List of critically endangered reptiles

Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
Critically endangered (CR): 432 species
Endangered (EN): 800 species
Vulnerable (VU): 627 species
Near threatened (NT, LR/cd): 566 species
Least concern (LC): 6,406 species
Data deficient (DD): 1,502 species

Reptile species (IUCN, 2025.2)

10,368 extant species have been evaluated
8,866 of those are fully assessed^[a]
6,972 are not threatened at present^[b]
1,894 to 3,396 are threatened^[c]
34 to 84 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
- 32 extinct (EX) species^[d]
- 2 extinct in the wild (EW)
- 50 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
- 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]

↑ excludes data deficient evaluations.
↑ NT, LR/cd, LC.
↑ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
↑ Chart omits extinct (EX) species

Critically endangered (CR) species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

As of June 2026, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 432 critically endangered reptile species, including 50 which are tagged as possibly extinct.^[1] 4.2% of all evaluated reptile species are listed as critically endangered; 15 subspecies, and 11 subpopulations are also listed as critically endangered.^[2]

Additionally, 1,502 reptile species (14.5% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is not sufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status.^[2] As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.^[3] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed".^[4]

This is a complete list of critically endangered reptile species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species considered possibly extinct by the IUCN are marked as such. Species and subspecies which have critically endangered subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated.

Turtles and tortoises

Chelidae

Austro‑South American side‑necked turtles

Roti Island snake-necked turtle (Chelodina mccordi)
Dahl's toad-headed turtle (Mesoclemmys dahli)
Hoge's side-necked turtle (Ranacephala hogei)
Western swamp turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina)

Pelomedusidae

African side‑necked turtles

Seychelles yellow-bellied mud turtle (Pelusios castanoides ssp. intergularis)
Seychelles black mud turtle (Pelusios subniger ssp. parietalis)

Podocnemididae

Malagasy‑South American side‑necked turtles

Madagascar big-headed turtle (Erymnochelys madagascariensis)
Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana)

Trionychidae

Softshell turtles

Black spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera ssp. atra)
Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra chitra)
Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra vandijki)
Nubian flapshell turtle (Cyclanorbis elegans)
Burmese peacock softshell (Nilssonia formosa)
Leith's softshell turtle (Nilssonia leithii)
Black softshell turtle (Nilssonia nigricans)
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)
Asian giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii)
Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei)

Emydidae

Terrapins

Bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)

Platysternidae

Big‑headed turtle (single extant species)

Big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum)

Geoemydidae

Box turtles, pond turtles

Southern river terrapin (Batagur affinis)
Northern river terrapin (Batagur baska)
Painted terrapin (Batagur borneoensis)
Three-striped roof turtle (Batagur dhongoka)
Red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga)
Burmese roofed turtle (Batagur trivittata)
Yellow-headed box turtle (Cuora aurocapitata)
Bourret's box turtle (Cuora bourreti)
Indochinese box turtle (Cuora galbinifrons)
McCord's box turtle (Cuora mccordi)
Pan's box turtle (Cuora pani)
Southern Vietnamese box turtle (Cuora picturata)
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata)
Yunnan box turtle (Cuora yunnanensis)
Zhou's box turtle (Cuora zhoui)
Yellow-headed temple turtle (Heosemys annandalii)
Arakan forest turtle (Heosemys depressa)
Giant Asian pond turtle (Heosemys grandis)
Sulawesi forest turtle (Leucocephalon yuwonoi)
Vietnamese pond turtle (Mauremys annamensis)
Yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica)
Chinese stripe-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis)
Malaysian giant turtle (Orlitia borneensis)
Assam roofed turtle (Pangshura sylhetensis)
Four-eyed turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata)
Philippine forest turtle (Siebenrockiella leytensis)

Testudinidae

Tortoises

Radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata)
Angonoka tortoise (Astrochelys yniphora)
Santiago giant tortoise (Chelonoidis darwini)
Eastern Santa Cruz giant tortoise (Chelonoidis donfaustoi)
Sierra Negra giant tortoise (Chelonoidis guntheri)
Española giant tortoise (Chelonoidis hoodensis)
Fernandina giant tortoise (Chelonoidis phantasticus)
Western Santa Cruz giant tortoise (Chelonoidis porteri)
Burmese star tortoise (Geochelone platynota)
Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
Bolson tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus)
Elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata)
Forsten's tortoise (Indotestudo forstenii)
Home's hinge-back tortoise (Kinixys homeana)
Pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri)
Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys)
Geometric tortoise (Psammobates geometricus)
Spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoides)
Flat-backed spider tortoise (Pyxis planicauda)
Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni)

Cheloniidae

Sea turtles

Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)
Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) (VU)
- Northeast Indian Ocean subpopulation^[5]
- Northwest Indian Ocean subpopulation^[6]
- South Pacific Ocean subpopulation^[7]

Dermochelyidae

Leatherback sea turtle (single extant species)

Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) (VU)
- East Pacific Ocean subpopulation^[8]
- Southwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation^[9]
- Southwest Indian Ocean subpopulation^[10]
- West Pacific Ocean subpopulation^[11]