Subotica Synagogue

Subotica Synagogue
Суботичка синагога
Szabadkai zsinagóga
Subotica Synagogue, pictured in 2020
Religion
AffiliationNeolog Judaism
RiteNusach Ashkenaz
  • Synagogue (1903–1976)
  • Cultural center (2018–)
StatusClosed (as a synagogue)
Location
LocationTrg Jakaba i Komora 6, Subotica
CountrySerbia
Interactive map of Subotica Synagogue
Coordinates46°06′13″N 19°40′04″E / 46.10361°N 19.66778°E / 46.10361; 19.66778
Architecture
Architects
TypeSynagogue architecture
Style
Establishedc. 1890 (as a congregation)
Groundbreaking1901
Completed1903
Specifications
Height (max)40 m (130 ft)
DomeOne
Dome height (outer)
40 m (130 ft)
Dome height (inner)
23 m (75 ft)
Dome dia. (outer)
12.6 m (41 ft)
TypeCultural Monument of Exceptional Importance
Designated1975
Reference no.СК 1035 [1][2]

The Subotica Synagogue (Serbian: Суботичка синагога; Hungarian: Szabadka zsinagóga), officially the Jakab and Komor Square Synagogue (Serbian: Синагога на тргу Јакаба и Комора; Hungarian: Jakab és Komor téri zsinagóga), is a former Neolog Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in Subotica, Serbia. It is the second largest synagogue building in Europe after the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest.[3][4]

Renovated in a multi-million project and re-opened to public in 2018, the synagogue is repurposed to a cultural venue, available at the same time to the small local Jewish community as a synagogue for services.[5]

The Subotica Synagogue was designated a national heritage site of great importance in 1974 and was elevated to national heritage site of exceptional importance 1990, and it is protected by the state.

Architecture

Completed in 1903 in the Hungarian Art Nouveau style (Szecessió), the Subotica Synagogue is one of the finest surviving pieces of religious architecture in the art nouveau style and the only surviving Hungarian Art Nouveau Jewish place of worship in the world.[6] Erected by a prosperous Jewish community, with approximately 3,000 members, between 1901 and 1903, it highlighted the double, Hungarian-Jewish identity of its builders, who lived in a multi-ethnic, but predominantly Roman Catholic city, which was at the time the third largest in the Kingdom of Hungary and the tenth largest in Austria-Hungary.

The Jewish community hired Dezső Jakab and Marcell Komor, who would later make a significant imprint on the architecture of Subotica and Palić, the resort town near the city. The architects were ardent followers of Ödön Lechner, the father of Hungarian Art Nouveau-style architecture, and later partisans of this movement, which unified Hungarian folklore elements with some Jewish structural principles and sometimes even Jewish motifs.

Besides lending the synagogue a distinct double identity in architectural terms, Jakab and Komor created a new space-conception of synagogue architecture in Hungary and deployed modern steel structure as well as an advanced technique of vaulting. Unlike period synagogues in Hungary that featured a predominantly basilica-like arrangement with a nave and two aisles, with or without a dome, this synagogue achieves a unified, tent-like central space under the sun, painted in gold on the apex of the dome. The women's gallery and the dome are supported by four pairs of steel pillars covered with gypsum with a palm leaf relief. The large dome is a self-supporting, 3-to-5-centimetre (1.2 to 2.0 in) thin shell-structure, formed in the spirit of Hungarian folklore. While many other synagogues utilized light structures, they usually mimicked traditional arches and vaults. The novelty of this synagogue is the sincere display of modern structure and modernity in general, of which Jews have been important advocates and generators.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Subotica Synagogue". World Monuments Watch. World Monuments Fund. May 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  2. ↑ "Subotica Synagogue". srbija-projektieu.rs. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ↑ "Druga najveća sinagoga u Evropi nalazi se u Srbiji i KONAČNO će biti obnovljena" (in Serbian). 9 March 2017.
  4. ↑ Subotić, Jelena (2019). Yellow Star, Red Star: Holocaust Remembrance after Communism. Ithaca, NY & London: Cornell University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-5017-4240-8.
  5. ↑ "Serbia: magnificent Subotica synagogue officially reopened". Jewish Heritage Europe. 27 March 2018.
  6. ↑ "Subotica". Duke University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
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