Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest

Netherlands in the
Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest
Netherlands
Participating broadcasterAVROTROS (2014–2025)
Formerly
Participation summary
Appearances65 (54 finals)[a]
First appearance1956
Last appearance2025
Highest placement1st: 1957, 1959, 1969, 1975, 2019
Host1958, 1970, 1976, 1980, 2020,[b] 2021
Participation history
Related articles
Nationaal Songfestival
External links
AVROTROS page
Netherlands's page at Eurovision.com Edit this at Wikidata
For the most recent participation see
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025

The Netherlands has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 65 times since making its debut as one of the seven countries at the first contest in 1956. The country has missed five contests, twice because the dates coincided with Remembrance of the Dead (1985 and 1991), twice because of being relegated due to poor results the previous year (1995 and 2002), and once due to the inclusion of Israel in the context of the Gaza war (2026). It has missed the final despite qualifying once, in 2024, due to the alleged personal conduct of its entrant which led to disqualification. The current Dutch participating broadcaster in the contest is AVROTROS. The Netherlands has hosted the contest five times: in Hilversum (1958), Amsterdam (1970), The Hague (1976 and 1980), and Rotterdam (2021).

The Netherlands has won the contest five times, with "Net als toen" performed by Corry Brokken (1957), "Een beetje" by Teddy Scholten (1959), "De troubadour" by Lenny Kuhr in a four-way tie (1969), "Ding-a-dong" by Teach-In (1975), and "Arcade" by Duncan Laurence (2019). The country's other top five results are "Als het om de liefde gaat" by Sandra and Andres (fourth, 1972), "I See a Star" by Mouth and MacNeal (third, 1974), "Amsterdam" by Maggie MacNeal (fifth, 1980), "Rechtop in de wind" by Marcha (fifth, 1987), "Hemel en aarde" by Edsilia Rombley (fourth, 1998), and "Calm After the Storm" by The Common Linnets (second, 2014). It finished last in 1958, 1962, 1963, 1968, and in the second semi-final in 2011.

After the introduction of semi-finals in 2004, the Netherlands failed to reach the final for eight years in a row from 2005 to 2012, but has since participated in nine of the last thirteen finals.

History

1956–1969: Nederlandse Televisie Stichting

The Netherlands was one of seven countries to participate in the contest's inaugural edition in 1956, represented by the public broadcaster Nederlandse Televisie Stichting (NTS). From the contest's inception, NTS established an annual national final, Nationaal Songfestival, to select its Eurovision entries. Success followed quickly: in 1957, Corry Brokken won the contest in Frankfurt with "Net als toen", giving the Netherlands its first victory. As a result, NTS hosted the 1958 contest in Hilversum. The Netherlands secured a second victory just two years later at the 1959 contest in Cannes, where Teddy Scholten performed "Een beetje", a song about being unfaithful in a relationship. Because NTS had only recently hosted the 1958 edition, it declined to host again; the 1960 contest was therefore held in London.[2][3]

Teddy Scholten arriving at Schiphol Airport after winning the 1959 edition

This initial period of success was followed by a string of poor results, including consecutive nul-points finishes in 1962 and 1963. Despite these competitive struggles, the Dutch entries set significant milestones for diversity and representation within the contest. In 1964, the Netherlands was represented by Anneke Grönloh, the first performer of Asian origin to appear in the competition.[4] Two years later, in 1966, Dutch representative Milly Scott became the first Black artist to participate.[4] Following another last-place finish in 1968 with Ronnie Tober's "Morgen", the Netherlands achieved a major turning point in 1969. At the international final in Madrid, the Dutch entry, "De troubadour" by Lenny Kuhr, finished in a four-way tie for first place alongside France, the United Kingdom, and Spain. Because the contest lacked a tie-breaking mechanism at the time, all four countries were declared joint winners.[5]

Milly Scott posing before the 1966 scoreboard

1970–2009: Nederlandse Omroep Stichting

In May 1969, NTS merged into the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), which assumed responsibility for the country's Eurovision participation beginning in 1970. Following the four-way tie of 1969, the Netherlands won a drawing of lots against France to secure the hosting rights for the 1970 contest.[6] The event was staged at the RAI Convention Centre in Amsterdam and hosted by Willy Dobbe.[6] The Netherlands continued to achieve strong results throughout the early 1970s; Sandra and Andres finished fourth in 1972 with "Als het om de liefde gaat", followed by a third-place finish in 1974 with "I See a Star" by Mouth and MacNeal. In 1975, Teach-In won the Nationaal Songfestival and went on to secure the country's fourth Eurovision victory in Stockholm. Their entry, "Ding-a-dong", received six 12-point scores and became the first song in Eurovision history to win the contest from the opening position of the running order.

Teach-In on stage for their 1975 winner's reprise

As the reigning champions, the Netherlands hosted the 1976 contest at the Congresgebouw in The Hague, with 1957 winner Corry Brokken serving as presenter. Returning artist Sandra Reemer placed ninth with "The Party's Over". The Congresgebouw hosted the competition again in 1980 after Israel, having won two consecutive editions, declined hosting duties.[7] The Dutch entry that year, Maggie MacNeal's "Amsterdam", achieved a fifth-place finish. In 1982, the national selection courted controversy when the song "Jij en ik" was chosen over "Fantasy Island";[8][9] performed by Bill van Dijk, it ultimately finished third-to-last at the international final. The Netherlands withdrew from the contest for the first time in 1985, because the event coincided with the national Remembrance of the Dead. Instead, the contest was aired with Dutch commentary as part of an experimental Europa TV broadcast the following day.[10][11]

In 1986, facing financial constraints, NOS collaborated with fellow public broadcaster Veronica, which agreed to broadcast the contest and cover the participation fees.[12][13] The following year, Marcha finished in a joint-fifth place with "Rechtop in de wind", marking the country's first top-five result since 1980. The Netherlands withdrew for a second time in 1991, as the final again fell on Remembrance Day. In 1993 and 1994, NOS internally selected an artist, and used Nationaal Songfestival to select the song. This method yielded a sixth-place finish for Ruth Jacott and "Vrede" in 1993, but proved less successful in 1994 when Willeke Alberti's "Waar is de zon?" placed 23rd, resulting in the country's relegation from the 1995 contest.

Nationaal Songfestival returned in 1996 with a revamped format featuring five semi-finals. The eventual winners, Maxine and Franklin Brown, placed seventh in Oslo with "De eerste keer". Two years later, Edsilia Rombley secured fourth place with "Hemel en aarde", achieving the Netherlands' best Eurovision result since 1975. However, fortunes declined into the new millennium; Michelle's 18th-place finish with "Out on My Own" in 2001 led to a forced relegation from the 2002 contest. The Netherlands returned in 2003 with Esther Hart, who placed 13th with "One More Night" and was honoured with the Marcel Bezençon Artistic Award. This brief recovery was cut short by the introduction of the semi-final format in 2004; following Glennis Grace's failure to qualify with "My Impossible Dream" in 2005, the Netherlands entered a lengthy non-qualification streak.[14]

2010–present: TROS and AVROTROS

In 2010, TROS succeeded NOS as participating broadcaster, after NOS decided that handling the country's Eurovision participation no longer aligned with its core public broadcasting tasks.[15] That year, Sieneke was selected to perform the song "Ik ben verliefd (Sha-la-lie)", but failed to qualify for the final. 3JS had the lowest score of all participants in the 2011 contest, and in 2012, Joan Franka also failed to qualify. The Netherlands missed out on the final eight years in a row, making it the country with the longest period of non-qualification in the contest.[16]

Anouk at a press conference after qualifying for the 2013 final

To reverse this trend, TROS shifted its strategy in 2013 by internally selecting rock singer Anouk. Granted full artistic freedom,[17] Anouk performed "Birds", advancing to the final and securing the Netherlands' first top 10 finish since 1999. Building on this success, TROS – which merged into AVROTROS the next year – continued to select its entry internally. In 2014, the Common Linnets won their semi-final and finished second overall with "Calm After the Storm". Aside from a 2015 non-qualification by Trijntje Oosterhuis, the Netherlands achieved steady success over the next three years, qualifying with Douwe Bob (11th), Ogene (11th), and Waylon (18th). The resurgence culminated in 2019, when Duncan Laurence secured the country's fifth victory – and first in 44 years – with the song "Arcade".[14]

Duncan Laurence with the 2019 trophy

Rotterdam was chosen to host the 2020 contest, which was ultimately cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and replaced by the non-competitive broadcast Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light from Hilversum.[18] Rotterdam Ahoy staged the rescheduled event in 2021, hosted by Chantal Janzen, Jan Smit, Edsilia Rombley, and Nikkie de Jager. Automatic finalist Jeangu Macrooy placed 23rd with "Birth of a New Age", notably introducing the Sranan Tongo language to the contest.[19] The country's momentum continued in 2022 when S10 finished 11th with "De diepte", the first Dutch-language entry since 2010.[20] However, the qualification streak was ended the following year, when Mia Nicolai and Dion Cooper failed to advance from the semi-finals. In 2024, Joost Klein placed second in his semi-final with "Europapa", but was disqualified prior to the final following an altercation with a production staff member.[21]

The most recent Dutch participation in 2025 saw Claude finishing 12th with the song "C'est la vie". On 4 December 2025, AVROTROS announced that it would not take part in the 2026 contest, citing the inclusion of Israel amidst the ongoing Gaza war.[22] The contest was instead broadcast by NOS and NTR.[23] AVROTROS will also not take part in 2027, with the responsiblility over any possible Dutch entry deferred to the umbrella organisation NPO, which can designate another broadcaster to participate for the Netherlands.[24][25]

Non-participation

The Netherlands has missed only five contests in its Eurovision history. The country was absent in 1985 and 1991 due to the date of both contests coinciding with the Dutch Remembrance of the Dead,[26][27] in 1995 and 2002 due to relegation as a result of the country's poor results in the previous year, and in 2026 due to the inclusion of Israel in light of the Gaza war.

The Netherlands did compete in 2000, but the broadcast of that year's final on Nederland 2 was halted an hour after it commenced due to the Enschede fireworks disaster, which had taken place a few hours before.[28] The points awarded by the Netherlands were taken from the back-up jury vote, as there was no televote after the program was cut short.

Participation overview

Table key
1 First place
2 Second place
3 Third place
◁ Last place
◇ Entry selected but did not compete
Year Artist Song Language Final Semi-final
Place Points Place Points
1956 Jetty Paerl "De vogels van Holland" Dutch N/a[c] N/a[c] No semi-finals
Corry Brokken "Voorgoed voorbij" Dutch
1957 Corry Brokken "Net als toen" Dutch 1 31
1958 Corry Brokken "Heel de wereld" Dutch 9 ◁ 1
1959 Teddy Scholten "Een beetje" Dutch 1 21
1960 Rudi Carrell "Wat een geluk" Dutch 12 2
1961 Greetje Kauffeld "Wat een dag" Dutch 10 6
1962 De Spelbrekers "Katinka" Dutch 13 ◁ 0
1963 Annie Palmen "Een speeldoos" Dutch 13 ◁ 0
1964 Anneke Grönloh "Jij bent mijn leven" Dutch 10 2
1965 Conny Vandenbos "Het is genoeg" Dutch 11 5
1966 Milly Scott "Fernando en Philippo" Dutch 15 2
1967 Thérèse Steinmetz "Ringe-dinge" Dutch 14 2
1968 Ronnie Tober "Morgen" Dutch 16 ◁ 1
1969 Lenny Kuhr "De troubadour" Dutch 1 18
1970 Patricia and Hearts of Soul "Waterman" Dutch 7 7
1971 Saskia and Serge "Tijd" Dutch 6 85
1972 Sandra and Andres "Als het om de liefde gaat" Dutch 4 106
1973 Ben Cramer "De oude muzikant" Dutch 14 69
1974 Mouth and MacNeal "I See a Star" English 3 15
1975 Teach-In "Ding-a-dong" English 1 152
1976 Sandra Reemer "The Party Is Over Now" English 9 56
1977 Heddy Lester "De mallemolen" Dutch 12 35
1978 Harmony "'t Is OK" Dutch 13 37
1979 Xandra "Colorado" Dutch 12 51
1980 Maggie MacNeal "Amsterdam" Dutch 5 93
1981 Linda Williams "Het is een wonder" Dutch 9 51
1982 Bill van Dijk "Jij en ik" Dutch 16 8
1983 Bernadette "Sing Me a Song" Dutch 7 66
1984 Maribelle "Ik hou van jou" Dutch 13 34
1986 Frizzle Sizzle "Alles heeft ritme" Dutch 13 40
1987 Marcha "Rechtop in de wind" Dutch 5 83
1988 Gerard Joling "Shangri-La" Dutch 9 70
1989 Justine Pelmelay "Blijf zoals je bent" Dutch 15 45
1990 Maywood "Ik wil alles met je delen" Dutch 15 25
1992 Humphrey Campbell "Wijs me de weg" Dutch 9 67
1993 Ruth Jacott "Vrede" Dutch 6 92
1994 Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" Dutch 23 4
1996 Maxine and Franklin Brown "De eerste keer" Dutch 7 78 9 63
1997 Mrs. Einstein "Niemand heeft nog tijd" Dutch 22 5 No semi-finals
1998 Edsilia "Hemel en aarde" Dutch 4 150
1999 Marlayne "One Good Reason" English 8 71
2000 Linda Wagenmakers "No Goodbyes" English 13 40
2001 Michelle "Out on My Own" English 18 16
2003 Esther Hart "One More Night" English 13 45
2004 Re-union "Without You" English 20 11 6 146
2005 Glennis Grace "My Impossible Dream" English Failed to qualify 14 53
2006 Treble "Amambanda" Imaginary, English 20 22
2007 Edsilia Rombley "On Top of the World" English 21 38
2008 Hind "Your Heart Belongs to Me" English 13 27
2009 The Toppers "Shine" English 17 11
2010 Sieneke "Ik ben verliefd (Sha-la-lie)" Dutch 14 29
2011 3JS "Never Alone" English 19 ◁ 13
2012 Joan Franka "You and Me" English 15 35
2013 Anouk "Birds" English 9 114 6 75
2014 The Common Linnets "Calm After the Storm" English 2 238 1 150
2015 Trijntje Oosterhuis "Walk Along" English Failed to qualify 14 33
2016 Douwe Bob "Slow Down" English 11 153 5 197
2017 Ogene "Lights and Shadows" English 11 150 4 200
2018 Waylon "Outlaw in 'Em" English 18 121 7 174
2019 Duncan Laurence "Arcade" English 1 498 1 280
2020 Jeangu Macrooy ◇ "Grow" ◇ English ◇ Contest cancelled[b]
2021 Jeangu Macrooy "Birth of a New Age" English, Sranan Tongo 23 11 Host country
2022 S10 "De diepte" Dutch 11 171 2 221
2023 Mia Nicolai and Dion Cooper "Burning Daylight" English Failed to qualify 13 7
2024 Joost Klein "Europapa" Dutch Disqualified[a] 2 182
2025 Claude "C'est la vie" French, English 12 175 3 121

Hostings

Table key
◇ Contest cancelled
Year Location Venue Presenter(s) Executive producer Director Musical director Ref.
1958 Hilversum AVRO Studios Hannie Lips Piet te Nuyl Jr. Gijs Stappershoef Dolf van der Linden [29]
1970 Amsterdam RAI Congrescentrum Willy Dobbe Warner van Kampen Theo Ordeman [30]
1976 The Hague Congresgebouw Corry Brokken Fred Oster Jan Stulen [31]
1980 Marlous Fluitsma Rogier van Otterloo [32]
2020 Rotterdam ◇ Rotterdam Ahoy ◇ Chantal Janzen, Edsilia Rombley and Jan Smit ◇ Sietse Bakker and Inge van de Weerd ◇ Marnix Kaart, Marc Pos and Daniel Jelinek ◇ N/a [33]
2021 Rotterdam Rotterdam Ahoy Chantal Janzen, Edsilia Rombley, Jan Smit and Nikkie de Jager Sietse Bakker and Astrid Dutrénit Marnix Kaart, Marc Pos and Daniel Jelinek [34]

In addition to the contest proper, the Netherlands hosted Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, a special non-competitive programme to replace the cancelled 2020 contest. The show was broadcast on 16 May 2020 from Studio 21 at Media Park in Hilversum, with Sietse Bakker serving as executive producer, and Chantal Janzen, Edsilia Rombley, and Jan Smit serving as presenters.[35][36][37]

Awards

Marcel Bezençon Awards

Year Category Song Composer(s) Performer Final Host city Ref.
Place Points
2003 Artistic Award[d] "One More Night"
Esther Hart 13 45 Latvia Riga
2014 Artistic Award[e] "Calm After the Storm"
The Common Linnets 2 238 Denmark Copenhagen
Composer Award
2019 Press Award "Arcade" Duncan Laurence 1 498 Israel Tel Aviv

Barbara Dex Award

Year Performer Host city Ref.
2015 Trijntje Oosterhuis Austria Vienna

Spokespersons and conductors

Heads of delegation

Each participating broadcaster in the Eurovision Song Contest assigns a head of delegation as the EBU's contact person and the leader of their delegation at the event. The delegation, whose size can greatly vary, includes a head of press, the performers, songwriters, composers, and backing vocalists, among others.[92]

Year Head of delegation Ref.
2010–2019 Emilie Sickinghe
2022–2023 Lars Lourenco
2024 Twan van de Nieuwenhuijzen
2025 Claudia van der Pas

Broadcasts and commentators

Over the years Dutch commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Willem Duys, Ivo Niehe, Pim Jacobs, Ati Dijckmeester, and Paul de Leeuw. Willem van Beusekom provided NOS commentary every year from 1987 until 2005 (with the exceptions of 1991 and 1995).[98][99] He was replaced by his co-commentator Cornald Maas, who commentated on the contest from 2004 until 2010.

On 29 June 2010, Maas was sacked as commentator after posting insults on Twitter about Sieneke, Joran van der Sloot and the Party for Freedom (PVV).[100] After this, DJ Daniël Dekker, who had been commentating next to Maas, took over together with Jan Smit. In 2014, Maas returned, now himself replacing Dekker, as commentator together with Smit. Sander Lantinga replaced Smit for 2021 due to Smit hosting the main contest.[101] In 2024, Smit stepped down as commentator and was replaced by Jacqueline Govaert.[102]

Television

Radio

Table key
◇ Broadcast cancelled

Special shows

Show Date Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
Songs of Europe 7 September 1981 TROS Nederland 2 No commentator [260][261]
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest 22 October 2005 Willem van Beusekom [262][263]
Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light 16 May 2020 AVROTROS NPO 1 Cornald Maas [264]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 The 2024 entry qualified for the final, but was removed from the competition following a backstage incident during the semi-final. The Netherlands retained the right to vote in the final.
  2. 1 2 The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  3. 1 2 The 1956 contest had secret voting and, apart from the winner, no results were released.
  4. ↑ Voted by previous winners.
  5. ↑ Voted by commentators.
  6. 1 2 Conductor provided by the host broadcaster.
  7. ↑ Monteiro replaced Duncan Laurence, who had tested positive for COVID-19.
  8. ↑ Nikkie de Jager was originally set to serve as the Netherlands' spokesperson,[89] but withdrew following the disqualification of the Dutch entry from the final.[90] Martin Österdahl, the contest's executive supervisor, announced the Dutch points instead.[90]
  9. ↑ Deferred broadcast on the following day at 10:00 (CEST).
  10. ↑ Broadcast was suspended after the performance of the Spanish entry to provide emergency news coverage of the Enschede fireworks disaster.[163]
  11. ↑ The broadcast of the second semi-final in 2016 also featured Douwe Bob as a guest commentator.[197]
  12. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:00 (CET).
  13. ↑ Deferred broadcast at 22:40 (CET).
  14. ↑ Deferred and shortened broadcast at 23:00 (CET).
  15. ↑ Ten-minute summary broadcast at 23:45 (CET).
  16. ↑ Broadcast was suspended after the performance of the Danish entry to provide emergency news coverage of the Enschede fireworks disaster.[242]
  17. ↑ Broadcast was cancelled due to the Enschede fireworks disaster.[243]
  18. ↑ As the characters Dik Voormekaar and Mr. De Groot.
  19. ↑ The programme was broadcast directly by Radio 2, rather than one of the public service broadcasters.
  20. ↑ Only the final was broadcast.

References

  1. 1 2 van Tongeren, Mario (25 January 2009). "NOS quits Eurovision, Dutch participation goes on". Oikotimes. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
  2. ↑ "Songfestival finale 1960 in Londen". Het vrije volk: democratisch-socialistisch dagblad. 25 May 1959. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  3. ↑ "Finale 1960 van Songfestival in Engeland". Het Rotterdamsch parool. 1 June 1959. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  4. 1 2 "Alles over Nederland op het Eurovisie Songfestival". Eurostory. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  5. ↑ "Madrid 1969: Shared victory for Spain, France, Netherlands and the United Kingdom". Eurovision Song Contest. 18 November 2025. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  6. 1 2 "Amsterdam redde in 1970 het Eurovisie Songfestival". Ons Amsterdam (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  7. ↑ "NOS neemt van Israël organisatie songfestival 1980 over". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden. 24 October 1979. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  8. ↑ "Kijkje achter de schermen van het Songfestival". Leeuwarder courant : hoofdblad van Friesland. 27 February 1982. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  9. ↑ "Kijkers met songfestival in de maling genomen". De Telegraaf. 1 March 1982. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  10. ↑ "Testuitzending Olympus 5 mei". Leeuwarder courant : hoofdblad van Friesland. 27 April 1985. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  11. ↑ "RADIO & TELEVISIE Olympus zendt songfestival uit". Het Parool. 30 April 1985. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  12. 1 2 Berkenbosch, Co (4 March 1986). "Veronica neemt uitzending Songfestival over van NOS". De Telegraaf. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  13. 1 2 "Veronica doet Songfestival". Het Parool. 4 March 1986. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
  14. 1 2 "70 jaar Songfestival-gekte: de Nederlandse triomfen én mislukkingen". De Schatkamer (in Dutch). 13 May 2026. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  15. ↑ "TROS neemt songfestival over". Songfestivalweblog.nl (in Dutch). 19 February 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2026.
  16. ↑ "Looking back at Malmö 2013". Eurovision Song Contest. 20 November 2025. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  17. ↑ "Anouk krijgt van TROS artistiek carte blanche". NU.nl. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  18. ↑ "Plaatsvervangend programma Eurovisie Songfestival". Over NOS (in Dutch). 31 March 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  19. ↑ "Sranantongo op het Songfestival: 'Wie had dat ooit gedacht?'". NPO Radio 1 (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 June 2026.
  20. ↑ "S10 gaat volgend jaar voor Nederland naar het Eurovisie Songfestival". NU.nl (in Dutch). 7 December 2021. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  21. ↑ "Joost Klein: Dutch contestant disqualified from Eurovision Song Contest". BBC News. 11 May 2024. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  22. ↑ "Israel cleared to stay in Eurovision; Spain, Ireland and others quit in protest". Reuters. Retrieved 4 December 2025.
  23. 1 2 "Songfestival toch te zien op NPO 1, NPO vraagt NOS Evenementen en NTR" [Eurovision Song Contest to be shown on NPO 1, NPO asks NOS Events and NTR] (in Dutch). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS). 5 December 2025. Retrieved 5 December 2025.
  24. ↑ "AVROTROS neemt niet deel aan Eurovisie Songfestival 2027" [AVROTROS will not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2027] (in Dutch and English). AVROTROS. 24 August 2026. Retrieved 24 August 2026.
  25. ↑ "Minister: andere publieke omroep kan Songfestival overnemen als AVROTROS afhaakt" [Minister: another public broadcaster can take over Eurovision if AVROTROS steps back]. Spreekbuis.nl (in Dutch). 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  26. ↑ History - Eurovision Song Contest 1985 Archived 2008-09-26 at the Wayback Machine Eurovision.tv
  27. ↑ History - Eurovision Song Contest 1991 Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine Eurovision.tv
  28. ↑ "Eurovisie Songfestival: Deze Eeuw - vandaagindemuziek.nl - Day to Day". www.vandaagindemuziek.nl.
  29. ↑ "Hilversum 1958". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  30. ↑ "Amsterdam 1970". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  31. ↑ "The Hague 1976". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  32. ↑ "The Hague 1980". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  33. ↑ "Rotterdam 2020". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  34. ↑ "Rotterdam 2021". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  35. ↑ Granger, Anthony (1 April 2020). "Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light To Be Broadcast Live From Hilversum". Eurovoix. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  36. ↑ "Eurovision: Europe Shine A Light will bring audiences together on 16 May". Eurovision.tv. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  37. ↑ "Geen Songfestival, maar wel een alternatief: Europe Shine a Light" [No Eurovision, but an alternative: Europe Shine a Light]. NPO Radio 2 (in Dutch). Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  38. ↑ "Marcel Bezençon Awards". eurovision.tv. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  39. ↑ "Winners of the Marcel Bezençon Awards". eurovision.tv. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  40. ↑ "Here are the winners of the 2019 Marcel Bezençon Awards". eurovision.tv. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  41. ↑ Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  42. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
  43. ↑ "Verrassingen" [Surprises]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). Amsterdam, Netherlands. 4 May 1957. p. 2. Retrieved 2 June 2022 – via Delpher.
  44. ↑ Pot, Harry (11 March 1958). Eurovisie Songfestival. Piet te Nuyl bij puntentellen [Eurovision Song Contest. Piet te Nuyl at scoring] (Photograph). Hilversum, Netherlands. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023 – via Nationaal Archief.
  45. ↑ "Succes van Teddy Scholten in Cannes met 'Een beetje'" [Teddy Scholten's success in Cannes with 'Een beetje']. Nieuwe Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). Leiden, Netherlands. 12 March 1959. pp. 1, 5. Retrieved 11 June 2021 – via Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
  46. ↑ "Toch geen geluk voor Rudi" [No luck for Rudi after all]. Nieuwe Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). Leiden, Netherlands. 30 March 1960. p. 7. Retrieved 14 June 2021 – via Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
  47. ↑ "Greetje vanavond nummer zes" [Greetje number six tonight]. Nieuwe Leidsche Courant. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 18 March 1961. p. 7. Retrieved 11 June 2021 – via Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
  48. ↑ "Songfestival". Het vrije volk : democratisch-socialistisch dagblad. 19 March 1962. Retrieved 23 May 2026.
  49. ↑ Vaessen, Theo (20 March 1965). "18 landen azen op het Eurovisie-goud" [18 countries aim for Eurovision gold]. Limburgs Dagblad. Heerlen, Netherlands. p. 25. Retrieved 14 June 2021 – via Delpher.
  50. 1 2 "Teddy Scholten geeft commentaar op het Eurovisie Songfestival". Limburgs Dagblad (in Dutch). Heerlen, Netherlands. 25 February 1966. p. 5. Retrieved 14 June 2021 – via Delpher.
  51. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  52. ↑ "Publieksjury Songfestival bleef weg" [Song contest public jury stayed away]. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant (in Dutch). Middelburg, Netherlands. 10 May 1977. p. 10. Retrieved 16 December 2024 – via ZB Krantenbank Zeeland.
  53. ↑ "Hallelujah: Het goede liedje op de goede plaats op de goede tijd". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). Leiden, Netherlands. 2 April 1979. p. 7. Retrieved 11 January 2023 – via Erfgoed Leiden en Omstreken.
  54. ↑ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
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