South Asia
Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in South Asia[1]
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Haryanka dynasty |
544 BCE |
413 BCE |
Rajagriha, Pataliputra |
Sanskrit, Magadhi Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi |
India |
| Shaishunga dynasty |
413 BCE |
345 BC |
Rajgir, Vaishali, Pataliputra |
Sanskirt, Magadhi Prakit |
India |
| Kosala |
7th century BCE |
5th century BCE |
Ayodhya, Shravasti |
Sanskrit |
|
| Malla |
7th century BCE |
4th century BCE |
Kusinara, Pava |
Prakrit |
India |
| Vajjika League |
6th century BCE |
468 BCE |
Vesali |
Prakrit, Sanskrit |
|
| Anuradhapura Kingdom |
437 BCE |
1017 CE |
Anuradhapura |
Sinhala |
Sri Lanka |
| Mauryan Empire |
322 BCE |
184 BCE |
Pataliputra |
Magadhi Prakrit |
|
| Apracharajas |
52 BCE |
78 CE |
Gandhari Prakrit |
Bajaur District |
|
| Western Satraps |
35 CE |
415 CE |
Ujjain, Barygaza, Minnagara |
Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit |
|
| Northern Satraps |
60 BCE |
2nd century CE |
Sagala, Mathura |
Sanskrit |
| Khadga dynasty |
625 CE |
716 CE |
Karmanta Vasaka |
|
|
| Pithipatis of Magadha |
1120 CE |
1290 CE |
Bodhgaya |
Sanskrit |
India |
| Kingdom of Sikkim |
1642 CE |
1975 CE |
Yuksom, Rabdentse, Tumlong, Gangtok |
Chöke, Sikkimese |
India |
| Pala Empire |
750 CE |
1161 CE |
Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Somapura |
Sanskrit |
|
| Kingdom of Polonnaruwa |
1055 CE |
1232 CE |
Polonnaruwa |
Sinhala, Sanskrit |
|
| Kingdom of Dambadeniya |
1220 CE |
1345 CE |
Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Polonnaruwa, Kurunagala |
Sinhala |
Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Gampola |
1341 CE |
1408 CE |
Gampola |
Sinhala |
| Kingdom of Kotte |
1412 CE |
1597 CE |
Kotte |
Sinhala |
| Kingdom of Sitawaka |
1521 CE |
1594 CE |
Sitawaka |
Sinhala |
| Kingdom of Kandy |
1469 CE |
1815 CE |
Kandy |
Sinhala, Tamil |
Southeast Asia
Myanmar
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Pyu-city State |
2nd century BCE |
1050 CE |
Sri Ksetra, Halin, Beikthano, Pinle, Binnaka |
Pyu |
Myanmar |
| Thaton Kingdom |
4th century BCE |
1057 May 18 |
Thaton |
Mon |
| Pagan Kingdom |
849 CE |
1297 CE |
Pagan |
Old Burmese, Mon, Pyu |
| Myinsaing Kingdom |
1297 CE |
1313 CE |
Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle |
Burmese, Shan, Mon |
| Hanthawaddy kingdom |
1287 CE |
1552 CE |
Marthaban, Donwun, Pegu |
Mon, Old Burmese |
|
| Shan States |
1215 CE |
1885 CE |
Mogaung |
Shan, Burmese |
|
| Pinya Kingdom |
1313 CE |
1365 CE |
Pinya |
Burmese |
Myanmar |
| Sagaing Kingdom |
1315 CE |
1365 CE |
Sagaing |
Burmese |
| Kingdom of Ava |
1365 CE |
1555 CE |
Sagaing, Pinya, Ava |
Old Burmese, Shan |
| Kingdom of Mrauk U |
1429 CE |
1785 CE |
Mrauk U |
Arakanese, Burmese |
|
| Prome Kingdom |
1482 CE |
1542 CE |
Prome |
Burmese |
Myanmar |
| Toungoo dynasty |
1510 CE |
1752 CE |
Toungoo, Pegu, Ava |
Burmese |
|
| Konbaung dynasty |
1752 CE |
1885 CE |
Shwebo, Sagaing, Ava, Amarapura, Mandalay |
Burmese |
|
Thailand
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Dvaravati |
7th century CE |
11th century CE |
|
Mon |
Thailand |
| Lavo Kingdom |
648 CE |
1388 CE |
Lavo, Ayutthaya |
Mon, Old Khmer, Thai |
| Haripunchai |
629 CE |
1292 CE |
Haripunchai |
Northern Thai, Pali, Mon, Lawa |
| Ngoenyang |
638 CE |
1292 CE |
Hiran, Ngoenyang |
Northern Thai |
| Phayao Kingdom |
1094 CE |
1338 CE |
Phayao |
Tai |
| Sukhothai Kingdom |
1238 CE |
1584 CE |
Sukhothai, Song Khwae |
Sukhothai |
|
| Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom |
13th century CE |
1782 CE |
Nakhon Si Tammarat |
Southern Thai, Pali, Sanskrit, Malay language, Tamil |
Thailand |
| Lan Na |
1292 CE |
1775 January 15 |
Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai |
Northern Thai, Burmese language |
|
| Ayutthaya Kingdom |
1351 CE |
1767 CE |
Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Lopburi |
Siamese |
|
| Thonburi Kingdom |
1767 CE |
1782 CE |
Thonburi |
Thai |
|
| Rattanakosin Kingdom |
1782 CE |
1932 CE |
Bangkok |
Central Thai |
|
Cambodia
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Chenla |
550 CE |
802 CE |
Isanapura |
Old Khmer, Sanskrit |
|
| Khmer Empire |
802 CE |
1431 CE |
Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yashodharapura |
Old Khmer, Sanskrit, Dravidian languages |
|
| Post-Angkor Period |
1431 CE |
1863 CE |
Chaktomuk, Longvek, Lvea Aem, Oudong |
Middle Khmer, Khmer language |
|
East Asia
Northern China and Mongolian Plateau
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Rouran Khaganate |
330 CE |
555 CE |
Gansu, Mumocheng |
Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese |
|
| Uyghur Khaganate |
744 CE |
847 CE |
Otuken, Ordu-Baliq |
Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese |
| Liao dynasty |
916 CE |
1125 CE |
Shangjing |
Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen |
|
| Yuan dynasty |
1271 CE |
1368 CE |
Khanbaliq |
Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur |
|
| Northern Yuan dynasty |
1368 CE |
1635 CE |
Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum |
Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen |
|
| Four Oirat |
1399 CE |
1634 CE |
|
Mongolic (Oirat language) |
| Bogd Khanate |
1911 CE |
1924 CE |
Niislel Khuree |
Mongolian |
|
Korea
|
Established |
Disestablished |
Capital(s) |
Language(s) |
Today parts of |
| Silla |
57 BCE |
935 CE |
Seorabeo |
Old Korean, Middle Chinese |
|
| Goguryeo |
37 BCE |
668 CE |
Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang |
Goguryeo, Classic Chinese |
|
| Baekje |
18 BCE |
660 CE |
Wirye, Ungjin |
Baekje, Classic Chinese |
|
| Gaya confederacy |
42 CE |
562 CE |
Gaya |
|
South Korea |
| Balhae |
698 CE |
926 CE |
Dunhua |
GoguryeoTungusic, Middle Chinese |
|
| Later Baekje |
892 CE |
936 CE |
Wansanju |
Old Korean, Classic Chinese |
South Korea |
| Unified Silla |
668 CE |
935 CE |
Seorabeol |
Old Korean, Middle Chinese |
|
| Taebong |
901 CE |
918 CE |
Songak, Cheolwon |
Old Korean, Classic Chinese |
|
| Goryeo |
918 CE |
1392 CE |
Gaegyeong |
Middle Korean, Classic Chinese |