Prostaglandin-D synthase
| prostaglandin-D synthase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Human Prostaglandin-D2 synthase. PDB 2wwp | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 5.3.99.2 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 65802-85-9 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| BRENDA | enzyme data | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | enzyme entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| Rhea | reactions | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In enzymology, a prostaglandin-D synthase (EC 5.3.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin D2. In humans, there are two proteins that catalyze this reaction, encoded by the genes PTGDS and HPGDS. Using systematic notation, the chemical reaction is
- (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13- dienoate (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate
Thus, the substrate of this enzyme is (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate (aka PGH2), whereas its product is (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate (aka PGD2).
This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically a class of other intramolecular oxidoreductases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (5,13) - (15S)-9alpha,11alpha-epidioxy-15-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate Delta-isomerase. Other names in everyday use include prostaglandin-H2 Delta-isomerase, prostaglandin-R-prostaglandin D isomerase, and PGH-PGD isomerase. This enzyme participates in arachidonic acid metabolism.
In March 2012, American scientists reported a discovery that shows this enzyme triggers male baldness.[1] According to the discovery, levels of this enzyme are elevated in the cells of hair follicles located in bald patches on the scalp, but not in hairy areas. The research could lead to a cream to treat baldness.
Structural studies
As of late 2001, 7 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes PDB: 1IYH, PDB: 1IYI, PDB: 1PD2, PDB: 1V40, PDB: 2CZT, PDB: 2CZU, and PDB: 2E4J.
See also
- Prostaglandin D2 synthase (Glutathione-Independent type)
- Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (Glutathione-Dependent type)
References
- ↑ Garza, L. A.; Liu, Y.; Yang, Z.; Alagesan, B.; Lawson, J. A.; Norberg, S. M.; Loy, D. E.; Zhao, T.; Blatt, H. B.; Stanton, D. C.; Carrasco, L.; Ahluwalia, G.; Fischer, S. M.; Fitzgerald, G. A.; Cotsarelis, G. (2012). "Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia". Science Translational Medicine. 4 (126): 126ra34. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122. PMC 3319975. PMID 22440736.
- Christ-Hazelhof E, Nugteren DH (1979). "Purification and characterisation of prostaglandin endoperoxide D-isomerase, a cytoplasmic, glutathione-requiring enzyme". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 572 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(79)90198-x. PMID 32914.
- Shimizu T, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O (1979). "Purification and properties of prostaglandin D synthetase from rat brain". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (12): 5222–8. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)50582-2. PMID 109431.