Lin Xin

Lin Xin
廩辛
Ruler of the Shang Dynasty
PredecessorZu Jia
SuccessorGeng Ding
Bornc. 11-12th Century BCE[1]
Diedc. 1100 BCE[1]
Names
Temple name
Lin Xin (廩辛) or Feng Xin (馮辛)
Lin Xin
Chinese廩辛
Literal meaning"Granary VIII"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinlǐn xīn
Bopomofoㄌㄧㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄣ
Wade–Gileslin3-hsin1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationlam5 sam1
Middle Chinese
Middle ChineselimX sin
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)/*p.rimʔ [s]i[n]/
Zhengzhang/*b·rɯmʔ siŋ/
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese馮辛
Literal meaning"Surname VIII"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinféng xīn
Bopomofoㄈㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄣ
Wade–Gilesfêng2-hsin1
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationfung4 sam1
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinesebjuwng sin
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)/*[Cə.b]əŋ [s]i[n]/
Zhengzhang/*bɯŋ siŋ/

Lin Xin (廩辛) was a king of the Shang dynasty of China.[2] He succeeded Zu Jia and was succeeded by Geng Ding.[3] Little is known about him outside of succession records in historical annals, and whether he is mentioned in oracle bone inscriptions is unclear.

Names

The name Lin Xin comes from Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian.[3] In the Bamboo Annals, the name Feng Xin appears and succeeds Zu Jia, the same sequence, and they are thus thought to be the same person.[4] This is reflected in Taiping Yulan, which merges the two into the same chapter.[5]

Reign

Lin ascended the throne in the year of Gengyan (庚寅) in the capital of Yin (殷).[4] He ruled for four years.[6] In the Taiping Yulan, Lin Xin is said to have reigned for six years, citing a passage from Records of the Grand Historian,[5] but said passage is not seen in the received text.[3]

Oracle bone evidence suggests Lin Xin's reign promulgated early forms of education for Shang dynasty religious practitioners, with more than several examples of beginner's handwriting appearing on bones dated to his reign,[7] particularly from the diviner Peng.[8][9][10][11]

References

  1. 1 2 XSZCP Group (2000), Xià-Shāng-Zhōu duàndài gōngchéng 1996—2000 nián jiēduàn chéngguǒ bàogào: Jiǎn běn 夏商周断代工程1996—2000年阶段成果报告: 简本 [The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project Report for the years 1996–2000 (abridged)], Beijing: 世界图书出版公司, ISBN 978-7-5062-4138-0, archived from the original on 29 December 2010, retrieved 19 February 2017
  2. ↑ Hopkins, L. C. (January 1917). "The Sovereigns of the Shang Dynasty, B.C. 1766-1154". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 80. ISSN 0035-869X.
  3. 1 2 3 Sima, Qian. "殷本紀". In Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). 史記 [Records of the Grand Historian] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 27 March 2026. 帝甲崩，子帝廩辛立。帝廩辛崩，弟庚丁立，是為帝庚丁。帝庚丁崩，子帝武乙立。殷復去亳，徙河北。
  4. 1 2 Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). "馮辛". 竹書紀年 [Zhushu Jinian] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 27 March 2026. 元年庚寅，王即位，居殷。四年，陟。
  5. 1 2 Sturgeon, Donald (ed.). "帝廩辛". 太平御覽 [Taiping Yulan] (in Literary Chinese). Chinese Text Project. Retrieved 27 March 2026. 《史記》曰：帝廩辛在位六年，崩，弟庚丁立。《紀年》曰：馮辛先居殷。
  6. ↑ Boileau, Gilles (2023). "Shang dynasty's "nine generations chaos" and the reign of Wu Ding: towards a unilineal line of transmission of royal power". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 86 (2): 293–315. doi:10.1017/S0041977X23000277. ISSN 0041-977X.
  7. ↑ Smith, Adam (2011). "Evidence for Scribal Training in Anyang". In Feng, Li; Banner, David Prager (eds.). Writing & literacy in early China: studies from the Columbia Early China Seminar. Seattle: University of Washington press. pp. 196–200. ISBN 9780295991528.
  8. ↑ 甲骨文合集 27543
  9. ↑ 甲骨文合集 26899
  10. ↑ 甲骨文合集 31420
  11. ↑ 甲骨文合集 34127
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