List of amphibians of Alabama

The U.S. state of Alabama has 73 known indigenous amphibian species.[1] These indigenous species include 30 frog and toad species and 43 salamander species.[2][3][4] Two of these native species may have become extirpated within the state. They are the Mississippi gopher frog and flatwoods salamander.[1][5]

Human predation, pollution, and habitat destruction has placed several amphibian species at risk of extirpation or extinction. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources lists the conservation status of each species within the state with a rank of lowest, low, moderate, high, and highest concern.[1]

Frogs and toads

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Anaxyrus americanusAmerican toadBufonidaeLowest
Anaxyrus fowleriFowler's toadBufonidaeLowest
Anaxyrus quercicusoak toadBufonidaeModerate
Anaxyrus terrestrissouthern toadBufonidaeLowest
Incilius nebulifer Gulf Coast toad Bufonidae Unranked
Acris crepitansnorthern cricket frogHylidaeLow
Acris gryllussouthern cricket frogHylidaeLowest
Dryophytes andersoniipine barrens treefrogHylidaeHigh
Dryophytes avivocusbird-voiced treefrogHylidaeLowest
Dryophytes chrysoscelisCope's gray treefrogHylidaeLowest
Dryophytes cinereusAmerican green treefrogHylidaeLowest
Dryophytes femoralispine woods treefrogHylidaeLowest
Dryophytes gratiosusbarking treefrogHylidaeLow
Dryophytes squirellussquirrel treefrogHylidaeLow
Pseudacris brachyphonamountain chorus frogHylidaeLowest
Pseudacris collinsorum Collinses' mountain chorus frog Hylidae Unranked
Pseudacris cruciferspring peeperHylidaeLowest
Pseudacris feriarumupland chorus frogHylidaeLowest
Pseudacris nigritasouthern chorus frogHylidaeLowest
Pseudacris ocularislittle grass frogHylidaeHigh
Pseudacris ornataornate chorus frogHylidaeModerate
Osteopilus septentrionalis Cuban tree frog Hylidae Exotic invasive throughout Florida, becoming more common in southern Alabama[6]
Eleutherodactylus planirostrisgreenhouse frogEleutherodactylidaeExotic,
Native to Cuba and the Caribbean.
Gastrophryne carolinensiseastern narrowmouth toadMicrohylidaeLowest
Scaphiopus holbrookiieastern spadefootPelobatidaeLow
Lithobates capitogopher frogRanidaeHighest
Lithonates catesbeianaAmerican bullfrogRanidaeLowest
Lithobates clamitans ssp.bronze frog
green frog		RanidaeLowest
Lithobates gryliopig frogRanidaeLowest
Lithobates sevosaMississippi gopher frogRanidaePossibly extirpated/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered
Lithobates heckscheririver frogRanidaeHighest
Lithobates palustrispickerel frogRanidaeLow
Lithobates sphenocephalasouthern leopard frogRanidaeLowest
Lithobates sylvaticawood frogRanidaeModerate

Salamanders

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Ambystoma bishopi reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystomatidae Highest
Ambystoma cingulatumflatwoods salamanderAmbystomatidaePossibly extirpated/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as threatened
Ambystoma maculatumspotted salamanderAmbystomatidaeLow
Ambystoma opacummarbled salamanderAmbystomatidaeLow
Ambystoma talpoideummole salamanderAmbystomatidaeLow
Ambystoma texanumsmallmouth salamanderAmbystomatidaeModerate
Ambystoma tigrinumeastern tiger salamanderAmbystomatidaeModerate
Amphiuma meanstwo-toed amphiumaAmphiumidaeLow
Amphiuma pholeterone-toed amphiumaAmphiumidaeHigh
Amphiuma tridactylumthree-toed amphiumaAmphiumidaeLow
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensishellbenderCryptobranchidaeHighest
Aneides aeneusgreen salamanderPlethodontidaeHigh
Desmognathus aeneusseepage salamanderPlethodontidaeHigh
Desmognathus apalachicolaeApalachicola dusky salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Desmognathus auriculatussouthern dusky salamanderPlethodontidaeHighest
Desmognathus cheaha Talladega seal salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
Desmognathus conantispotted dusky salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Desmognathus monticolaseal salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Desmognathus ocoeeOcoee salamanderPlethodontidaeModerate
Eurycea aquatica brownback salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
Eurycea chamberlaini Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
Eurycea cirrigerasouthern two-lined salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Eurycea guttolineatathree-lined salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Eurycea hillisi Hillis's dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
Eurycea longicaudalong-tailed salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Eurycea lucifugacave salamander
spotted-tail salamander		PlethodontidaeLowest
Eurycea quadridigitatadwarf salamanderPlethodontidaeModerate
Eurycea sphagnicola bog dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
Gyrinophilus palleucusTennessee cave salamanderPlethodontidaeHigh
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus ssp.spring salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Hemidactylium scutatumfour-toed salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Phaeognathus hubrichtiRed Hills salamanderPlethodontidaeHigh/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as threatened

Official state amphibian
Plethodon glutinosusnorthern slimy salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Plethodon dorsalis northern zigzag salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
Plethodon grobmanisoutheastern slimy salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Plethodon mississippiMississippi slimy salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Plethodon serratussouthern redback salamanderPlethodontidaeModerate
Plethodon ventralissouthern zigzag salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Plethodon websteriWebster's salamanderPlethodontidaeLowest
Pseudotriton montanus flavissimusGulf Coast mud salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Pseudotriton ruber rubernorthern red salamanderPlethodontidaeLow
Pseudotriton ruber vioscaisouthern red salamanderPlethodontidaeModerate
Necturus alabamensisAlabama waterdog
Black Warrior waterdog		ProteidaeHigh
Necturus beyeriGulf Coast waterdog
speckled waterdog
Beyer's waterdog		ProteidaeLow
Necturus maculosuscommon mudpuppyProteidaeLow
Necturus mounti Escambia waterdog Proteidae Unranked
Necturus moleri Apalachicola waterdog Proteidae Unranked
Necturus speciesLoding's waterdogProteidaeLow/
Taxonomy undescribed

Known from lesser Gulf of Mexico drainages from Mobile Bay eastward.
Notophthalmus viridescens ssp.eastern newtSalamandridaeLowest
Siren intermedialesser sirenSirenidaeLowest
Siren lacertinagreater sirenSirenidaeModerate
Siren nettingi western lesser siren Sirenidae Unranked
Siren reticulatareticulated siren/leopard eelSirenidaeUndetermined
Species identified in 2018

Known from two locations in the southern pin plains and hills of the state.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Mirarchi, Ralph E. (2004). Alabama Wildlife: Volume One. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp. 105–118. ISBN 978-0-81735-1304.
  2. ↑ Alden, Peter (1999). National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Southeastern States. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 256–262. ISBN -0-679-44683-4.
  3. ↑ "Frogs". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  4. ↑ "Salamanders". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Amphibians in Alabama". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  6. ↑ Anderson, Wesley. "Alabama Invader: The Cuban Treefrog". Alabama Extension. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
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