Modernist film

Modernist film is related to the art and philosophy of modernism as early modernist film came to maturity in the era between World War I and World War II, with characteristics such as montage and symbolic imagery, manifesting itself in genres as diverse as expressionism and surrealism (as featured in the works of Fritz Lang and Luis Buñuel)[1] while postmodernist film – similar to postmodernism as a whole – is a reaction to modernist works, and to their tendencies (such as nostalgia and angst).[2]

Aesthetics

Modernist cinema has been said to have "explored and exposed the formal concerns of the medium by placing them at the forefront of consciousness."[3] The auteur theory and idea of an author creating a work from their singular vision became a central characteristic of modernist filmmaking. It has been said that "To investigate the transparency of the image is modernist but to undermine its reference to reality is to engage with the aesthetics of postmodernism."[4][5] The modernist film has more faith in the author, the individual, and the accessibility of reality itself (and generally has a more sincere tone[6]) than the postmodernist film.

It also attempts to enlarge the film vocabulary against Hollywood's escapist entertainment and it's reliance on narrative trappings which dominates the medium.[7]

List of notable modernist films

20th century

21st century

List of notable modernist filmmakers

Sources:[159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177]

[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][95][96][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240]

[241][103][242][243][244][245][246][247] [248][249][250][251][116][252][253][45][118][119][254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][88][123][127][8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Trent, Ann. "Characteristics of a Modernist Film". Our Pastimes. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  2. ↑ Betz, Mark (2009). Beyond the Subtitle: Remapping European Art Cinema. U of Minnesota Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8166-4035-5.
  3. ↑ Woods, Tim (1999). Beginning Postmodernism. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5210-1.
  4. ↑ Dragan Milovanovic (15 March 2009). "Dueling Paradigms: Modernist v. Postmodern Thought". American Society of Criminology.
  5. ↑ "Reading the Postmodern Image: A Cognitive Mapping," Screen: 31, 4 (Winter 1990) by Tony Wilson
  6. ↑ Olsen, Cameron (2021-09-11). "The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker". Collider. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Modernist World – Google Books (ch."Cinema Modernisms in Canada and the United States")
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 Modernism by Cody Lang · Letterboxd
  9. 1 2 3 Zones of Anxiety: Movement, Musidora, and the Crime Serials of Louis Feuillade (review)
  10. 1 2 A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. 2021. pp. 14–15. ISBN 9780199379453.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Стиль модерн в раннем русском кинематографе (на примере творчества Е. Ф. Бауэра)
  12. ↑ Энциклопедия авангардного кино
  13. ↑ Black modernism and the making of the twentieth century: Paris, 1919
  14. ↑ "The Screen". The New York Times. 4 April 1921. p. 5.
  15. ↑ Juan A. Suarez (2002). "City Space, Technology, Popular Culture: the Modernism of Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler's Manhatta". Journal of American Studies. 36: 85–106.
  16. 1 2 Film and Early Modernism – Artforum
  17. ↑ The vampire who created the modern world
  18. ↑ Films for Class: Nanook of the North
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Модернизм Андрея Тарковского
  20. 1 2 3 “Modernism” and “Albers and Moholy-Nagy”
  21. ↑ Music for La Roue (1923; Fr.; Abel Gance) - The Realm of Silence
  22. ↑ Humor as Parody, Eccentrism, and Satire in Soviet Film after World War I
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times and the Minstrel Tradition| Modernist Modernity
  24. ↑ Graig Uhlin (2019). Modernism and Food Studies: Politics, Aesthetics, and the Avant-Garde. University Press of Florida. pp. 213–214. ISBN 9780813052496.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Modernités de Charlie Chaplin: Un Cinéaste dans l’Œil des Avant-Gardes
  26. ↑ Review : Vsevolod Pudovkin: Selected Essays
  27. ↑ Руководство для кинорежиссёра: "Фауст" (1926)|Geeks - Vocal Media
  28. ↑ Michel AubryLa Sixième Partie du monde 2014
  29. ↑ The Adventures of Prince Achmed
  30. 1 2 A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. 2021. pp. 108–119. ISBN 9780199379453.
  31. ↑ Minden, Michael; Bachmann, Holger (2002). Fritz Lang's Metropolis: Cinematic Visions of Technology and Fear. New York: Camden House. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-57113-146-1.
  32. ↑ Film and Literary Modernism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013. p. 21. ISBN 9781443866446.
  33. ↑ MODERNISM WITHOUT ORGANS: ANTONIN ARTAUD
  34. ↑ Zvenyhora (1928): Ethnographic Modernism
  35. ↑ Buster Keaton’s Modern Dance: A Review of Camera Man
  36. ↑ Catherine Driscoll (2010). Modernist Cultural Studies. University Press of Florida. p. 22. ISBN 9780813043203.
  37. 1 2 3 Four films: crossing the boundaries of modernism and postmodernism
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1980)
  39. ↑ Philosophy, Iconology, Collectivization: Earth
  40. ↑ Bernard Smith (1998). Modernism's History. NewSouth Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 9780868407449.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 What the genius who died young left behind. The biographical film "Vigo" and two feature films ("Zero for Conduct" and "L'Atalante").
  42. 1 2 The great secret: Silence, cinema and modernism
  43. ↑ Marcia Landy (2008). Stardom, Italian style : screen performance and personality in Italian cinema. Indiana University Press. p. 47. ISBN 9780253351081.
  44. ↑ CAPSULE: LOT IN SODOM (1933)|366 Weird Movies
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 'And Walt Went Crazy' - Animation Obsessive
  46. 1 2 3 What Inspired UPA
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Modernism of Frank Capra and European Ethical Thought
  48. ↑ (PDF) Alberto Cavalcanti: Experimental Realism in Coal Face
  49. ↑ Barnard, Timothy (1996). "La vuelta al nido". In Barnard, Timothy; Rist, Peter H. (eds.). South American Cinema: A Critical Filmography, 1915–1994. New York: Garland Publishing. pp. 13–14.
  50. ↑ Di Núbila, Domingo (1998). La época de oro. Historia del cine argentino I (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Jilguero. p. 196. ISBN 978-987-957-865-0.
  51. ↑ “Fantasia”: A Modern Approach to a Timeless Film
  52. ↑ Spring in a Small Town review – powerful, exquisite drama
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 What is Your favorite "Mid Century" Designed Cartoon Short or Series?|Cartoon Research
  54. ↑ Sunset Boulevard Modernism
  55. 1 2 BOMB Magazine|Amid Amidi's Cartoon Modern: Style and Design in Fifties Animation
  56. ↑ Review: Stanley Kubrick's Fear and Desire on Kino Lorber Blu-ray – Slant Magazine
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Поп-модерн Стэнли Кубрика
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bachelor Modern: Mid–Century Style in American Movies – National Building Miuseum
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The World's Worst Director
  60. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 The Pursuit of Freedom: The New Wave, Jazz and Modernism
  61. ↑ A ‘Feeling of Suspension’: Tradition and Modernity in La Pointe Courte
  62. ↑ Film Noir:The Killer Is Loose
  63. 1 2 3 Midcentury Modernism in Film – Metropolis
  64. ↑ KUBRICK AND COLD MODERNISM
  65. ↑ Videology 2
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 “Whatever Happened to Sentiment in the World Today?” Notes on John Cassavetes's Experimental Melodramas
  67. ↑ Veronika fuses out: Rape and medium specificity in The Cranes are Flying
  68. ↑ Perilous Betweens: On Andrzej Wajda's “Ashes and Diamonds” (1958)
  69. ↑ Пространство в анимационных фильмах Мимица Ватрослава на HSE Desigh
  70. ↑ Mon Oncle: M. Hulot is puzzled by Modernism
  71. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Screening Modernism: European Art Cinema, 1950-1980
  72. 1 2 Modernity and Modernism in the Cinema of the Soviet Thaw: Image, Performance, History, ASEEES, Boston, 2018
  73. 1 2 3 4 5 Alienation in Modernist Film (LKIM analysis) - College Film & Media Studies
  74. 1 2 The Spleen of Rome: Modernism in Fellini's La dolce vita
  75. 1 2 3 Модернизм и постмодернизм в кинематографе: Влияние и Различия
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Великий Реалист - Николай ИРИН
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Deconstructing Jerry: Lewis as Director (Introduction) - Senses of Cinema
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 IN THE REALM OF OSHIMA - Hammer to Nail
  79. ↑ "West Side Story: 60 years as a cultural barometer". Folger Shakespeare Library. October 19, 2021.
  80. ↑ The Making and Impact of One Hundred and One Dalmatians|The Walt Disney Family Museum
  81. ↑ 2010 at the Arthouse: White Material and The Illusionist – The Long Take
  82. ↑ Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962)
  83. ↑ Modernism and Dystopia: Catherine Opie Interviewed
  84. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Polish New Wave at Tate Modern (Film Review)
  85. 1 2 3 4 No Place Like Home: The Late-Modern World of the Italian giallo Film
  86. ↑ Mel Brooks–Seriously! – Google Books (pg.105)
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Screening Modernism - Cineaste Magazine
  88. 1 2 "Early Anime Features: Two 1960s Classics |". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  89. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Modern house on film: 10 films featuring modernist homes
  90. ↑ Classic=Modern Godard's Bande à part, McTiernan's The Thomas Crown Affair and the Question of Cinematic Modernity, in : Shida Studies in Art History, vol.1, 2011, pp. 285-330
  91. 1 2 3 Moscow Palace of Pioneers in the Cinema: A History Frozen in Time
  92. 1 2 Modernism in Film – Inter Neorealist Antonioni and 'Blow Up'
  93. 1 2 Shinoda: Modernizing Tradition
  94. ↑ I Am Cuba: The Filmmakers Who Came In from the Cold
  95. 1 2 MUBI Collection: BEING GREEN: JIM HENSON'S EARLY SHORTS|MUBI
  96. 1 2 Designers in Context: Film, Advertising, and Modernism - The Visualist
  97. ↑ The fortress and the bard: visions of the Caucasus in Sergei Parajanov's late films|Klassiki
  98. 1 2 Ways of Seeing On Kira – Muratova's "Brief Encounters" and Larisa Shepit'ko's "Wings"
  99. ↑ Review: The Shooting (1966) - La La Film
  100. ↑ The Criterion Channel's February 2021 Lineup | Lineup | The Criterion Collection
  101. 1 2 3 4 Socialism in the Films of Kira Muratova
  102. ↑ Jim Jarmusch on the “All-Time Greatest L.A. Crime Film” - CRITERION on YouTube
  103. 1 2 Festival Express|BAMPFA
  104. ↑ Watch the Surrealist Glass Harmonica|International Times
  105. ↑ Petulia (1968) — Uncommon
  106. ↑ Hollis Frampton's Collected Writings
  107. ↑ ‘Easy Rider’ at 56: A Revolutionary Road-Trip Film that Heralded a New Era of Filmmaking
  108. ↑ Walkabout: Landscapes of Memory|Current|The Criterion Collection
  109. 1 2 3 “The Cylinders Were Whispering My Name”: The Films of Monte Hellman: New Hollywood Cinema in the 1970s
  110. ↑ From Tarkovsky to AI: On the Evolving Resonance of Solaris
  111. ↑ Sharp, Jasper (July 3, 2006). "Round-Up #22: Anime special". Midnight Eye. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2008.
  112. ↑ ‘Fantastic Planet’ Review: Science Fiction Has Never Appeared As Radical, Nor Bleak
  113. ↑ Fabian, Jenny (April 21, 2000), "Jung hearts run free", The Guardian.
  114. ↑ Cantilever City Brutalist Architecture in (Soviet) Cinema
  115. 1 2 3 Angelopoulos and the Lingua Franca of Modernism
  116. 1 2 Why Do Movies Feel So Different Now? - Thomas Flight on YouTube
  117. ↑ ANDREI TARKOVSKY'S THE MIRROR (1975)|366 WEIRD MOVIES
  118. 1 2 Hoad, Phil (2022-08-22). "Bubble Bath review – hallucinogenic animated musical is a work of 70s genius". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  119. 1 2 "Habfürdő in the 2020-2021 Season of Classic Films Catalogue". Gyorgy Kovasznai NEW. 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  120. ↑ Project MUSE – Modernism and Vietnam: Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now
  121. ↑ Autumn Marathon: An Existential Critique of the Era of Stagnation
  122. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 The Essential Digital Modernist Movies, a list by Nikita Lavretski · Letterboxd
  123. 1 2 CINE-FILE SELECTS: SON OF THE WHITE MARE – CINEFILE.info
  124. ↑ Fitzcarraldo| Eye Filmmuseum
  125. ↑ The imagination of touch: surrealist tactility in the films of Jan Švankmajer
  126. 1 2 3 (PDF) Anime and Modernism: Using Hayao Miyazaki's Films as a Medium for Critiquing and Understanding Modernism's Impact on the Environment
  127. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Modernism for the masses: the lost glories of Film on Four – Prospect Magazine
  128. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Антигерои Балабанова временами явно напоминают героев Кафки
  129. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Why Jafar Panahi's Best Films Are Largely Unknown
  130. 1 2 Angelopoulos’ Gaze: Modernism, History, Cinematic Ethics
  131. ↑ (PDF) Films into Uniform: Dogme 95 and the Last New Wave
  132. ↑ Khrustalyov, My Car! – Senses of Cinema
  133. ↑ Idiots: On Munch and von Trier - The Paris Review
  134. ↑ No Substitute for the Soul: 25 years of Steven Spielberg's emotional sci-fi A.I. Artificial Intelligence · Journal · Letterboxd
  135. 1 2 3 4 Biopolitics and the Cinema of Extremes
  136. ↑ "ten" (2002) - abbas kiarostami
  137. ↑ Immersed In Movies: Disney/Dali ‘Destino’ Art: Lost, Found and Reconstructed
  138. 1 2 Hard To Be A God - Aleksei German and Modernism – Scout Tafoya on YouTube
  139. ↑ Разрушение разрушения. Постмодерн в работах Миядзаки
  140. ↑ Реванш модерна: Висконти в Зубровке
  141. 1 2 Mironescu, Andreea (2017). "In-Between Histories: Intermedial Configurations in Radu Jude's Collage Film "The Dead Nation"". Jazyk a kultúra. 31–32: 103–111 – via ResearchGate.
  142. ↑ Abbas Kiarostami and Nature: Part 1 — The Poetry of Landscape
  143. ↑ The Extraordinary Cinematic Ode to Modernism That You Need to See
  144. 1 2 Lazar, Veronica; Gorzo, Andrei (January 2019). "An updated political modernism: Radu Jude and "I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians"". Close Up: Film and Media Studies. 3 (1–2): 7–19 – via ResearchGate.
  145. ↑ The Brutalist Architecture of Dune Rule-breaking Designs for the Future (PDF)
  146. ↑ (PDF) The films of Dušan Makavejev and their reception in Serbia
  147. 1 2 Self-reflection in Modernism, Post-Modernism and Abbas Kiarostami Jean Luc Godards Cinema
  148. ↑ Bleasdale, John (22 August 2025). "(Review) Dracula: It's hard to resist the irreverence of Radu Jude's overstuffed vampire parody". Sight And Sound. British Film Institute. Retrieved 18 December 2025.
  149. ↑ Films by Zoltán Huszárik (1963-1979): life, death and one incredible box set
  150. 1 2 3 Slow Expansion. Neomodernism as a Postnational Tendency in Contemporary Cinema
  151. ↑ Jennifer Lynde Barker (December 13, 2021). "Crafting Animation: Hermína Týrlová's Fuzzy Modernism". MAI. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
  152. ↑ Мастер: Алексей Балабанов
  153. ↑ Scret Museums: The Films of Arthur Lipsett – Google Books (ch."Introduction")
  154. ↑ Modernity and consumer culture in Visconti's early films
  155. ↑ Modernism as a Misnomer: Godard's Archeology of the Image
  156. ↑ The Palgrave Handbook of Experimental Cinema – Google Books (pg.524)
  157. ↑ A Rich Tapestry of Black Experience: Close–Up on Oscar Micheaux's WITHIN OUR GATES, a story by MUBI · Letterboxd
  158. ↑ (PDF) Формальный метод: Антология русского модернизма. Том IV. Функции. Кн. 1. (Б. Арватов, Л. Кулешов и Е. Поливанов) /Под ред. С. А. Ушакина. — Екатеринбург; Москва: Кабинетный ученый, 2023. — 1056 с. : ил. ISBN 978-5-7584-0244-3
  159. ↑ Perry, Ted (2006). Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253347718.
  160. ↑ Modernism and Film - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
  161. ↑ Murphy, Richard (2007). "Modernism and the Cinema: Metropolis and the Expressionist Aesthetic". Comparative Critical Studies. 4 (1): 105–120. doi:10.3366/ccs.2007.4.1.105. S2CID 145016904.
  162. ↑ Vertigo - Cinema and Media Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
  163. ↑ "Modernism and Citizen Kane" by George R. Robinson - BMCC
  164. ↑ The Big Sleep: Cinema and Modernism > National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Korea
  165. ↑ German Cinema, 1920-1930 — Modernism Lab
  166. ↑ Kovács, András Bálint (2006). "Sartre, the Philosophy of Nothingness, and the Modern Melodrama". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. 64 (1): 135–145. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8529.2006.00235.x. JSTOR 3700498.
  167. ↑ Film Noir and the Spaces of Modernity —— Edward Dimendberg|Harvard University Press
  168. ↑ Cinema and modernism - The British Library
  169. ↑ The forgotten glamour and modernism of 1930s Italian cinema sets – Museum Crush
  170. ↑ Modernism, Montage, and Social Commentary in Early City Films — Indiana University Cinema
  171. ↑ Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal
  172. ↑ How Chantal Akerman's modernist masterpiece changed cinema - BBC Culture
  173. ↑ Screening Modernism —— Cineaste Magazine
  174. ↑ Anthology Film Archives : Film Screenings
  175. ↑ American Stranger: Modernisms, Hollywood, and the Cinema of Nicholas Ray (Suny Series) (Paperback)|University Press Books/Berkeley
  176. ↑ Sirk/Fassbinder: Melodrama Mutations|White City Cinema
  177. ↑ Evans, Victoria L. (2017). Douglas Sirk, Aesthetic Modernism and the Culture of Modernity. ISBN 9781474409391. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1pwt8s4.
  178. ↑ Battleship Potemkin makes us strong|World cinema|The Guardian
  179. ↑ American Stranger - Google Books
  180. ↑ Key avant-garde films from the roaring '20s :: September 2011 :: Cassone
  181. ↑ The sad and the beautiful : Val Lewton and Vincette Minnelli at the Stanford Theatre|The Stanford Daily
  182. ↑ Masterpieces of Modernist Cinema - Indiana University Press
  183. ↑ THE WORK OF IDA LUPINO EARNS SOME OVERDUE PRAISE - Chicago Tribune
  184. ↑ Table of Contents: Masterpieces of modernist cinema/ - Villanova University
  185. ↑ Modernity: A Film by Alfred Hitchcock — Senses of Cinema
  186. ↑ Established Modernism, 1962-1966 - Chicago Scholarship
  187. ↑ “ ‘Saved from the Blessings of Civilization’: Stagecoach, the West, and American Vernacular Modernism” - Michael Valdez Moses, Duke University
  188. ↑ Yasujiro Ozu: 10 essential films|BFI
  189. ↑ The Rashomon Effect|The Current|The Criterion Collection
  190. ↑ A Quickie Look at the Life & Career of Tex Avery - Bright Lights Film Journal
  191. ↑ Tex Avery: Arch-Radicalizer of the Hollywood Cartoon - Bright Lights Journal
  192. ↑ That's All, Folks - The Washington Post
  193. ↑ The 100 Most Influential Sequences in Animation History - Vulture
  194. ↑ The Cartoon Renegades - The New York Times
  195. ↑ Alternative Visions: Animation|BAMPFA
  196. ↑ Independent Spirits: Faith Hubley/John Hubley (2003) - Turner Classic Movies
  197. ↑ Wolfgram Evans, Noell K. (26 April 2011). Animators of Film and Television: Nineteen Artists, Writers, Producers and Others. McFarland. ISBN 9780786448326.
  198. ↑ Amit Chaudhuri on Satyajit Ray's very Indian modernity: Not a 'beginning' as much as a 'fruition' - Scroll.in
  199. ↑ Cinema, Emergence, and the Films of Satyajit Ray - Google Books (pg.195)
  200. ↑ The Riddle of the Chicken: The Work of Norman McLaren — Senses of Cinema
  201. ↑ The world of Len Lye|Govett-Brewster Art Gallery|Len Lye Centre
  202. ↑ "Pretty Good for the 21st Century||Keep It Moving?
  203. ↑ Film and Literary Modernism - Google Books
  204. ↑ The Statues Still Stood: The Third Man and Third Spaces|Modernism / Modernity Print+
  205. ↑ The Development of a Modernist Narrative in Selected Film of Joseph Losey - CORE
  206. ↑ Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism on JSTOR
  207. ↑ Ten Great Movies for Placemakers —— Project for Public Spaces
  208. ↑ Rabinowitz, Paula (2002). Black & White & Noir: America's Pulp Modernism. Columbia University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-231-11481-3.
  209. ↑ Hilliker, Lee (2002). "In the Modernist Mirror: Jacques Tati and the Parisian Landscape". The French Review. 76 (2): 318–329. JSTOR 3132711.
  210. ↑ The Case for Douglas Sirk as the First Postmodern Filmmaker|Collider
  211. ↑ Carney, Raymond (28 January 1994). The Films of John Cassavetes: Pragmatism, Modernism, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521388153.
  212. ↑ The Daring, Original, and Overlooked "Symbiopyschotaxiplasm: Take One"|The New Yorker
  213. ↑ Blake Edwards's 'The Great Race' and 'The Party' - The New York Times
  214. ↑ The Bitter Essence of Blake Edwards|Screening the Past
  215. ↑ Filmmuseum - Program SD
  216. ↑ Hard Clarity, Vaporous Ambiguity: The Fusion of Realism and Modernism in Antonioni's early 1960s Films - Senses of Cinema
  217. ↑ Modernist Master: Michelangelo Antonioni | BAMPFA
  218. ↑ "Mr. Klein". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2025-10-23.
  219. ↑ Mr. Klein | BAMPFA
  220. ↑ Pierrot Le Fou's Discourse on the Infection of Americanism in Europe and the Absurdity of Modern Society|Culled Culture
  221. ↑ "All right: where am I?" "Looney Tunes" Animation as Modernist Performance on JSTOR
  222. ↑ John Cassavetes: The First Dogma Director? - Bright Lights Film Journal
  223. ↑ McElhaney, Joe (February 2012). The Death of Classical Cinema: Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791481110.
  224. ↑ Klein, Scott W.; Moses, Michael Valdez (2021). A Modernist Cinema: Film Art from 1914 to 1941. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937945-3.
  225. ↑ Was postmodernism born with Close Encounters of the Third Kind?|Culture|The Guardian
  226. ↑ Kubrick's Total Cinema: Philosophical Themes and Formal Qualities - Google Books
  227. ↑ Time Machines: After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy, edited by Jeremi Szaniawski · Senses of Cinema
  228. ↑ Hutcheon, Linda (1990). "An epilogue: Postmodern parody: History, subjectivity, and ideology". Quarterly Review of Film and Video. 12 (1–2): 125–133. doi:10.1080/10509209009361343.
  229. ↑ Hiroshima mon amour's Unforgettable Opening|Current|The Criterion Collection
  230. ↑ Horror versus Terror in the Body Genre | CINEACTION
  231. ↑ Emile de Antonio - Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
  232. ↑ Lessons of Documentary: Reality, Representation, and Cinematic Expressivity - American Society For Aesthetics
  233. ↑ Agnès Varda Was a Living Work of Art - The Hollywood Reporter
  234. ↑ Eclipse Series 19: Chantal Akerman in the Seventies|The Criterion Collection
  235. ↑ "Here Is Your Life". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2025-10-23.
  236. ↑ Voyage into the unknown | Movies - The Guardian
  237. ↑ "A Matter of Life and Death". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2025-10-23.
  238. ↑ Hippie Modernism: Cinema and Counterculture, 1964-1974 - BAMPFA
  239. ↑ Theater 2 Hippie Modernism Shorts - BAMPFA
  240. ↑ Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia At The Berkeley Art Museum | East Bay Express
  241. ↑ Elegy to Ecstasy: Films from Canyon Cinema - BAMPFA
  242. ↑ Vulgar Modernism - Artfourm International
  243. ↑ Vulgar Modernism - Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism
  244. ↑ Simpson, Philip; Utterson, Andrew; Shepherdson, Karen J. (2004). Film Theory: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 171. ISBN 9780415259750.
  245. ↑ Five films that influenced Jean-Luc Godard|Far Out Magazine
  246. ↑ Jiří Trnka Shorts: Mature Mastery | American Cinematheque
  247. ↑ The Czech Year - Harvard Film Archive
  248. ↑ Bashara, Dan (2 April 2019). Cartoon Vision: UPA Animation and Postwar Aesthetics. Univ of California Press. ISBN 9780520298132.
  249. ↑ Global Animation Theory - International Perspectives at Animafest Zagreb - Bloomsbury Collections
  250. ↑ Sollors, Werner (2008). Ethnic modernism (First Harvard University Press paperback ed.). Cambridge, Mass. p. 8. ISBN 9780674030916.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  251. ↑ Murray, Robin L. (2011). That's all folks? : ecocritical readings of American animated features. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 85–89. ISBN 9780803235120.
  252. ↑ Six facts about Jean-Luc Goddard – the godfather of modernist cinema|Evening Standard
  253. ↑ What Made Buster Keaton's Comedy So Modern?|The New Yorker
  254. ↑ "The Servant". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  255. ↑ "La notte". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  256. ↑ Hoberman, J. (2021-01-01). "Hippie Medium". Artforum. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  257. ↑ "United Productions of America and Cartoon Modernism · Bosustow Family Film Collection · Indiana University Libraries Moving Image Archive". collections.libraries.indiana.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  258. ↑ Troyer, Seth (2023-09-18). "12 Totally Strange and Underseen Animated Films". PopMatters. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  259. ↑ "Modernist Cinema". Meer. 2019-01-01. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  260. ↑ Delapa, Thom (2023-11-24). "What Makes Citizen Kane the Greatest Film of All Time?". TheCollector. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  261. ↑ Anderson, Danny (2019-11-06). "How THE BIG SLEEP Made Detectives Postmodern". Film Inquiry. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  262. ↑ "Theories of Modernism in Cinema | Voices | Sylff Official Website | Cultivating Leaders of Tomorrow". Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  263. ↑ Hoberman, J. (2022-09-16). "Godard Was Cinema". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2025-10-24.
  264. ↑ Ford, H. (2012-10-29). Post-War Modernist Cinema and Philosophy: Confronting Negativity and Time. Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-28352-8.
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