List of wars involving Sri Lanka
This is a list of wars involving Sri Lanka and its predecessor states.
Major conflicts
- Legend
- Victory
- Defeat
- Other result
- Ongoing
| Conflict | Sri Lanka (and allies) | Opponents | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anuradhapura period (377 BCE–1017) | |||
| Battle of Vijithapura (162–1 BCE) |
Victory
| ||
| 110 Chola invasion of Anuradhapura (110) |
Chola Victory | ||
| Gajabahu's invasion of Chola (120) |
Victory | ||
| Pandyan invasion of Anuradhapura (846) |
Pandyan Victory[1]
| ||
| Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya (862) |
Pandyan Victory | ||
| Battle of Vellore (915) |
Pandya dynasty
Supported by: |
Chola Victory
| |
| 917 Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya (917) |
Defeat [2] | ||
| 946 Chola invasion of Anuradhapura (946) |
|
Anuradhapura Victory
| |
| Battle of Chevur (959) |
Pandya dynasty Supported by: |
Chola Victory
| |
| 959 Chola invasion of Anuradhapura (959) |
Treaty signed[1]
| ||
| Chola conquest of Anuradhapura (992–1017) |
Chola Victory
| ||
| Sinhalese Resistance (1017–1070) |
Anuradhapura Victory | ||
| Polonnaruwa period (1017–1232) | |||
| First Polonnaruwa–Pagan War (1164–65) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom Angkorian Empire |
Pagan kingdom |
Victory |
| Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom |
Defeat
| |
| 1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola (1173) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Victory | |
| Second Polonnaruwa–Pagan War (1180–81) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom Angkorian Empire |
Pagan kingdom | Victory
|
| 1202 Chola invasion of Polonnaruwa (1202) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | ||
| 1208 Chola invasion of Polonnaruwa (1208) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Defeat
| |
| Chola invasion of Polonnaruwa under Anikanga (1209) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom
|
Polonnaruwa Kingdom |
Defeat
|
| 1210 Chola invasion of Polonnaruwa (1210) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Defeat
| |
| Invasion of Parakrama Pandyan II (1212) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Defeat
| |
| Invasion of Kalinga Magha (1215) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Eastern Ganga dynasty | Defeat
|
| Transitional period (1232–1592) | |||
| First Tambralinga invasion of Dambadeniya (1247) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Tambralinga | Defeat |
| First Pandyan invasion of Dambadeniya (1258) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Defeat | |
| Second Tambralinga invasion of Dambadeniya (1262) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Tambralinga | Defeat |
| Second Pandyan invasion of Dambadeniya (1263) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Defeat | |
| Third Pandyan invasion of Dambadeniya (1270) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Defeat | |
| Forth Pandyan invasion of Dambadeniya (~1277) |
Kingdom of Dambadeniya | Defeat
| |
| 1360 Jaffna invasion of Gampola (1360) |
Kingdom of Gampola | Jaffna kingdom | |
| Vijayanagara invasion of Gampola (1385) |
Kingdom of Gampola | Vijayanagara Empire | |
| 1391 Jaffna invasion of Gampola (1391) |
Kingdom of Gampola | Jaffna kingdom | |
| Ming–Kotte War (1411) |
Ming China |
Ming victory
| |
| 1435 Vijayanagara invasion of Kotte (1435) |
Vijayanagara Empire | ||
| 1437 Vijayanagara invasion of Kotte (1437) |
Vijayanagara Empire | ||
| 1440 Vijayanagara invasion of Kotte (1440) |
Vijayanagara Empire | ||
| Kotte conquest of Jaffna (1449–1454) |
Supported by: Vijayanagar Empire |
Kotte victory
| |
| Kotte invasion of Vijayanagara (1456) |
Vijayanagara Empire | Victory | |
| 1518 Kotte–Portuguese War (1518) |
|||
| 1521 Kotte–Portuguese War (1521) |
|||
| Kotte–Portuguese invasion of Kandy (1550) |
|||
| Portuguese–Sitawaka War (1551) |
|||
| 1560 Portuguese invasion of Jaffna (1560) |
Portuguese victory | ||
| 1574–78 Portuguese attack on Sitawaka (1574–78) |
| ||
| 1591 Portuguese invasion of Jaffna (1591) |
Portuguese victory | ||
| Kandyan period (1592–1815) | |||
| First Kandyan–Dutch War (1670–1675[a]) |
|
Dutch victory
| |
| Second Kandyan–Dutch War (1764–1766)[14] |
Dutch victory
| ||
| Vanniyar Rebellion (1782) |
Victory
| ||
| First Anglo-Kandyan War (1803–1805) |
Victory | ||
| Second Anglo-Kandyan War (1815) |
British victory
| ||
| British Ceylon period (1815–1948) | |||
| Third Anglo-Kandyan War (1817–1818) |
British victory | ||
| Second Boer War (1899–1902) |
British victory
| ||
| World War I (1914–1918) |
Allied Powers:
|
Central Powers:
|
Allied victory (see Aftermath of World War I) |
| World War II (1939–1945[e]) |
Allied Powers: | Axis powers: | Allied victory |
Civil wars and internal conflicts
- Legend
- Victory
- Defeat
- Other result
- Ongoing
| Conflict | Sri Lanka (and allies) | Opponents | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Anuradhapura period (543–377 BCE) | |||
| Pandukabhaya's rebellion (458–439 BCE) |
Rebellion: Pandukabhaya's victory
| ||
| Manavanna's First Restoration War (660s) |
Supported by: Pallava dynasty |
Civil war: Aborted[1] | |
| Manavanna's Second Restoration War (684) |
Supported by: Pallava dynasty |
Civil war: Manavanna's victory[1][17] | |
| Polonnaruwa period (1017–1232) | |||
| Velakkara revolt (1084) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Rebellion: Polonnaruwa victory |
| First Polonnaruwa War of Succession (1110–1153) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Civil war: |
| Queen Sugala rebellion (1157) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Principality of Ruhuna | Rebellion: Polonnaruwa victory |
| Ruhuna Rebellion (1160) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Principality of Ruhuna | |
| Rajarata Rebellion (1168) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Rajarata | |
| Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession (1186–87) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Civil war: |
| Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession (1186–87) |
Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Polonnaruwa Kingdom | Civil war: |
| Transitional period (1232–1592) | |||
| Sinhala sange revolt (1470s) |
Rebellion:
| ||
| Vijayabā Kollaya (1521) |
Succession crisis:
| ||
| 1536–39 Kotte–Sitawaka War (1536–39) |
Succession crisis: | ||
| 1547 Kandy–Sitawaka War (1547) |
Succession crisis: | ||
| 1552 Kandy–Sitawaka War (1552) |
Succession crisis: | ||
| Revolt of Veediya Bandara (1553) |
Revolt: | ||
| 1555–65 Kotte–Sitawaka War (1555–65) |
Succession crisis:
| ||
| 1574 Sitawaka attack on Kandy (1574) |
Succession crisis: | ||
| Sitawaka conquest of Kandy (1581–1592) |
Succession crisis:
| ||
| Wars of Kotte Succession (1521–1658) |
|
Kingdom of Raigama Supported by: Zamorin of Calicut Kingdom of Tanjore |
Victory
|
| British Ceylon period (1815–1948) | |||
| Matale rebellion (1848) |
Rebellion: British Ceylon victory | ||
| Sri Lanka since 1948 | |||
| 1971 JVP insurrection (1971) |
Military intervention: |
Supported by:
Diplomatic support: |
Internal conflict: Ceylonese government victory
|
| Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009[26][27]) |
Other Tamil militant groups |
Civil war: Sri Lankan government victory
| |
| 1987–1989 JVP insurrection (1987–1989) |
|
Internal conflict: Sri Lankan government victory
| |
Minor conflicts
- Legend
- Victory
- Defeat
- Other result
- Ongoing
Military operations
| Conflict | Sri Lanka (and allies) | Opponents | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anuradhapura period (377 BCE–1017) | |||
| Battle of Vatapi (642) |
Pallava dynasty |
Chalukya Empire | Pallava Victory
|
| Sri Lanka since 1948 | |||
| Operation Yukthiya (2023–present) |
Drug dealers | Ongoing | |
| Operation Prosperity Guardian (2023–present) |
Supported by: |
Ongoing
| |
Peacekeeping
| Conflict | Sri Lanka (and allies) | Opponents | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (1978–present) |
Ongoing | ||
| United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (2004–present) |
Ongoing | ||
| United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (2007–2010) |
Ended | ||
| United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (2013–present) |
Ongoing |
Footnotes
- ↑ It can be argued that the wars started in 1665 because that what the Dutch started invading but 1670 is when it was officially war and the first major offensive by the Kandyans took place.
- ↑ Before Federation in 1901, Australian involvement in the war consisted of forces from the following separate colonies:
- ↑ Larger numbers of volunteers came from the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden-Norway. Smaller forces came from Ireland, Italy, Congress Poland, France, Australia, Belgium, Russia, the United States, Denmark, Austria-Hungary, and Greece.
- ↑ The Russian Empire during 1914–1917, the Russian Republic during 1917. The Bolsheviks signed an armistice followed by a separate peace shortly after their armed seizure of power.
- ↑ While various other dates have been proposed as the date on which World War II began or ended, this is the period most frequently cited.
References
Citations
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Pieris 2009.
- ↑ Nilakanda Sastry, The Colas,1955, pg.122
- ↑ Spencer 1976, p. 411
- ↑ The Jungle Tide:“Collapse” in Early Mediaeval Sri Lanka STRICKLAND, KEIR, MAGALIE (2011) The Jungle Tide: “Collapse” in Early Mediaeval Sri Lanka. Doctoral thesis, Durham University. P.331 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/893/
- ↑ Sastri 2000, p. 199-200.
- ↑ Nilakanda Sastry, The Colas,1955 p.368
- ↑ Intirapālā, Kārttikēcu (1971). The collapse of the Rajarata civilization in Ceylon and the drift to the south-west: a symposium. Ceylon Studies Seminar, University of Ceylon. p. 96.
- ↑ (India), Andhra Pradesh (2000). Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers: Prakasam. Director of Print. and Stationery at the Government Secretariat Press; [copies can be from: Government Publication Bureau, Andhra Pradesh].
- ↑ Connolly, Peter; Gillingham, John; Lazenby, John (2016-05-13). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN 9781135936747.
- ↑ Kunarasa, p.66
- ↑ Patmanātan̲, Ci (1978). The Kingdom of Jaffna. Arul M. Rajendran.
- ↑ KA Nilakanta Sastri, p197
- ↑ Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (1958). History of South India.
- ↑ Emmer, Pieter C; Gommans, Jos J.L (2020). The Dutch Overseas Empire, 1600-1800 (Hardcover ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 294. ISBN 9781108428378.
- ↑ Grattan, Robert (2009). "The Entente in World War I: a case study in strategy formulation in an alliance". Journal of Management History. 15 (2): 147–158. doi:10.1108/17511340910943796.
- ↑ Haydon, A.P. (1964). "South Australia's first war". Australian Historical Studies. 11 (42).
- ↑ Weerasooriya 2026.
- ↑ Rindom, Jan (1995). OSTINDISK KOMPAGNI 1616-50 (PDF) (in Danish). DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEK. p. 24.
- ↑ "The story of a North Korea-backed rebellion in Sri Lanka – North Korea News". NKNews. 2017.
- ↑ Farrel, Tom (12 March 2014). "North Korea's role in Sri Lanka's bloody insurgencies". NKNews.
- ↑ Commission on the Organization of the Government. USA. 1975.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Iqbal 1972, p. 9.
- ↑ History of the JVP, 1965–1994 (1st ed.). Niyamuwa Publications. November 2014. ISBN 978-955-8696-39-2. .
- ↑ Sri Lanka the years of Terror. p. 59
- ↑ Gunaratna 1990, p. 8.
- ↑ "LTTE defeated; Sri Lanka liberated from terror". Ministry of Defence. 18 May 2009. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
- ↑ "Sri Lankan president declares war 'victory'". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ↑ Recolonisation: Foreign Funded NGOs in Sri Lanka. p. 233
- ↑ "Statement from Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III on Ensuring Freedom of Navigation in the Red Sea". U.S. Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ↑ "NZ to deploy six NZDF staff to Red Sea, PM announces". 1 News. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ↑ Mallawarachi, Bharatha (9 January 2024). "Sri Lanka to join US-led naval operations against Houthi rebels in Red Sea". ABC News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ↑ "Red Sea crisis: Navy OPV heads home after maiden patrol". The Morning. 24 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "SLNS Gajabahu returns from Red Sea". Ceylon Today. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ↑ "Red Sea crisis: SLN prepped to continue patrols". The Morning. 3 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
Bibliography
- Web
- Pieris, Kamalika. "Sinhala king and South Indian invasions". Online edition of Daily News. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- Weerasooriya, Nishan. "King Manavamma [684-718 CE]". AmazingLanka.com. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- Journals
- de Silva, C. R. (1977). "The rise and fall of the kingdom of Sitawaka (1521-1593)". The Ceylon Journal of Historical and Social Studies. VII (1): 1–43. Retrieved 12 February 2026.
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