Ophioderma (echinoderm)

Ophioderma
Temporal range: [1]
Ophioderma longicaudum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Ophiuroidea
Order: Ophiacanthida
Family: Ophiodermatidae
Genus: Ophioderma
Müller & Troschel, 1840

Ophioderma is a genus of brittle stars in the family Ophiodermatidae. Research on the Ophiuroid rubicundum species has discovered the creatures oppurtunistic behaviors and ability to adapt in the circumstances of a new given environment. Alongside their high adaptability, their strong feeding responses allow them to thrive in the depths of the coral reefs seen in the western Atlantic.[2]

Reproduction

Brittle stars can reproduce in three different ways, sexual, asexual, and larval. In sexual reproduction, they engage in broadcast spawning, which is releasing eggs and sperm in the water where external fertilization occurs. The fertilized egg turns into planktonic larvae that drift before settling on the ocean floor; then, they mature into adult brittle stars. During asexual reproduction, they reproduce through regeneration. When an arm is lost, it can regenerate and, in some species, form a new arm. This form of reproduction allows certain species to enhance their survival. And lastly, larval development, following fertilization, brittle star larvae undergo various developmental stages before transitioning into adulthood. In some species, larvae may remain attached to the parent until they can sustain themselves.

Feeding behavior

Brittle stars have been observed to opportunistically feed on the spawn of various coral species. During coral spawning, the Brittle Star will coil it's arms around gamete bundles released by the coral.[2]

Species

It includes the following species:[3]

  • Ophioderma africanum Stöhr, Weber, Boissin & Chenuil, 2020
  • Ophioderma aija Humara-Gil, Granja-Fernandez, Bautista-Guerrero, Solis-Marin & Rodriguez-Troncoso, 2024
  • Ophioderma anitae Hotchkiss, 1982
  • Ophioderma appressum (Say, 1825)
  • Ophioderma besnardi Tommasi, 1970
  • Ophioderma bichi Humara-Gil, Granja-Fernandez, Bautista-Guerrero, Solis-Marin & Rodriguez-Troncoso, 2024
  • Ophioderma brevicaudum Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma brevispinum (Say, 1825)
  • Ophioderma devaneyi Hendler & Miller, 1984
  • Ophioderma divae Tommasi, 1971
  • Ophioderma elaps Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma ensiferum Hendler & Miller, 1984
  • Ophioderma guineense Greeff, 1882
  • Ophioderma guttatum Lütken, 1859
  • Ophioderma hendleri Granja-Fernandez, Pineda-Enriquez, Solis-Marin & Laguarda-Figueras, 2020
  • Ophioderma holmesii (Lyman, 1860)
  • Ophioderma hybridum Stöhr, Weber, Boissin & Chenuil, 2020
  • Ophioderma januarii Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma longicaudum (Bruzelius, 1805)
  • Ophioderma occultum Humara-Gil, Granja-Fernandez, Bautista-Guerrero & Rodriguez-Troncoso, 2022[4]
  • Ophioderma pallidum (Verrill, 1899)
  • Ophioderma panamense Lütken, 1859
  • Ophioderma pentacanthum H.L. Clark, 1917
  • Ophioderma peruanum Pineda-Enriquez, Solis-Marin, Hooker & Laguarda-Figueras, 2013
  • Ophioderma phoenium H.L. Clark, 1918
  • Ophioderma propinquum Koehler, 1895
  • Ophioderma rubicundum Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma squamosissimum Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma teres (Lyman, 1860)
  • Ophioderma tonganum Lütken, 1872
  • Ophioderma unicolor H.L. Clark, 1940
  • Ophioderma vansyoci Hendler, 1996
  • Ophioderma variegatum Lütken, 1856
  • Ophioderma wahlbergii Müller & Troschel, 1842
  • Ophioderma zibrowii Stöhr, Weber, Boissin & Chenuil, 2020
  • † Ophioderma bonaudoae Martinez & Del Rio, 2008
  • † Ophioderma delsatei Thuy, 2005
  • † Ophioderma dentatum Kutscher, 1988
  • † Ophioderma hauchecorni Eck, 1872
  • † Ophioderma radiatum Kutscher & Jagt, 2000
  • † Ophioderma spectabile Hess, 1966
  • † Ophioderma substriatum (Rasmussen, 1950)
  • † Ophioderma tenuibrachiatum Forbes, 1843
  • † Ophioderma waliabadense Kristan-Tollmann, Tollmann & Hamedani, 1979

References

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  1. ↑ Twitchett, Richard J.; Oji, Tatsuo (2005). "Early Triassic recovery of echinoderms". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 4 (6–7): 531–542. Bibcode:2005CRPal...4..531T. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.02.006.
  2. 1 2 Williamson, Olivia M.; Mustard, Alexander T.; Bright, Allan J.; Williams, Dana E.; Ladd, Mark C.; Baker, Andrew C. (22 February 2023). "Opportunistic consumption of coral spawn by the ruby brittle star ( Ophioderma rubicundum )". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (5) e10096. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..1310096W. doi:10.1002/ece3.10096. PMC 10196216. PMID 37214603.
  3. ↑ Stöhr S, O'Hara T, eds. (2026). "Ophioderma Müller & Troschel, 1840". World Ophiuroidea Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
  4. ↑ Humara-Gil, Karla J.; Granja-Fernández, Rebeca; Bautista-Guerrero, Eric; Rodríguez-Troncoso, Alma P. (2022). "Overlooked for over a century: Ophioderma occultum sp. nov. (Echinodermata), a new species of brittle star from the Eastern Pacific". Journal of Natural History. 56 (5–8): 365–384. Bibcode:2022JNatH..56..365H. doi:10.1080/00222933.2022.2071179.


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