List of tallest buildings in the Paris region

Tall buildings in the Paris region
Skyline of La Défense in 2023
Tallest buildingThe Link (2025)
Tallest building height242 m (794 ft)
Tallest structureEiffel Tower (1889)
Tallest structure height330 m (1,083 ft)
Major clustersLa Défense
13th arrondissement
Front de Seine
First 150 m+ buildingTour Les Poissons (1970)
Number of tall buildings (2026)
Taller than 100 m (328 ft)85
Taller than 150 m (492 ft)24
Taller than 200 m (656 ft)4
Towers in the 13th arrondissement
The Front de Seine project in the 15th arrondissement

With a population of over 12 million, Île-de-France, often called the Paris region, is home to most of the tallest buildings in France. Many of the tallest buildings in the Paris metropolitan area are located outside of the city boundaries of Paris, especially in the business district of La Défense. The tallest structure in Paris is the Eiffel Tower in the city's 7th arrondissement at a height of 330 metres (1,083 ft). Completed in 1889 as the gateway to the Exposition Universelle, the Eiffel Tower was the first man-made structure in the world to exceed 300 m (984 ft), and has since become the city's most famous landmark. The tallest habitable building in the Paris region is The Link, a 242 metre (794 ft), 52-storey office skyscraper in La Défense built in 2025. As of 2026, there are 85 high-rise buildings in the Paris region that stand over 100 m (328 ft), the most of any metropolitan area in the European Union. 24 skyscrapers in the Paris region are taller than 150 m (492 ft), the fourth-most in Europe after Moscow, Istanbul, and London.

Very few high-rises were built in Paris in the first half of the 20th century. The Plan Voisin redevelopment of Paris, designed by French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1925, would have replaced a large area of central Paris with identical tower blocks, but the plan was rejected by the city for being too radical.[1] The Tour Albert, a 23-storey high-rise built in 1960, is considered to be the first residential high-rise in Paris.[2][3] It preceded the arrival of larger-scale residential projects in the city in the 1960s and 1970s in the outer arrondissements, particularly the Italie 13 urbanism project in the 13th arrondissement. The project led to the creation of numerous towers in the south of the arrondissement, most notably the Les Olympiades complex. Italie 13 was met with public criticism as its towers were erected. French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing decided to stop the Italie 13 project in 1974, leaving it only partially completed.

The business district of La Défense emerged in the 1960s and quickly added a number of commercial skyscrapers to its skyline in the early 1970s, including the Tour Les Poissons and Tour Areva. Around that time, the Tour Montparnasse was constructed in Paris as part of the redevelopment of the old Montparnasse station. The 210 m (689 ft) tall office skyscraper was quickly disliked by many Parisians due to its height, location, and monolithic appearance. In 1977, four years after the skyscraper's completion, Paris prohibited the construction of buildings with over seven storeys from the city centre.[4][5][6] Following the ban, high-rise development in the Paris region has since occurred primarily in La Défense.[7] The 111 m (364 ft) tall Grande Arche was built in 1989 on the Axe historique, placing it in the centre of the La Défense skyline when seen from the Arc de Triomphe. The La Défense skyline has expanded significantly in the 21st century with skyscrapers such as Tour T1, Tour D2, Tour Majunga and Tour Hekla. Tour First underwent a height increase from 159 m (522 ft) to 231 m (758 ft) in 2011, making it the tallest building in France before it was surpassed by The Link in 2025.

In 2010, the city of Paris relaxed its height limit in select areas, allowing for the addition of a few new skyscrapers to the city, those being a new building for the Tribunal de Paris, the Tours Duo complex, and the Tour Triangle, a 42-storey pyramidal skyscraper currently under construction. A new height limit was imposed in 2023, banning skyscrapers in Paris once again. Today, most of the Paris region's high-rises are located in La Défense, to the west of the city of Paris; in the 13th arrondissement; and in Front de Seine, located along the Seine near the Eiffel Tower in the 15th arrondissement. Other high-rise buildings are scattered throughout the region, mainly in close proximity to the Périphérique freeway. These include Les Mercuriales in Bagnolet, the Tour Pleyel in Saint-Denis, the Hôtel Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile in the city proper, and the Tour Montparnasse.

History

Number of buildingsYear02040608010019601970198019902000201020202030Buildings taller than 100 m (328 ft)Buildings taller than 150 m (492 ft)Buildings taller than 200 m (656 ft)Growth of skyscrapers in the Paris region
Number of buildings by height in the Paris region by the end of each year, based on the information in this article. Click on the legend to toggle a specific height on or off. View chart definition.

Map of tallest buildings

Grand Paris

The map below shows the distribution of high-rise buildings taller than 100 m (328 ft) in the Paris region, with La Défense visible on the northwest of the map.

About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
1km
0.6miles
85
 Tour Allianz One
83
82
 Tour Blanche
 Tour Landscape
 Tour Landscape
79
 Tour Bologne
 Tour Ancône
 Tour Ravenne
 Tour Palerme
 Tour Ferrare
 L'archipel
 L'archipel
 Tour Emblem
 Tour Mykérinos
 Tour Chéops
 Tour Tokyo
 Tour Londres
 Tour Anvers
66
 Tour Gambetta
 Tour Helsinki
 Tour Sapporo
 Tour Mexico
 Tour Athènes
 Tour Cortina
 Tour Antoine et Cléopâtre
 Tour Sequoia
 Tour Sequoia
 Tour Nuage 2
 Tour Nuage 1
 Tour Initiale
 Tour Initiale
 Opus 12 Tower
 Opus 12 Tower
 Tour Atlantique
 Tour Atlantique
52
52  Tour Fugue
52  Tour Fugue
 Tour Eve
 Tour CGI
 Tour CGI
 Tour Europe
 Grande Arche
 Grande Arche
 Tour Manhattan
 Tour Super-Italie
 Tour Super-Italie
 Préfecture des Hauts-de-Seine
 Préfecture des Hauts-de-Seine
 Tour Franklin
 Tour Franklin
43
43  Pullman Paris Montparnasse Hotel
43  Pullman Paris Montparnasse Hotel
42
 Tour Neptune
 Tour W
 Tour W
 Tour Duo 2
 Tour Duo 2
 Tour Levant
37
 Tour Europlaza
 Tour Europlaza
35
 Tour Aurore
 Tour Aurore
33
33  Tour La Villette
33  Tour La Villette
 Tour France
 Tour France
 Tour Michelet
 Tour Michelet
30
30  Tour Pleyel
30  Tour Pleyel
 Tour Défense 2000
 Tour Défense 2000
28
28  Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile
28  Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile
 Tour Eqho
 Tour Eqho
 Tour CBX
 Tour CBX
 Tour Légende
 Tour Légende
 Tour Les Poissons
 Tour Les Poissons
 Tour Adria
 Tour Adria
 Tour Égée
 Tour Égée
 Tour Ariane
 Tour Ariane
 Tour Trinity
 Tour Trinity
19
19  Tribunal de Paris
19  Tribunal de Paris
 Tour Alto
 Tour Alto
 Cœur Défense
 Cœur Défense
 Tour Carpe Diem
 Tour Carpe Diem
 Tour CB21
 Tour CB21
 Tour Chassagne
 Tour Chassagne
 Tour Alicante
 Tour Alicante
 Tour D2
 Tour D2
 Tour Areva
 Tour Areva
 Tour Total
 Tour Total
 Tour Duo 1
 Tour Duo 1
 Tour Saint-Gobain
 Tour Saint-Gobain
 Tour Granite
 Tour Granite
 Tour T1
 Tour T1
 Tour Majunga
 Tour Majunga
4
4  Tour Montparnasse
4  Tour Montparnasse
 Tour Hekla
 Tour Hekla
 Tour First
 Tour First
 The Link
 The Link
Buildings taller than 100 m (328 ft) in the Paris region.
  •  1970s 
  •  2010s 
  •  2020s 
4
 Tour Montparnasse
19
 Tribunal de Paris
28
 Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile
30
 Tour Pleyel
33
 Tour La Villette
35
 Tour Prélude
37
  Tour Ponant
42
 Tour Maestro
43
 Pullman Paris Montparnasse Hotel
52
 Tour Fugue
66
 Tour Giralda
79
 Tour Cantate
82
 Tour Panorama
83
 Tour Totem
85
 Tour Sequana

La Défense

The map below shows the distribution of high-rise buildings taller than 100 m (328 ft) in La Défense. Each marker is numbered by the building's height rank, and coloured by the decade of its completion.

About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
180m
196yds
84
81
80
80  Tour Landscape
80  Tour Landscape
73
73  L'archipel
73  L'archipel
72
65
58
58  Tour Sequoia
58  Tour Sequoia
57
56
55
55  Tour Initiale
55  Tour Initiale
54
54  Opus 12 Tower
54  Opus 12 Tower
53
53  Tour Atlantique
53  Tour Atlantique
51
50
50  Tour CGI
50  Tour CGI
49
48
48  Grande Arche
48  Grande Arche
47
44
44  Tour Franklin
44  Tour Franklin
41
40
40  Tour W
40  Tour W
36
36  Tour Europlaza
36  Tour Europlaza
34
34  Tour Aurore
34  Tour Aurore
32
32  Tour France
32  Tour France
31
31  Tour Michelet
31  Tour Michelet
29
29  Tour Défense 2000
29  Tour Défense 2000
27
27  Tour Eqho
27  Tour Eqho
26
26  Tour CBX
26  Tour CBX
25
25  Tour Légende
25  Tour Légende
24
24  Tour Les Poissons
24  Tour Les Poissons
23
23  Tour Adria
23  Tour Adria
22
22  Tour Égée
22  Tour Égée
21
21  Tour Ariane
21  Tour Ariane
20
20  Tour Trinity
20  Tour Trinity
18
18  Tour Alto
18  Tour Alto
17
17  Cœur Défense
17  Cœur Défense
16
16  Tour Carpe Diem
16  Tour Carpe Diem
15
15  Tour CB21
15  Tour CB21
14
14  Tour Chassagne
14  Tour Chassagne
13
13  Tour Alicante
13  Tour Alicante
12
12  Tour D2
12  Tour D2
11
11  Tour Areva
11  Tour Areva
10
10  Tour Total
10  Tour Total
8
8  Tour Saint-Gobain
8  Tour Saint-Gobain
7
7  Tour Granite
7  Tour Granite
6
6  Tour T1
6  Tour T1
5
5  Tour Majunga
5  Tour Majunga
3
3  Tour Hekla
3  Tour Hekla
2
2  Tour First
2  Tour First
1
1  The Link
1  The Link
Buildings taller than 100 m (328 ft) in La Défense.
  •  1960s 
  •  1970s 
  •  1980s 
  •  1990s 
  •  2000s 
  •  2010s 
  •  2020s 
1
 The Link
2
 Tour First
3
 Tour Hekla
5
 Tour Majunga
6
 Tour T1
7
 Tour Granite
8
 Tour Saint-Gobain
10
 Tour Total
11
 Tour Areva
12
 Tour D2
13
 Tour Alicante
14
 Tour Chassagne
15
 Tour CB21
16
 Tour Carpe Diem
17
 Cœur Défense
18
 Tour Alto
20
 Tour Trinity
21
 Tour Ariane
22
 Tour Égée
23
 Tour Adria
24
 Tour Les Poissons
25
 Tour Légende
26
 Tour CBX
27
 Tour Eqho
29
 Tour Défense 2000
31
 Tour Michelet
32
 Tour France
34
 Tour Aurore
36
 Tour Europlaza
40
 Tour W
41
 Tour Neptune
44
 Tour Franklin
47
 Tour Manhattan
48
 Grande Arche
49
 Tour Europe
50
 Tour CGI
51
 Tour Eve
53
 Tour Atlantique
54
 Opus 12 Tower
55
 Tour Initiale
56
 Tour Nuage 1
57
 Tour Nuage 2
58
 Tour Sequoia
65
 Tour Gambetta
72
 Tour Emblem
73
 L'archipel
80
 Tour Landscape
81
 Tour Blanche
84
 Tour Allianz One

Tallest buildings

This list ranks completed buildings in the Paris region that stand at least 100 m (328 ft) tall as of 2026, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. The “Year” column indicates the year of completion. Buildings tied in height are sorted by year of completion with earlier buildings ranked first, and then alphabetically.

  Was the tallest building in the Paris region upon completion
Rank Name Image Location Height
m (ft)
Floors Year Purpose Notes
N/A Eiffel TowerParis
7th arr.
48°51′30″N 2°17′40″E / 48.8582687°N 2.29450567°E / 48.8582687; 2.29450567 (Eiffel Tower)
330 (1,083)31889Communication
Observation
The world-famous tower was constructed as a centrepiece for the 1889 World's Fair and to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the French Revolution. There are three levels for visitors. Not a habitable building; included for comparison purposes.[8]
1 The LinkLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′15″N 2°14′52″E / 48.887428°N 2.247642°E / 48.887428; 2.247642 (The Link)
242 (794)522025Office Tallest building in Puteaux, the Paris region, and in France. Tallest building completed in the Paris region in the 2020s. The complex consists of two office towers named Arche and Seine, connected by 35 platforms, hence the name.[9]
2 Tour FirstLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′20″N 2°15′06″E / 48.888813°N 2.251672°E / 48.888813; 2.251672 (Tour First)
231 (758)561974[a]Office Tallest building in Courbevoie. The building was originally built to a height of 159 m (522 ft) and 40 storeys in 1974.[10] Large-scale renovation of the tower began in 2007 and was completed in 2011, resulting in a height increase to 231 m (758 ft) including its spire. Tallest building in the Paris region from 2011 to 2025. Formerly known as Tour UAP from 1974 to 1998, and as Tour Axa from 1998 to 2007.[11]
3 Tour HeklaLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′20″N 2°14′06″E / 48.888958°N 2.235118°E / 48.888958; 2.235118 (Tour Hekla)
220 (722)482022Office Designed by renowned French architect Jean Nouvel. Named after the Icelandic volcano Hekla.[12][13]
4 Tour MontparnasseParis
15th arr.
48°50′31″N 2°19′19″E / 48.842068°N 2.322047°E / 48.842068; 2.322047 (Tour Montparnasse)
210 (689)581973Office Tallest building in the city of Paris since 1973. Tallest building in the Paris region from 1973 to 2011.[14] The building's controversial height, location, and design led to a ban of the construction of buildings over seven storeys tall in the city centre.[15][16] Work began in 2026 to renovate the tower, including the replacement of the facade. The renovation is expected to be complete in 2030.[17][18]
5 Tour MajungaLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′20″N 2°14′37″E / 48.88879°N 2.243485°E / 48.88879; 2.243485 (Tour Majunga)
194 (636)452014Office Tallest building completed in the Paris region in the 2010s.[19]
6 Tour T1La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′43″N 2°14′23″E / 48.895237°N 2.239827°E / 48.895237; 2.239827 (Tour T1)
185 (607)362008Office Tallest building completed in the Paris region in the 2000s. Also known as the Tour GDF Suez.[20]
7 Tour GraniteLa Défense
Nanterre
48°53′30″N 2°13′46″E / 48.891666°N 2.229441°E / 48.891666; 2.229441 (Tour Granite)
183 (600)362008Office Tallest building in Nanterre. Built as a complement to the Tours Société Générale.[21]
8 Tour Saint-Gobain La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′23″N 2°14′58″E / 48.889778°N 2.249384°E / 48.889778; 2.249384 (Tour Saint-Gobain)
180 (591) 41 2019 Office Headquarters of Saint-Gobain.[22]
9 Tour Duo 1Paris
13th arr.
48°49′29″N 2°22′59″E / 48.824772°N 2.382917°E / 48.824772; 2.382917 (Tour Duo 1)
180 (591)392021Office Tallest building in the 13th arrondissement.[23]
10 Tour Total La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′33″N 2°14′36″E / 48.892586°N 2.243292°E / 48.892586; 2.243292 (Tour Total)
179 (587) 48 1985 Office Tallest building completed in the Paris region in the 1980s. Previously known as Tour Elf from 1985 to 1999, and Tour TotalFinaElf from 1999 to 2003.[24]
11 Tour ArevaLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′32″N 2°14′31″E / 48.892319°N 2.241855°E / 48.892319; 2.241855 (Tour Areva)
178 (584)441974Office Formerly known as Tour Framatome and Tour Fiat. The building is black and in the shape of a square prism.[25]
12 Tour D2La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′25″N 2°14′53″E / 48.89035°N 2.247949°E / 48.89035; 2.247949 (Tour D2)
171 (561)362014Office Features a notable concrete and steel exo-structure.[26][27]
13 Tour AlicanteLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′32″N 2°13′50″E / 48.8922557°N 2.23064633°E / 48.8922557; 2.23064633 (Tour Alicante)
167 (548)371995Office One half of the Tours Société Générale (Société Générale Twin Towers). The complex was later joined by Tour Granite in 2008.[28]
14 Tour ChassagneLa Défense
Nanterre
48°53′30″N 2°13′51″E / 48.89168386°N 2.23095275°E / 48.89168386; 2.23095275 (Tour Chassagne)
167 (548)371995Office One half of the Tours Société Générale (Société Générale Twin Towers). The complex was later joined by Tour Granite in 2008.[29]
15 Tour CB21 La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′20″N 2°14′59″E / 48.888832°N 2.249858°E / 48.888832; 2.249858 (Tour Gan)
166 (545) 42 1974 Office Formerly known as Tour Gan.[30]
16 Tour Carpe DiemLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′29″N 2°14′44″E / 48.891525°N 2.245637°E / 48.891525; 2.245637 (Tour Carpe Diem)
161.9 (531)362013Office [31][32]
17 Cœur DéfenseLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′29″N 2°14′37″E / 48.891258°N 2.243668°E / 48.891258; 2.243668 (Cœur Défense)
161 (528)392001Office [33]
18 Tour AltoLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′22″N 2°15′04″E / 48.889462°N 2.251178°E / 48.889462; 2.251178 (Tour Alto)
159.9 (525)382020Office [34]
19 Tribunal de ParisParis
17th arr.
48°53′43″N 2°18′36″E / 48.895212°N 2.3099256°E / 48.895212; 2.3099256 (Tribunal de Paris)
159.7 (524)382017Government The Tribunal de Paris is the largest court in France by caseload.[35]
20 Tour Trinity La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′35″N 2°14′28″E / 48.892918°N 2.24105°E / 48.892918; 2.24105 (Tour Trinity)
157.2 (516) 32 2020 Office [36]
21 Tour Ariane La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′21″N 2°14′37″E / 48.889282°N 2.243625°E / 48.889282; 2.243625 (Tour Ariane)
155.5 (510) 40 1975 Office [37]
22 Tour ÉgéeLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′42″N 2°14′18″E / 48.8950117°N 2.238196°E / 48.8950117; 2.238196 (Tour Égée)
155 (509)391999Office Also known as Tour Ernst & Young.[38]
23 Tour Adria La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′42″N 2°14′12″E / 48.895096°N 2.236565°E / 48.895096; 2.236565 (Tour Adria)
155 (509) 40 2002 Office Also known as Tour Technip.[39]
24 Tour Les Poissons La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′40″N 2°15′06″E / 48.894505°N 2.25165°E / 48.894505; 2.25165 (Tour Les Poissons)
150 (492) 42 1970 Mixed-use Mixed-use residential and office building. Tallest building in the Paris region from 1970 to 1973.[40]
25 Tour Légende La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′23″N 2°14′29″E / 48.889706°N 2.241511°E / 48.889706; 2.241511 (Tour Légende)
148 (486) 41 2001 Office Also known as PB6 and Tour EDF.[41]
26 Tour CBXLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′28″N 2°14′48″E / 48.8911744°N 2.246688°E / 48.8911744; 2.246688 (Tour CBX)
143 (469)322005Office Also known as Tour Dexia.[42]
27 Tour Eqho La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′32″N 2°14′48″E / 48.892269°N 2.246672°E / 48.892269; 2.246672 (Tour Eqho)
140 (459) 40 1988 Office Also known as Tour Descartes and Tour IBM.[43]
28 Hyatt Regency Paris ÉtoileParis
17th arr.
48°52′48″N 2°17′03″E / 48.880096°N 2.284212°E / 48.880096; 2.284212 (Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile)
137 (449)341974Hotel The 995-room hotel was built in 1974 as the Hôtel Concorde La Fayette. It became the Hyatt Regency Paris Etoile in 2013.[44][45]
29 Tour Défense 2000La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′15″N 2°14′12″E / 48.887466°N 2.236662°E / 48.887466; 2.236662 (Tour Défense 2000)
137 (449)451974Residential [46]
30 Tour PleyelSaint-Denis
48°55′13″N 2°20′42″E / 48.920162°N 2.345109°E / 48.920162; 2.345109 (Tour Pleyel)
129 (423)371973Mixed-use Mixed-use office and residential building. Tallest building in Saint-Denis.[47]
31 Tour MicheletLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′18″N 2°14′43″E / 48.888218°N 2.24517°E / 48.888218; 2.24517 (Tour Michelet)
127 (417)341985Office [48]
32 Tour FranceLa Défense
Puteaux
48°52′59″N 2°14′51″E / 48.882969°N 2.247638°E / 48.882969; 2.247638 (Tour France)
126 (413)411973Residential [49]
33 Tour La VilletteAubervilliers
48°54′06″N 2°23′16″E / 48.901611°N 2.387708°E / 48.901611; 2.387708 (Tour La Villette)
125 (410)351973Office Tallest building in Aubervilliers. Formerly known as the Tour Daewoo, Tour Périphérique, and Tour Olympe.[50]
34 Tour Aurore La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′24″N 2°14′50″E / 48.890041°N 2.247343°E / 48.890041; 2.247343 (Tour Aurore)
124.5 (408) 35 1970[b] Office Originally built to a height of 100 m (328 ft) in 1970. Tour Aurore was slated for demolition to make way for the planned Tour Air2. After Tour Air2 was cancelled, the building was renovated. The renovation was completed in 2022, raising the building to its current height.[51][52]
35 Tour PréludeParis
19th arr.
48°53′23″N 2°22′23″E / 48.889721°N 2.372918°E / 48.889721; 2.372918 (Tour Prélude)
123 (404)391979Residential Part of the Orgues de Flandre residential complex.[53]
36 Tour Europlaza La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′30″N 2°14′42″E / 48.891697°N 2.244961°E / 48.891697; 2.244961 (Tour Europlaza)
122.7 (403) 31 1972 Office [54]
37 Tour PonantBagnolet
48°52′03″N 2°24′56″E / 48.867455°N 2.415544°E / 48.867455; 2.415544 (Tour Ponant)
122 (400)341975Office Tallest building in Bagnolet together with Tour Levant. One half of Les Mercuriales.[55]
38 Tour Levant Bagnolet
48°52′03″N 2°24′53″E / 48.867626°N 2.414846°E / 48.867626; 2.414846 (Tour Levant)
122 (400) 34 1977 Office Tallest building in Bagnolet together with Tour Ponant. One half of Les Mercuriales.[56]
39 Tour Duo 2 Paris
13th arr.
48°49′31″N 2°22′56″E / 48.825317°N 2.382113°E / 48.825317; 2.382113 (Tour Duo 2)
122 (400) 27 2021 Mixed-use Mixed-use office and hotel building.[57]
40 Tour W La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′21″N 2°14′20″E / 48.889236°N 2.238883°E / 48.889236; 2.238883 (Tour W)
121.7 (399) 35 1974 Office Formerly known as Tour Winterthur. It was later renamed to Tour W in 2013.[58][59] In 2019, French software development company Axway installed an illuminated sign atop the façade.[60]
41 Tour NeptuneLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′22″N 2°15′14″E / 48.889454°N 2.253978°E / 48.889454; 2.253978 (Tour Neptune)
117 (384)281975Office [61]
42 Tour Maestro—Saint-Denis
48°55′12″N 2°20′47″E / 48.919979°N 2.34625275°E / 48.919979; 2.34625275 (Tour Maestro)
117 (384)262025Office [62][63]
43 Pullman Paris Montparnasse HotelParis
14th arr.
48°50′18″N 2°19′15″E / 48.838337°N 2.320926°E / 48.838337; 2.320926 (Pullman Paris Montparnasse Hotel)
116 (381)311974Hotel Formerly known as the Paris-Sheraton Hotel, Hotel Montparnasse Park, and Le Méridien Montparnasse.[64]
44 Tour Franklin La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′20″N 2°14′26″E / 48.888962°N 2.240449°E / 48.888962; 2.240449 (Tour Franklin)
114.7 (376) 33 1972 Office [65]
45 Préfecture des Hauts-de-SeineLa Défense
Nanterre
48°53′50″N 2°12′57″E / 48.897282°N 2.21595°E / 48.897282; 2.21595 (Préfecture des Hauts-de-Seine)
113 (371)251974Office [66]
46 Tour Super-ItalieParis
13th arr.
48°49′18″N 2°21′34″E / 48.821793°N 2.359352°E / 48.821793; 2.359352 (Tour Super-Italie)
112 (367)381972Residential Also known as Immeuble Super-Italie.[67]
47 Tour Manhattan La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′23″N 2°14′54″E / 48.889805°N 2.24841°E / 48.889805; 2.24841 (Tour Manhattan)
111 (364) 32 1975 Office First tower in La Défense not to have a rectangular shape.[68]
48 Grande ArcheLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′33″N 2°14′09″E / 48.892563°N 2.235814°E / 48.892563; 2.235814 (Grande Arche)
111 (364)351989Office The Grande Arche also serves as a monument to humanity and humanitarian ideals. The cube-shaped structure is one of the most recognizable landmarks in La Défense.[69]
49 Tour Europe — La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′27″N 2°14′45″E / 48.890896°N 2.245883°E / 48.890896; 2.245883 (Tour Europe)
110 (361) 28 1969 Office Also known as CB14. Tallest building in the Paris region briefly from 1969 to 1970.[70]
50 Tour CGILa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′25″N 2°14′50″E / 48.890411°N 2.247106°E / 48.890411; 2.247106 (Tour CGI)
110 (361)321971Office Formerly known as Tour Logica (Logica Tower) and CB16 Tower. The building was renovated in 2003.[71]
51 Tour EveLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′16″N 2°14′30″E / 48.887794°N 2.241576°E / 48.887794; 2.241576 (Tour Eve)
109 (358)301974Mixed-use Mixed-use residential and office building.[72]
52 Tour Fugue—Paris
19th arr.
48°53′25″N 2°22′27″E / 48.890255°N 2.374265°E / 48.890255; 2.374265 (Tour Fugue)
108 (354)351972Residential Part of the Orgues de Flandre residential complex.[73]
53 Tour AtlantiqueLa Défense
Puteaux
48°53′22″N 2°14′31″E / 48.889553°N 2.242048°E / 48.889553; 2.242048 (Tour Atlantique)
106 (348)271970Office [74]
54 Opus 12 Tower La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′23″N 2°14′34″E / 48.8896791°N 2.242659°E / 48.8896791; 2.242659 (Opus 12 Tower)
106 (348) 25 1973 Office Formerly known as Tour du Crédit Lyonnais and also known as PB12. Renovated by Bouygues from 2002 to 2004.[75]
55 Tour Initiale La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′13″N 2°15′05″E / 48.887005°N 2.251436°E / 48.887005; 2.251436 (Tour Initiale)
105 (344) 30 1966 Office Tallest building in the Paris region from 1966 to 1969.[76]
56 Tour Nuage 1La Défense
Nanterre
48°53′25″N 2°13′38″E / 48.89035°N 2.227317°E / 48.89035; 2.227317 (Tour Nuage 1)
105 (344)371977Residential Part of the Tours Aillaud.[77][78]
57 Tour Nuage 2La Défense
Nanterre
48°53′20″N 2°13′40″E / 48.888866°N 2.227832°E / 48.888866; 2.227832 (Tour Nuage 2)
105 (344)371977Residential Part of the Tours Aillaud.[77][79]
58 Tour Sequoia La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′38″N 2°14′25″E / 48.893955°N 2.240181°E / 48.893955; 2.240181 (Tour Sequoia)
105 (344) 33 1990 Office Also known as Tour Esplanade, Tour SFR, Tour Cegetel, and Tour Bull.[80]
59 Tour Antoine et Cléopâtre—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′45″N 2°21′26″E / 48.82914°N 2.357109°E / 48.82914; 2.357109 (Tour Antoine et Cléopâtre)
104 (341)381970Residential Part of Italie 13.[81]
60 Tour Cortina—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′28″N 2°21′52″E / 48.824409°N 2.364362°E / 48.824409; 2.364362 (Tour Cortina)
104 (341)341970Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[82]
61 Tour Athènes—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′34″N 2°21′49″E / 48.826031°N 2.363745°E / 48.826031; 2.363745 (Tour Athènes)
104 (341)361972Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[83]
62 Tour Mexico—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′33″N 2°21′52″E / 48.825817°N 2.364378°E / 48.825817; 2.364378 (Tour Mexico)
104 (341)361972Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[84]
63 Tour Sapporo — Paris
13th arr.
48°49′35″N 2°21′52″E / 48.82637°N 2.364432°E / 48.82637; 2.364432 (Tour Sapporo)
104 (341) 36 1972 Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[85]
64 Tour Helsinki—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′29″N 2°21′49″E / 48.824673°N 2.363686°E / 48.824673; 2.363686 (Tour Helsinki)
104 (341)371974Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[86]
65 Tour Gambetta—La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′38″N 2°14′35″E / 48.89397°N 2.243099°E / 48.89397; 2.243099 (Tour Gambetta)
104 (341)371975Residential [87]
66 Tour Giralda — Paris
13th arr.
48°51′33″N 2°24′28″E / 48.859295°N 2.407846°E / 48.859295; 2.407846 (Tour Giralda)
104 (341) 33 1975[c] Residential Also known as 78 Rue de Vitruve.[88][89]
67 Tour Anvers—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′29″N 2°21′59″E / 48.824673°N 2.366256°E / 48.824673; 2.366256 (Tour Anvers)
104 (341)361976Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[90]
68 Tour Londres — Paris
13th arr.
48°49′30″N 2°21′59″E / 48.82513°N 2.366449°E / 48.82513; 2.366449 (Tour Londres)
104 (341) 36 1976 Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[91]
69 Tour Tokyo—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′23″N 2°22′02″E / 48.823074°N 2.367275°E / 48.823074; 2.367275 (Tour Tokyo)
104 (341)361976Residential Part of Les Olympiades.[92]
70 Tour Chéops—Paris
13th arr.
48°50′00″N 2°21′58″E / 48.833294°N 2.366207°E / 48.833294; 2.366207 (Tour Chéops)
103 (338)351974Residential Part of Italie 13.[93]
71 Tour Mykérinos — Paris
13th arr.
48°50′01″N 2°22′01″E / 48.833485°N 2.367012°E / 48.833485; 2.367012 (Tour Mykérinos)
103 (338) 31 1974 Residential Part of Italie 13. Also known as Menkaure.[94]
72 Tour Emblem La Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′45″N 2°14′16″E / 48.895821°N 2.237735°E / 48.895821; 2.237735 (Tour Emblem)
103 (338) 26 1998 Office Formerly known as Tour Cegetel and Tour Cedre. Renovated from 2020 to 2021.[95]
73 L'archipel La Défense
Nanterre
48°53′50″N 2°13′35″E / 48.897350°N 2.2263076°E / 48.897350; 2.2263076 (L'archipel)
102.5 (336) 24 2022 Office Also known as 1973 Boulevard de la Défense and The Groues. Headquarters of French concessions and construction company Vinci.[96]
74 Tour Ferrare—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′16″N 2°21′59″E / 48.821117°N 2.366368°E / 48.821117; 2.366368 (Tour Ferrare)
102 (335)351970Residential Part of Italie 13.[97]
75 Tour Palerme—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′11″N 2°21′45″E / 48.819675°N 2.362458°E / 48.819675; 2.362458 (Tour Palerme)
102 (335)351970Residential Part of Italie 13.[98]
76 Tour Ravenne—Paris
13th arr.
48°49′13″N 2°21′50″E / 48.820194°N 2.363997°E / 48.820194; 2.363997 (Tour Ravenne)
102 (335)351970Residential Part of Italie 13.[99]
77 Tour Ancône — Paris
13th arr.
48°49′18″N 2°22′06″E / 48.821625°N 2.368283°E / 48.821625; 2.368283 (Tour Ancône)
102 (335) 35 1975 Residential Part of Italie 13.[100]
78 Tour Bologne — Paris
13th arr.
48°49′19″N 2°22′04″E / 48.821854°N 2.367709°E / 48.821854; 2.367709 (Tour Bologne)
102 (335) 35 1975 Residential Part of Italie 13.[101]
79 Tour Cantate—Paris
19th arr.
48°53′25″N 2°22′23″E / 48.890167°N 2.373058°E / 48.890167; 2.373058 (Tour Cantate)
101 (331)301979Residential Part of the Orgues de Flandre residential complex.[102]
80 Tour Landscape — La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′24″N 2°14′08″E / 48.889885°N 2.235417°E / 48.889885; 2.235417 (Tour Landscape)
101 (331) 28 1983[d] Office Formerly known as Tour Pascal B. Originally built to a height of 95 m (312 ft) in 1983. In 2020, the building was renovated and given a height increase to 101 m (331 ft).[103]
81 Tour BlancheLa Défense
Courbevoie
48°53′26″N 2°14′46″E / 48.890575°N 2.246114°E / 48.890575; 2.246114 (Tour Blanche)
100 (328)271967Office Formerly known as CB15, Tour Aquitaine, Tour AIG, and Tour Chartis. Partially renovated in 2004, it underwent further renovations from 2012 to 2014, after which it was renamed Tour Blanche..[104]
82 Tour Panorama — Paris
15th arr.
48°50′54″N 2°17′04″E / 48.84837°N 2.28448°E / 48.84837; 2.28448 (Tour Panorama)
100 (328) 31 1974 Residential [105]
83 Tour TotemParis
15th arr.
48°51′01″N 2°17′02″E / 48.850166°N 2.283804°E / 48.850166; 2.283804 (Tour Totem)
100 (328)311979Residential Part of Front de Seine.[106]
84 Tour Allianz One — La Défense
Puteaux
48°53′15″N 2°14′57″E / 48.887535°N 2.249258°E / 48.887535; 2.249258 (Tour Allianz One)
100 (328) 22 1984 Office Formerly known as Tour AGF-Athena, Tour PFA, or Tour Athena.[107]
85 Tour Sequana Issy-les-Moulineaux
48°50′01″N 2°16′08″E / 48.833748°N 2.268988°E / 48.833748; 2.268988 (Tour Sequana)
100 (328) 24 2010 Office Tallest building in Issy-les-Moulineaux, and part of the Val de Seine business district. Also known as Tour Mozart.[108]

Tallest under construction or proposed

The Authority managing La Défense, the EPAD, has launched several contests for new towers in a large scale operation of renovation of the business district. Other proposed projects are currently being talked about in other municipalities of the inner suburbs such as Issy-les-Moulineaux, Boulogne-Billancourt or Saint-Denis.

Under construction

The following table includes buildings under construction in the Paris region that are planned to be at least 100 m (328 ft) tall as of 2026, based on standard height measurement. The “Year” column indicates the expected year of completion. Buildings that are on hold are not included.

Name Image Location Height
m (ft)
Floors Year Purpose Notes
Tour Triangle Paris
15th arr.
181.4 (595) 42 2027 Office [109]

Proposed

The following table includes approved and proposed buildings in the Paris region that are expected to be at least 100 (328 ft) tall as of 2026, based on standard height measurement. The “Year” column indicates the expected year of completion. A dash “–“ indicates information about the building’s height, floor count, or year of completion is unknown or has not been released.

Name Location Height
m (ft)
Floors Purpose Status Notes
Tours Sisters Tour 1 La Défense
Courbevoie
229 (751) 55 Office Approved (On Hold) [110][111]
Tour de Charenton Charenton-le-Pont 210 (689) – Mixed-use Proposed Mixed-use residential and hotel building.[112]
Tour des Jardins de l'Arche La Défense
Nanterre
206 (676) 53 Mixed-use Approved Mixed-use office and hotel building.[113]
Odyssey - Tour C La Défense
Courbevoie
187 (614) 47 Office Approved [114]
Odyssey - Tour O La Défense
Courbevoie
178.2 (585) 38 Mixed-use Approved Mixed-use office and hotel building.[115]
Tours Sisters Tour 2 La Défense
Courbevoie
131 (430) – Hotel Approved (On Hold) [111]
Les Lumières Pleyel - Lot R3 Saint-Denis 120 (394) 42 Mixed-use Proposed [116]
Odyssey - Tour D La Défense
Courbevoie
102.4 (336) 24 Mixed-use Approved Mixed-use office and residential building.[117]

Timeline of tallest buildings

This lists buildings that once held the title of the tallest building in the Paris region. This excludes structures such as the Eiffel Tower, which has been the tallest structure in the region since its completion.

Name Image Years as tallest Height
m (ft)
Floors Notes
Tour Albert 1960–1966 67 (220) 23 [2][118]
Tour Initiale 1966–1969 105 (344) 30 [76]
Tour Europe — 1969–1970 110 (361) 28 [70]
Tour Les Poissons 1970–1973 150 (492) 42 [40]
Tour Montparnasse 1973–2011 210 (689) 58 [14]
Tour First 2011–2025 231 (758) 56 [11]
The Link 2025–present 242 (794) 52 [9]

Notes

  1. ↑ This building's height was later increased to its current height in 2011.
  2. ↑ This building's height was later increased to its current height in 2022.
  3. ↑ The exact year of construction of the Tour Giralda is uncertain. It is known to be during the 1970s.
  4. ↑ This building's height was later increased to its current height in 2020.

See also

References

  • Schaugg, Johannes: High-Rise Buildings: Paris, Books on Demand, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-8893-9.
  1. ↑ Shaw, Marybeth (1991). Promoting an urban vision--Le Corbusier and the Plan Voisin (Thesis thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/36421.
  2. 1 2 ADC, Stagiaire (2026-04-03). "Tour Albert, the first residential skyscraper in Paris". Architecture de Collection. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  3. ↑ "Archiweb - Tour Croulebarbe". www.archiweb.cz. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  4. ↑ "Does Paris need new skyscrapers?". BBC News. 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  5. ↑ "'Non' to high-rise living: Why Paris has imposed a ban on skyscrapers". Firstpost. 2023-06-16. Archived from the original on 2026-01-28. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  6. ↑ "Paris has re-banned tall buildings - but what's behind it?". euronews. 2023-06-14. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  7. ↑ Avery, Dan (2023-06-22). "Paris's Only Skyscraper Turns 50–And the French Still Hate It". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  8. ↑ "Eiffel Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  9. 1 2 "The Link - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  10. ↑ "Tour AXA - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  11. 1 2 "Tour First - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  12. ↑ "HEKLA - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  13. ↑ "Hines | A ground-breaking vision for the high-rise of the future". Discover France & Spain. 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
  14. 1 2 "Tour Montparnasse - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  15. ↑ Laurenson, John (18 June 2013). "Does Paris need new skyscrapers?". BBC News. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  16. ↑ "Will Parisians embrace the city's first skyscraper since 1973?". Financial Times. 24 March 2016.
  17. ↑ Chaudhary, Isha (2026-02-27). "Paris's Most Controversial Skyscraper, "Tour Montparnasse," Gets a Renovation". Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  18. ↑ Dogan, Reyyan (2026-03-06). "Paris' Tour Montparnasse Observatory to Close in March 2026 as Redevelopment Plans Move Forward". ArchDaily. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  19. ↑ "Tour Majunga - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  20. ↑ "Tour T1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  21. ↑ "Tour Granite - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  22. ↑ "Tour Saint-Gobain - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  23. ↑ "Tours DUO 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  24. ↑ "Tour Total Coupole - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  25. ↑ "Tour Areva - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  26. ↑ "D2 | Paris La Défense". www.parisladefense.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  27. ↑ "D2 Tower - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  28. ↑ "Tour Alicante - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  29. ↑ "Tour Chassagne - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  30. ↑ "Tour Gan - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  31. ↑ "Tour Carpe Diem - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  32. ↑ "Tour Carpe Diem". inside.chateauform.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  33. ↑ "Coeur Defense - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  34. ↑ "Tour ALTO - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  35. ↑ "Tribunal de Paris - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  36. ↑ "Trinity - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  37. ↑ "Tour Ariane - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  38. ↑ "Tour Egee - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  39. ↑ "Tour Adria - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  40. 1 2 "Les Poissons - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  41. ↑ "Legende - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  42. ↑ "Tour Dexia - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  43. ↑ "Tour Descartes - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  44. ↑ "Hotel Concorde Lafayette - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  45. ↑ "Hyatt Hotels Corporation - Investor Relations". investors.hyatt.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  46. ↑ "Defense 2000 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  47. ↑ "Tour Pleyel - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  48. ↑ "Tour Michelet - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  49. ↑ "Tour France - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  50. ↑ "Tour la Villette - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  51. ↑ "Tour Aurore - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  52. ↑ "Tour Aurore Renovation - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  53. ↑ "Tour Prelude - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  54. ↑ "Tour Europlaza - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  55. ↑ "Tour Ponant - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  56. ↑ "Tour Levant - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  57. ↑ "Tours DUO 2 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  58. ↑ "Tour W". pss-archi.eu (in French). Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  59. ↑ "Tour Winterthur - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  60. ↑ "Axway signe la tour W d'une grande enseigne". defense-92.fr (in French). July 8, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  61. ↑ "Tour Neptune - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  62. ↑ "BUREAUX AVEC SERVICES À LA CLEF - Paris Pleyel" (PDF). Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  63. ↑ Tenfour, Sarah (2024-07-23). "Paris Pleyel : le H4 Hotel Wyndham et son centre de conférences ont ouvert leurs portes". Agence Treize Cent Treize (in French). Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  64. ↑ "Hotel Meridien Montparnasse - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  65. ↑ "Tour Franklin - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  66. ↑ "Prefecture des Hauts de Seine - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  67. ↑ "Tour Super-Italie - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  68. ↑ "Tour Manhattan - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  69. ↑ "La Grande Arche - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  70. 1 2 "Tour Europe - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  71. ↑ "Tour Logica - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  72. ↑ "Tour Eve - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  73. ↑ "Tour Fugue - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  74. ↑ "Tour Atlantique - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  75. ↑ "Opus 12 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  76. 1 2 "Tour Initiale - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  77. 1 2 "Say Hi To | The Aillaud Towers, located in Nanterre, France, are a distinctive group of residential high-rise buildings designed by architect Émile Aillaud. Completed in the early 1970s, the towers are notable for their colorful, abstract façade designs and unique cylindrical shapes". sayhito-atlas.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  78. ↑ "Tour Nuages 1 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  79. ↑ "Tour Nuages 2 - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  80. ↑ "Tour Esplanade - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  81. ↑ "Résidence Antoine et Cléopâtre, Paris - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  82. ↑ "Tour Cortina - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  83. ↑ "Tour Athènes - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  84. ↑ "Tour Mexico - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  85. ↑ "Tour Sapporo - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  86. ↑ "Tour Helsinki - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  87. ↑ "Tour Gambetta - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  88. ↑ "Tour Giralda". SKYDB. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  89. ↑ "PSS / Complexe Square Vitruve - Tour Giralda (Paris, France)". www.pss-archi.eu. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  90. ↑ "Tour Anvers - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  91. ↑ "Tour Londres - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  92. ↑ "Tour Tokyo - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  93. ↑ "Tour Chéops - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  94. ↑ "Tour Mykérinos - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  95. ↑ "Tour Cedre - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  96. ↑ "1973 Boulevard de la Défense - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  97. ↑ "Tour Ferrare - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  98. ↑ "Tour Palerme - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  99. ↑ "Tour Ravenne - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  100. ↑ "Tour Ancône - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  101. ↑ "Tour Bologne - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  102. ↑ "Tour Cantate - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  103. ↑ "PSS / Tour Pascal B (Puteaux, France)". www.pss-archi.eu. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  104. ↑ "Tour Blanche - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  105. ↑ "Tour Panorama - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  106. ↑ "Tour Totem - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  107. ↑ "Tour AGF-Athena - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-14.
  108. ↑ "Sequana Tower - Bouygues Telcom - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  109. ↑ "Tour Triangle - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  110. ↑ "Tour Sisters Office - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  111. 1 2 Livois, David (2025-12-17). "La Défense : pourquoi l'ombre des tours Sisters continue de planer sur un quartier de Courbevoie et ses riverains". Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  112. ↑ "Tour Charenton - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  113. ↑ Santos, Sabrina (2017-01-22). "Tour des Jardins de l'Arche / Ateliers 2/3/4/". ArchDaily. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  114. ↑ "Odyssey Building C/ - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  115. ↑ "Odyssey Building O/ - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  116. ↑ "Les Lumières Pleyel". www.snohetta.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  117. ↑ "Odyssey Building D/ - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.
  118. ↑ "Tour Albert - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2026-06-15.