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019". Royal Forest Department. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  2. ↑ "Official statistics registration systems". Department of Provincial Administration (DOPA). Retrieved 10 February 2025. , year 2024, provincial level, Excel File, no.64
  3. 1 2 "ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)" [Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 March 2024. , page 79
  4. ↑ "Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition". Gross Regional and Provincial Product. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019. ISSN 1686-0799. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 วัลลิโภดม, ศรีศักร (2019). "กำเนิดสุโขทัย รัฐแรกเริ่มของชนชาติไทยในสยามประเทศ" [Formation of Sukhothai, first state of Thai ethnicity in the Siamese land] (in Thai).
  6. ↑ เอกชัย, สนิทสุดา (2019-11-19). "ทำไมต้องเลิกเชื่อว่าสุโขทัยเป็นอาณาจักรแรก" [Why [we] have to stop believing that Sukhothai was the first kingdom] (in Thai).
  7. ↑ "เมื่อ "สุโขทัย" (ถูกทำให้) เป็น "ราชธานี" แห่งแรกของ "ชาติไทย"" [When "Sukhothai" (was made) the first "capital" of "Thai country"]. Silpa Mag (in Thai). 2024-07-28.
  8. ↑ ภิรมย์เกียรติ, สันทนา (2002). "การวางผังบริเวณพุทธสถานสมัยสุโขทัยบริเวณเมืองเก่าสุโขทัย" [Plan of Sukhothai-era Buddhist sites in Sukhothai old town] (PDF) (in Thai). Silpakorn University.
  9. 1 2 "นักท่องเที่ยวของสุโขทัยที่เพิ่มขึ้น" [Increased tourists to Sukhothai]. Sukhothai Data Log (in Thai).
  10. ↑ "About | Sukhothai | Cities | Creative City Development by CEA (TH)". creativecity.cea.or.th (in Thai). Retrieved 2026-03-10.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "รายงานแผนหลักการพัฒนาลุ่มน้ํา จังหวัดสุโขทัย" [Water basin development report, Sukhothai province] (PDF). Royal Irrigation Department (in Thai). December 2018.
  12. ↑ ""เขาหลวงสุโขทัย" เที่ยวภูเขา เดินป่า เอาชนะตัวเอง" ["Khao Luang Sukhothai" visit mountains, forest walking, winning over yourself] (in Thai). Thairath. 2020-11-21.
  13. ↑ "Ramkhamhaeng national park, Sukhothai province, Thailand". www.trekthailand.net. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  14. ↑ "นักวิชาการแจงเหตุ ทำไมน้ำจึงท่วมสุโขทัยทุกปี" [Academics explained, why Sukhothai got flooded every year]. Matichon (in Thai). 2024-08-24.
  15. ↑ "Sukhothai". Tourthai.net. 2006. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
  16. ↑ "พระราชกฤษฎีกาเปลี่ยนนามจังหวัดและอำเภอบางแห่ง พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๒" (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 56 (ก): 351–353. April 17, 1939. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008.
  17. ↑ "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง" [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  18. ↑ "สถิตินักท่องเที่ยวที่เข้าไปอุทยนห่งชาติ ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ. 2567" [Statistics of tourists visiting national parks in fiscal year 2024]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 6 September 2025.
  19. ↑ "สถิติจำนวนประชากรในจังหวัดสุโขทัย ปี 2559-2563" [Population statistics, Sukhothai province (2558-2563 B.E.)]. สำนักงานสถิติจังหวัดสุโขทัย (in Thai).
  20. ↑ "รายงานสถานการณ์และดัชนีชี้วัดภาวะแรงงานจังหวัดสุโขทัย ไตรมาส 1 ปี 2568" (PDF). สำนักแรงงานจังหวัดสุโขทัย.
  21. ↑ "ข้อมูลประชากรกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ พื้นที่ 20 จังหวัด" [Ethinicity population data, 20 provinces]. ศูนย์อนามัยกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ ชายขอบ และแรงงานข้ามชาติ (in Thai).
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 "ข้อมูลจังหวัดสุโขทัย" [Sukhothai province fact sheet]. สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงเกษตรและสหกรณ์ (in Thai). 2023.
  23. ↑ Tredara, Marisa (2022). "AN ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS IN SUKHOTHAI" (PDF). Naresuan University.
  24. ↑ "หาดูได้ยาก! น้ำอ้อยหนึก สูตรโบราณ เหนียวหนึบ เนื้อแน่น ของดีสุโขทัย". Khaosod. 2022-03-22.
  25. ↑ "หนองตูม อำเภอกงไกรลาศ สุโขทัย อาณาจักรกล้วยพันล้าน" [Nong Tum, Kong Krailat district, the million [Baht] kingdom of bananas]. เทคโนโลยีชาวบ้าน (in Thai). 2022-01-14.
  26. ↑ "ชาวสวนกล้วยสุโขทัยแปรรูปใบตองใช้แทนถ้วยโฟม" [Banana farmers in Sukhothai processed banana leaves for use in place of foam]. Post Today (in Thai). 2019-03-21.
  27. ↑ "ใบตอง"-คลองกระจง-–-บางยม-ส่งออกยุโรป-อเมริกา-ออสเตรเลีย-ขายบน-amazon-เผยสุโขทัยรวมตัวปลูกนับหมื่นไร่/ ""ใบตอง" คลองกระจง – บางยม ส่งออกยุโรป, อเมริกา, ออสเตรเลีย ขายบน Amazon เผยสุโขทัยรวมตัวปลูกนับหมื่นไร่" ["Banana leaves" of Khlong Krachong - Bang Yom exporting to Europe, America, Australia, sold on Amazon with more than 10,000 rai of plantation]. มูลนิธิสัมมาชีพ (in Thai). 2019-04-04.
  28. ↑ วิเชียรโชติ, ปริวัฒน์ (2023-12-14). "น้าอิ๋ว ชาวประมง: กระบวนวิธีได้มาซึ่งปลาน้ำยมของคนสุโขทัย" [Na Iw the fisherman: steps in obtaining Yom river fish of Sukhothai people]. Greenery.org (in Thai).
  29. ↑ "วิถีประมงที่กงไกรลาศ" [Fisherman's way of life in Kong Krailat]. Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (in Thai).
  30. ↑ Phokad, Prasret; Kantanamalakul, Chittima; Putsakum, Monticha. "Dairy Farm Management Following Good Agricultural Practices: A Case Study of Sukhothai Province" (PDF).
  31. ↑ "รายได้ที่เพิ่มขึ้นจากการท่องเที่ยว" [Increased tourism incomes]. Sukhothai Data Log (in Thai).
  32. ↑ "Amazing Journey Go Local : สุโขทัย เมืองรองของไทยต้องไปให้รู้". Amazing Thailand. 2023-03-03.
  33. ↑ "นทท.กว่า 3 แสนคนแห่เที่ยวงานลอยกระทงสุโขทัยคึกคัก เผยประทับใจตลาดย้อนยุค". 2025-11-04.
  34. ↑ "Number of local government organizations by province". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019. , 66 Sukhothai, 1 PAO, 3 Town mun., 18 Subdistrict mun., 69 SAO.
  35. ↑ "General Information". Sukhothai.go.th. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  36. 1 2 "แผนยุทธศาสตร์การพัฒนา พ.ศ. 2557-2562" (PDF). องค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดสุโขทัย.
  37. ↑ "ทะเบียนวัดในจังหวัดสุโขทัย" (PDF). สำนักงานพระพุทธศาสนาจังหวัดสุโขทัย. 2022-07-08.
  38. ↑ "รายงานทะเบียนวัด จังหวัดสุโขทัย" (PDF). 2014-03-31.
  39. ↑ "จุฬาราชมนตรีเป็นประธานเปิดมัสยิดแห่งแรกในสุโขทัย". สำนักงจุฬาราชมนตรี.
  40. ↑ พุฒซ้อน, พชรพงษ์ (2018-09-24). พระขยุงผีเทพยดา : "พระแม่ย่า" สิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์คู่เมืองสุโขทัย. มูลนิธิเล็ก-ประไพ วิริยะพันธุ์.
  41. ↑ "พระแม่ย่าสุโขทัย". Museum Thailand.
  42. ↑ Hudak, Thomas J. "Some Historical Background of Thai Language" (Taken from Comrie, Bernard (ed.) The World's Major Languages. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990). Thai Audio Resource Center (ARC). Thammasat University. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  43. ↑ หมั่นยิ่ง, วัฒนชัย (2022-12-15). "ระบบเสียงและโครงสร้างพยางค์ในภาษาถิ่นสุโขทัย". วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์. 22 (3). Thammasat University. doi:10.14456/lartstu.2022.49.
  44. ↑ คำบุญรัตน์, กาญจนี (2024-07-27). "วิถีชีวิตคนสุโขทัยเมื่อกาลก่อน จากศิลาจารึก และเรื่องสำเนียงภาษาที่ผิดธรรมดา". ศิลปวัฒนธรรม.
  45. ↑ วีสกุล, วารี (2024-03-26). "ภูมิศาสตร์ภาษาจังหวัดสุโขทัย : การศึกษาโดยใช้ศัพท์". วิทยานิพนธ์อักษรศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต, จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย. Chulalongkorn University. doi:10.58837/CHULA.THE.1983.610.
  46. ↑ "สนามบินสุโขทัย" [Sukhothai Airport]. องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลคลองกระจง. Retrieved 2026-04-14.
  47. ↑ "ชาวสวรรคโลกดีใจรถไฟวิ่งแล้วหลังหยุดวิ่ง3ปี". อปท นิวส์. 2023-07-16.
  48. ↑ "สุโขทัยธานี (วินทัวร์)".
  49. ↑ "สมศักดิ์ ยกระดับ 'โรงพยาบาลสุโขทัย และศรีสังวร' รวมกันเท่า รพ.พุทธชินราช -". Hfocus.org. 2025-04-14.
  50. ↑ "รพ.ศรีสังวรจัดงานครบรอบ 70 ปี รพ.แห่งแรกของ จ.สุโขทัย". Hfocus.org. 2018-09-13.
  51. ↑ "สารสนเทศด้านการศึกษา ปีการศึกษา 2568 สำนักงานศึกษาธิการจังหวัดสุโขทัย กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ". Ministry of Education (Thailand).
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