Osornophryne
| Osornophryne | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Osornophryne simpsoni | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976 |
| Type species | |
| Osornophryne percrassa | |
| Diversity | |
| 12 species (see text) | |
Osornophryne (Osorno's toadlets[1] or plump toads) is a genus of true toads[2][3] endemic to the Cordillera Central in Colombia and central Andes in Ecuador.[2]
Species
| Binomial name and author[2][3] | Common name |
|---|---|
| Osornophryne antisana Hoogmoed, 1987 | Napo plump toad |
| Osornophryne backshalli Reyes-Puig, Urgilés-Merchán, Ortega-Andrade, Cisneros-Heredia, Carrión-Olmedo & Yánez-Muñoz 2025 | Steve Backshall’s Andean Toad |
| Osornophryne bufoniformis (Peracca, 1904) | Peracca's plump toad |
| Osornophryne cofanorum Mueses-Cisneros, Yánez-Muñoz, and Guayasamin, 2010 | |
| Osornophryne guacamayo Hoogmoed, 1987 | Guacamayo plump toad |
| Osornophryne occidentalis Cisneros-Heredia and Gluesenkamp, 2011 | |
| Osornophryne percrassa Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976 | Herveo plump toad |
| Osornophryne puruanta Gluesenkamp & Guayasamin, 2008 | |
| Osornophryne simpsoni Páez-Moscoso, Guayasamin, and Yánez-Muñoz, 2011 | |
| Osornophryne sumacoensis Gluesenkamp, 1995 | |
| Osornophryne talipes Cannatella, 1986 | Cannatella's plump toad |
Osornophryne angel, a species described in 2011, is considered a synonym of Osornophryne bufoniformis.[4]
Distribution
The genus occurs in Colombia (Antioquia Department) and the central Andes of Ecuador.[1]
Description
Osornophryne are small to medium sized toads. O. antisana is the smallest species, with a maximum snout-vent length of 2.9 centimetres (1.1 in). O. puruanta is the largest species, with a maximum snout-vent length of 4.7 centimetres (1.9 in). Species vary greatly in colour and texture. The toads are nocturnal, semiarboreal, and terrestrial.[1]
The genus is characterised by hands and feet with thick webbing, a ventrally directed cloacal tube, and having five or six sacral vertebrae, amongst other characteristics. They lack vocal slits and a tympanic membrane. The head is usually wider than it is long.[1]
The genus exhibits sexual dimorphism in various traits. The males have keratinized nuptial pads. The eggs are large, terrestrial, and unpigmented, with a dark brown capsule. The toads undergo direct development.[1]
Etymology
The genus is named after the professors Ernesto and Hernando Osorno Mesa.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Coloma, Luis A.; Duellman, William E. "6 Family Bufonidae (Toads, Toadlets, Froglets, and Harlequin Frogs)". Amphibians of Ecuador (1st ed.). CRC Press. pp. 259–260. ISBN 9781003543886. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- 1 2 3 Frost, Darrel R. (2024). "Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- 1 2 "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ↑ "Osornophryne bufoniformis (Peracca, 1904)". AmphibiansOfTheWorld.amnh.org. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
