List of people executed in Oregon

The following is a list of people executed in the U.S. state of Oregon.[1]

1859–1904

Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Danford Balch White 47 October 17, 1859 Multnomah Murder Mortimer Stump, white (son-in-law)[2] John Whiteaker
Matthew Moss White March 20, 1860 Polk Murder George Harper, white[3]
Philip George White June 22, 1860 Benton Murder John Clark, white[4]
Andrew Pate White May 27, 1862 Linn Murder George Lamb, white[5][a]
Zebulon Griffith White June 9, 1863 Yamhill Murder Franklin D. B. Shane, white[6] A. C. Gibbs
George Beale White May 17, 1865 Marion Murder-Burglary Daniel Delaney, white[7]
George Baker White
William Cain White August 3, 1865 Grant Murder Andrew Watson, white[8]
Thomas Smith White May 10, 1866 Linn Murder Sidney and Barbara Smith, white (brother and sister-in-law)[9]
Black Jim Native American January 3, 1873 Klamath (Federal) Murder Gen. E. R. S. Canby and Rev. Eleazar Thomas, white[10] La Fayette Grover
Schonchin John Native American
Kintpuash Native American
Boston Charley Native American
William Kay Neil White January 26, 1877 Linn Murder Seth W. Hayes, white[11][b]
Sevier Lewis White 52 August 30, 1878 Coos Murder Z. T. Lewis, white (half-brother)[12] Stephen F. Chadwick
White Owl Native American 35 January 10, 1879 Umatilla Murder George Coggan, white (Indian Agent)[13][14] W. W. Thayer
Quit-It-Tumps Native American
Aps Native American 30 January 18, 1879
James Cook[c] White February 7, 1879 Wasco Murder George Craig, white (cellmate)[15]
Eugene Avery White 25 March 14, 1879 Multnomah Murder-Robbery Walter O'Shea, white[16]
James Johnson[c] White 25
Kat-Koo-At Native American May 5, 1879 Multnomah (Federal)[d] Murder Thomas J. Brown, white[17]
Ah Lee Asian April 20, 1880 Multnomah Murder Chin Sue Ying, Asian[18]
Arthur Murphy White 31 January 5, 1881 Umatilla Murder T. D. French, white[19]
Kat-At-Cha Native American March 28, 1882 Multnomah (Federal)[e] Murder [20]
Charles Rogers White January 28, 1885 Multnomah Murder Male, white (warden)[21][f] Zenas Ferry Moody
J. W. Murray White February 13, 1885 Multnomah Murder Alfred Jenke, white[22]
Joseph Drake Black March 20, 1885 Marion Murder David Swartz, white[23]
Louis O'Neil White March 12, 1886 Jackson Murder Lewis McDaniel, white (girlfriend's husband)[24]
Richard Marple White 27 November 11, 1887 Yamhill Murder-Burglary D. J. Corker, white[25] Sylvester Pennoyer
William Landreth White 60 July 6, 1888 Polk Murder Female, 16, white (stepdaughter)[26]
Patrick McGinnis White April 26, 1889 Grant Murder Robert Lockwood, white (jailer)[27]
Che Gong Asian August 9, 1889 Multnomah Murder Lee Yick, Asian[28]
Peter Sullivan White November 15, 1889 Grant Murder John Bronkee, white[29]
John Gilman White December 13, 1889 Coos Murder Chris Eationhover, white[30]
Pellico Native American June 5, 1890 Multnomah (Federal)[g] Murder-Rape Female, elderly, mixed[31][32][h]
Ming How Asian January 8, 1892 Grant Murder Ah Foo, Asian[33]
Fred Zorn White August 19, 1892 Umatilla Murder His wife and her elderly mother, white[34]
John Reiter White 21 December 1, 1893 Clatsop Murder-Robbery Victor Snellman, white[35]
John Hansen White 55 May 18, 1894 Clatsop Murder-Robbery Caroline Hansen, white (wife)[36]
Lloyd Montgomery White 18 January 31, 1896 Linn Murder Three people, white[37][i] William Paine Lord
Carl Albrecht White June 26, 1896 Coos Murder Female, white (wife)[38]
Lemuel W. Melson White 42 July 2, 1897 Josephine Murder Charles Perry, 50, white[39][40]
Kelsay Porter White 47 November 20, 1897 Union Murder Benjamin Mache, white[41][j]
Augustus Wachlin White 24 February 4, 1898 Washington Murder-Burglary John Lederock, white[42]
Charles Frester White June 11, 1898 Josephine Murder Female, white (wife)[43][44]
Claude Branton White May 12, 1899 Lane Murder-Robbery John A. Linn, white[45] Theodore Thurston Geer
William Magers White 26 February 2, 1900 Polk Murder-Robbery Raymond Sink, white[46]
Coleman Gillespie White 20 October 5, 1900 Curry Murder-Burglary Christina Edson, elderly, white[47]
B. H. Dalton White 23 January 31, 1902 Multnomah Murder-Robbery James B. Morrow, 20, white[48]
Joseph Wade White 20
August Schieve White July 2, 1902 Columbia Murder Joseph Schulkowski, white[49]
E. L. Belding White March 27, 1903 Multnomah Murder Three people, white[50][k] George Earle Chamberlain
Elliott Lyons White 35 April 17, 1903 Lane Murder W. W. Withers, white (sheriff)[51]
George Smith Black June 5, 1903 Multnomah Murder Annie Smith, white (wife)[52]
Pleasant Armstrong White January 22, 1904 Baker Murder Minnie Ensminger, white (ex-girlfriend)[53]

1904–1962

In February 1903, Oregon began transitioning hangings away from local prisons and into the state penitentiary in Salem.[54] From 1914 to 1920, the state abolished capital punishment.[55] In May 1937, the state announced its plans to replace hanging with gas asphyxiation, with the state penitentiary's new gas chamber arriving via rail shipment and installed that December.[56][57] On November 2, 1964, the state voted again to abolish capital punishment.[58][59]

Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Harry D. Egbert White 27 January 29, 1904 Harney Murder Jack Saxton, white (deputy sheriff)[60] George Earle Chamberlain
Frank Guglielmo White 23 May 5, 1905 Multnomah Murder Freda Garacia, 15, white (girlfriend)[61]
George W. Lauth White 25 July 13, 1905 Clackamas Murder Leonora B. Jones, white (girlfriend)[62]
Norman Williams White 55 July 21, 1905[l] Wasco Murder Louisa and Alma Nesbitt, 24 (Alma), white (mother-in-law and wife)[63]
John C. Barnes White September 18, 1906 Douglas Murder-Robbery William Graham, white[64]
Fred A. Shepherd White 23 November 30, 1906 Crook Murder-Burglary Ben F. Zell, white[65]
Henry Hose White 32 December 21, 1906 Multnomah Murder Madge Doyle, 17, white (girlfriend)[66]
Holliver Megorden White June 28, 1907 Malheur Murder Mary Megorden, white (wife)[67]
Walter M. Johnson White 28 February 5, 1909 Washington Murder-Robbery Elmer Perdue, white[68]
C. Y. Timmons White 37 February 26, 1909 Marion Murder Stella Timmons, white (wife)[69]
Adolph N. Nordstrom White 28 June 18, 1909 Tillamook Murder-Burglary John Peterson, 55, white[70] Frank W. Benson
Joseph Anderson White July 2, 1909 Multnomah Murder-Robbery Harry Logan, white[71]
Matthias Jancigaj White 28 October 22, 1909 Clackamas Murder Mary Schmerker, 16, white (ex-girlfriend)[72]
James Finch White November 12, 1909 Multnomah Murder Ralph Fisher, white[73]
John D. Roselair White 47 September 8, 1910 Washington Murder Lizette Dombrower, 23, white (wife)[74] Jay Bowerman
Isaac Newton Harrell White 48 September 9, 1910 Lake Murder Walter Newell, 22, white[75][m]
H. E. Roberts White December 13, 1912 Multnomah Murder Don M. Stewart and George Hastings, white[76] Oswald West
Mike Morgan White Josephine Murder-Robbery John E. York, elderly, white[77]
Frank Garrison White Coos Murder Roy Perkins, white[78]
Noble Faulder White Klamath Murder Louis Gebhardt, white[79]
George Humphrey White March 22, 1913 Benton Murder-Robbery Eliza Griffith, 53, white (George's love interest)[80][n]
Charles Humphrey White
Frank Seymour Mixed[o] 17 October 31, 1913 Jackson Murder George Dedaskalous, white[81][82][83][p]
Mike Spanos White 22
Oswald C. Hansel White 55 November 17, 1913 Clatsop Murder Frank Taylor, white (judge)[84]
Emmett Bancroft Mixed[q] November 5, 1920 Umatilla Murder Til Taylor, white (sheriff)[85][86][87][88] Ben W. Olcott
John L. Rathie White 24 July 7, 1922
Elvie D. Kirby White 25
George Howard White 25 September 8, 1922 Malheur Murder-Robbery George R. Sweeney, white[89][90]
Husted Walters White 23 March 9, 1923 Multnomah Murder Jerome Palmer, white (night police officer)[91] Walter M. Pierce
Dan Casey White August 24, 1923 Multnomah Murder-Robbery J. H. Phillips, 52, white (Oregon-Washington Railroad agent)[92]
George Parker White 32 January 4, 1924 Linn Murder W. J. Dunlap, white (sheriff)[93]
L. W. Peare White 70 May 22, 1925 Coos Murder His wife and James Culver, white[94]
Arthur Covell White 47 Murder Ebba Covell, white (nephew's stepmother)[95][96]
W. R. Lloyd White 27 November 30, 1925 Polk Murder-Robbery Clinton F. Baun, 34, white[97]
Archie Cody White 44 April 16, 1926 Malheur Murder Austin Goodman, white (Harney County sheriff)[98]
Albert Brownlee White 27 May 17, 1927 Lane Murder Eston Hooker, 22, white (posse member)[99][r] I. L. Patterson
John Butchek White 45 June 10, 1927 Multnomah Murder Elizabeth Butchek, white (wife)[100]
James Willos White April 20, 1928 Marion Murder Three males, white (guards)[101][s]
Ellsworth Kelley White
James E. Kingsley White 25 January 30, 1931 Jackson Murder Sam Prescott, white (police officer)[102] Julius Meier
Leroy Hershel McCarthy White 26 June 20, 1939 Multnomah Murder-Robbery Floyd Fuelner, 30, white[103] Charles A. Sprague
Claude Edward Cline White 46 July 26, 1940 Wheeler Murder-Robbery George Chetty, 35, white[104][105][t]
James Harvey Thomas White 19 January 30, 1941 Gillam Murder-Robbery Robert Smith, 26, white[106]
John Anthony Soto Hispanic 17 March 20, 1942 Umatilla Murder-Burglary Three people, white[107][u]
William E. Wallace White 54 February 26, 1943 Multnomah Murder Benjamin H. Finkell, white[108] Earl Snell
Harvey Cunningham Black 38 March 6, 1944 Multnomah Murder Richard Kerr, 36, white[109]
Richard Harry Layton White 36 December 8, 1944 Polk Murder-Rape Ruth Hildebrand, 17, white[110]
Robert E. Lee Folkes Black 24 January 5, 1945 Linn Murder-Rape Martha Virginia James, 22, white[111]
Walter Higgins White 35 January 15, 1945 Clackamas Murder-Robbery Ralph Dahlen, 27, white[112][113]
Henry William Merten White 32
Andrew W. Dennis White 45 February 2, 1946 Multnomah Murder Anna Belle McNallen, white[114]
Kenneth William Bailey White 27 September 13, 1946 Malheur Murder Sgt. Theodore R. Chambers, white (state police officer)[115][116]
Wardell H. Henderson Black 27 January 23, 1948 Multnomah Murder-Robbery Walter Poole, white[117] John Hubert Hall
Wayne Leroy Long White 26 August 8, 1952 Clackamas Murder-Robbery Walter L. Rucker, white[118] Douglas McKay
Frank Oliver Payne White 52 January 9, 1953 Multnomah Murder-Robbery H. Nathan Butler, white[119] Paul L. Patterson
Morris Leland White 22 Murder-Rape-Kidnap Thelma Taylor, 15, white[120][v]
Albert William Karnes White 24 January 30, 1953 Marion Murder-Burglary Susan Litchfield, 81, white[121]
Leroy Sanford McGahuey White 41 August 20, 1962 Jackson Murder Loris and Rod Cameron Holt, 32 and infant, white (fiancée and her son)[122][w] Mark Hatfield

1978–present

In 1978, Oregon restored capital punishment, with new statutes going into effect that December 6th.[123] On January 20, 1981, these laws were declared unconstitutional by the Oregon Supreme Court, but in November 1984 a new capital punishment statute was approved.[124][125] Following this, only two prisoners were executed (both by lethal injection), and capital punishment in Oregon has subsequently been under a moratorium since 2011.

Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Douglas Franklin Wright White 56 September 6, 1996 Marion Murder Three people, white[x] John Kitzhaber
Harry Charles Moore White 56 May 16, 1997 Wasco Murder Thomas Lauri and Barbara Cunningham, 60 and 49, white

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Serial killer, murdered two other people.
  2. ↑ Accused of other murders as well, but denied all charges.
  3. 1 2 Real name unknown.
  4. ↑ Crime committed in Sitka, Alaska.
  5. ↑ Crime committed in Alaska.
  6. ↑ Both wardens at a state penitentiary.
  7. ↑ Crime committed in the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
  8. ↑ "Halfbreed".
  9. ↑ His parents John and Elizabeth Montgomery and a "hired man", Daniel B. McKerchner.
  10. ↑ Also killed his wife Mary and their 17-year-old son Benjamin Jr.
  11. ↑ His wife, mother-in-law, and George Woodruff.
  12. ↑ Last public execution in Oregon.
  13. ↑ Also murdered Walter's 24-year-old brother Herbert.
  14. ↑ George was a suspected serial killer, reportedly having also murdered his stepfather in 1900, a neighboring farmer in 1908, as well as attempting to murder a rancher in 1910.
  15. ↑ "Halfbreed Mexican".
  16. ↑ Also suspected in the murder of Albany hide dealer Nathan Rogoway.
  17. ↑ "Indian half-breed".
  18. ↑ Wanted for the murder of William Middaugh at time of crime.
  19. ↑ J. M. Holman, J. L. Sweeney, and Lute Savage. Murdered during an escape attempt from the state penitentiary.
  20. ↑ Also previously murdered Eugene Rosenstiel in 1939 and revealed the crime after his arrest.
  21. ↑ Cora Tobin, her son Kenneth L. Gorsuch, and her nephew Marvin Adams.
  22. ↑ Serial rapist, abducted and raped multiple women in Portland from 1942 to 1944.
  23. ↑ Suspected serial killer, thought to have murdered Mineral, Washington schoolteacher Eleanor Bolinger in 1957; McGahuey admitted that he may have done so but was intoxicated at the time and could not remember.
  24. ↑ Anthony Barker (27), William Marks (23), and William Davis (37). Known to have committed four other murders, receiving 35 year sentences for two of them.

Sources

  1. ↑ "Executions in Oregon - 1815-1962 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved 2026-06-06.
  2. ↑ Danford Balch, 1859 October 17
  3. ↑ Matthew Moss, OR, 1860 March 20
  4. ↑ Philip George, 1860 June 22
  5. ↑ Andrew Pate, OR, 1862 May 27
  6. ↑ Zebulon Griffith, 1863 June 9
  7. ↑ George Baker, OR, 1865 May 17
  8. ↑ William Cain, 1865 August 3
  9. ↑ Thomas Smith, OR, 1866 May 10
  10. ↑ Jim Black, Kintpuash, John Schonchin, Charley Boston, 1873 October 3
  11. ↑ William Kay Neil, OR, 1877 January 26
  12. ↑ Sevier Lewis, 1878 August 30
  13. ↑ White Owl, Quit-It-Tumps, 1879 January 10
  14. ↑ Aps, 1879 January 18
  15. ↑ James Cook, OR, 1879 February 7
  16. ↑ Eugene Avery, James Johnson, 1879 March 14
  17. ↑ Koo Kat, 1879 May 5
  18. ↑ Lee Ah, 1880 April 20
  19. ↑ Arthur Murphy, 1881 January 5
  20. ↑ Kat-At-Cha, OR, 1882 March 28
  21. ↑ Charles Rogers, OR, 1885 January 28
  22. ↑ J. W. Murray, OR, 1885 February 13
  23. ↑ Joseph Drake, 1885 March 20
  24. ↑ Louis O'Neil, OR, 1886 March 12
  25. ↑ Richard Marple, 1887 November 11
  26. ↑ William Landreth, OR, 1888 July 6
  27. ↑ Patrick McGinnis, 1889 April 26
  28. ↑ Gong Chee, 1889 August 9
  29. ↑ Peter Sullivan, 1889 November 15
  30. ↑ John Gilman, 1889 December 13
  31. ↑ Pellico, OR, 1890 June 5
  32. ↑ "An Indian Hanged". The Evening News. June 6, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved June 5, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ↑ How Ming, 1892 January 8
  34. ↑ Fred Zorn, 1892 August 19
  35. ↑ John Reiter, 1893 December 1
  36. ↑ John Hansen, 1894 May 18
  37. ↑ Lloyd Montgomery, 1896 January 31
  38. ↑ Carl Albrecht, OR, 1896 June 26
  39. ↑ Lemuel W. Melson, OR, 1897 July 2
  40. ↑ "Died on the Gallows". The Morning Herald. July 3, 1897. p. 10. Retrieved June 5, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ↑ Kelsay Porter, 1897 November 20
  42. ↑ Augustus Wachlin, OR, 1898 February 4
  43. ↑ Charles Frester, OR, 1898 June 11
  44. ↑ "Hanged While Unconscious". Lewiston Daily Tribune. June 11, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved June 5, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ↑ Claude Branton, 1899 May 12
  46. ↑ William Magers, 1900 February 2
  47. ↑ Coleman Gillespie, 1900 October 5
  48. ↑ Joseph Wade, B. H. Dalton, 1902 January 31
  49. ↑ August Schieve, OR, 1902 July 2
  50. ↑ E. Belding, OR, 1903 March 27
  51. ↑ Elliott Lyons, 1903 April 17
  52. ↑ George Smith, 1903 June 5
  53. ↑ Pleasant Armstrong, 1904 January 22
  54. ↑ "Oregon Notes". The Basin Progress. February 21, 1903. p. 51. Retrieved May 22, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  55. ↑ Thompson, Bruce E. R. (2009-06-25). Capital Punishment. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-0-7377-4633-4.
  56. ↑ "Lethal Gas Chamber to Be Started Next Month". The Bulletin. May 12, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved May 22, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  57. ↑ "Death Chamber To Be Installed". The Bulletin. December 15, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved May 22, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ↑ "'Death Row' Gives Up 3 Oregon Prisoners". Eugene Register-Guard. November 6, 1964. p. 2. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ↑ Oregon, executions recorded in county and statewide records, 1951, Undated
  60. ↑ Harry Egbert, 1904 January 29
  61. ↑ Frank Guglielmo, 1905 May 5
  62. ↑ George Lauth, 1905 July 13
  63. ↑ Norman Williams, 1905 July 21
  64. ↑ John Barnes, 1906 September 18
  65. ↑ Fred Shepherd, 1906 November 30
  66. ↑ Henry Hose, 1906 December 21
  67. ↑ Holliver Megorden, 1907 June 28
  68. ↑ Walter Johnson, 1909 February 5
  69. ↑ C. Y. Timmons, 1909 February 26
  70. ↑ Adolph Nordstrom, 1909 June 18
  71. ↑ Joseph Anderson, 1909 July 2
  72. ↑ Matthias Jancigaj, 1909 October 22
  73. ↑ James Finch, 1909 November 12
  74. ↑ John Roselair, 1910 September 8
  75. ↑ Isaac Harrell, 1910 September 9
  76. ↑ H. E. Roberts, OR, 1912 December 13
  77. ↑ Mike Morgan, 1912 December 13
  78. ↑ Frank Garrison, 1912 December 13
  79. ↑ Noble Faulder, 1912 December 13
  80. ↑ Charles Humphrey, George Humphrey, 1913 March 22
  81. ↑ Frank Seymour, Mike Spanos, 1913 October 31
  82. ↑ "Youths Executed At Salem Oregon". Ellensburg Daily Record. October 31, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  83. ↑ "Spanos And Seymour Hanged For Murder". Daily Capital Journal. October 31, 1913. pp. 1–4. Retrieved June 19, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  84. ↑ Oswald Hansel, OR, 1913 November 17
  85. ↑ Emmett Bancroft, OR, 1920 November 5
  86. ↑ John Rathie, OR, 1922 July 7
  87. ↑ "To Die On Gallows For Sheriff's Murder". Warsaw Daily Times and the Northern Indianian. November 5, 1920. p. 4. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  88. ↑ "Two Executed". Lewiston Morning Tribune. July 8, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  89. ↑ George Howard, 1922 September 8
  90. ↑ "Oregon Murderer Hanged". The Spokesman-Review. September 9, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  91. ↑ Husted Walters, 1923 March 9
  92. ↑ Dan Casey, 1923 August 24
  93. ↑ George Parker, 1924 January 4
  94. ↑ L. W. Peare, 1925 May 22
  95. ↑ Arthur Covell, 1925 May 22
  96. ↑ "Murderer Is Carried To The Gallows". The Washington Reporter. May 22, 1925. p. 4. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  97. ↑ W. R. Lloyd, 1925 November 30
  98. ↑ Archie Cody, 1926 April 16
  99. ↑ Albert Brownlee, 1927 May 17
  100. ↑ John Butchek, 1927 June 10
  101. ↑ Ellsworth Kelley, James Willos, 1928 April 20
  102. ↑ James Kingsley, 1931 October 30
  103. ↑ Leroy McCarthy, 1939 June 20
  104. ↑ Claude Cline, 1940 July 26
  105. ↑ "Cline Dies for Wheeler Murder". The Bulletin. July 26, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved May 27, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  106. ↑ James Thomas, 1941 October 30
  107. ↑ John Soto, 1942 March 20
  108. ↑ William Wallace, 1943 February 26
  109. ↑ Harvey Cunningham, 1944 March 6
  110. ↑ Richard Layton, 1944 December 8
  111. ↑ Robert Folkes, 1945 January 5
  112. ↑ Walter Higgins, OR, 1945 January 15
  113. ↑ "Two Convicted Killers Die In Gas Chamber". Warsaw Daily Union. January 16, 1945. p. 1. Retrieved May 27, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  114. ↑ Andrew Dennis, 1946 February 2
  115. ↑ Kenneth Bailey, 1946 September 13
  116. ↑ "Policeman's Killer Dies in Gas Chamber". Spokane Daily Chronicle. September 14, 1946. p. 14. Retrieved May 27, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  117. ↑ Wardell Henderson, 1948 January 23
  118. ↑ Wayne Long, 1952 August 8
  119. ↑ Frank Payne, 1953 January 9
  120. ↑ Morris Leland, 1953 January 9
  121. ↑ Albert Karnes, 1953 January 30
  122. ↑ Leroy McGauhey, 1962 August 20
  123. ↑ "New capital punishment law takes effect today". The Bulletin. December 6, 1978. p. 62. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  124. ↑ "Death penalty law cast out in Oregon". The Spokesman-Review. January 21, 1981. p. 6. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  125. ↑ "Executions in Oregon said many years away". Eugene Register-Guard. November 9, 1984. p. 3. Retrieved June 6, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)