Khâlid-i Shahrazuri

Khâlid-i Baghdâdî
Personal life
Bornc. 1779
Qaradagh, near Sulaymaniyah, Ottoman Iraq
Died5 June 1827 A.D/11th Dhu'l-Qa'da, 1242 A.H (aged 48)
Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i
TariqaNaqshbandi
CreedAsh'ari
ProfessionIslamic scholar, Sufi
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Mawlana Khâlid Shahrazuri also known as Khâlid-i Baghdâdî and Mawlana Khalid[1][2] (Kurdish: مەولانا خالیدی نەقشبەندی, romanized: Mewlana Xalîdî Neqişbendî; 1779–1827) was a Kurdish Sufi,[3] and poet by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri,[4] the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world.[5] His writings are among the earliest examples of prose and poetry in Central Kurdish.[2][6] His full name was generally given as Abū al-Bahāʾ Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Khālid ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥusayn al-Shahrazūrī al-Kurdī.

Shahrazuri acquired the epithet Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region,[7] about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779.

Biography

He was born in the year 1779 in the village of Karadağ, near the city of Sulaymaniyah, in what is now Iraqi Kurdistan. His family belonged to the Jaff tribe that claimed descent from the 3rd caliph Uthman. Hence, the attribution al-'Uthmani is sometimes added to his name. He was raised and trained in Sulaymaniyah, where there were many schools and many mosques and which was considered the primary educational city of his time. Young Khalid studied with the two great scholars of his time, Shaykh `Abdul Karam al-Barzinji and Shaykh `Abdur Rahim al-Barzinji, and he read with Mullah Muhammad `Ali.[8] He became a respected teacher in Sulaymaniyah before undertaking his famous journey to India. There he met the renowned Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi master Shah Waliullah Dehlawi in Delhi. Khalid spent approximately a year with him and received initiation into the Naqshbandi order.[9]

One of his disciples, Ismail Sirajuddin Shirvani facilitated the spread of the Khalidiyya Order to Caucasus, triggering the Murid War.[10]

He died in Damascus in 1827, during an outbreak of plague, and was buried on Mount Qasioun.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Özdalga, E. (1999). Naqshbandis in western and central Asia. Istanbul: Numune Matbaasi" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
  2. 1 2 Bush, J. Andrew (2020). Between Muslims : religious difference in Iraqi Kurdistan. ISBN 978-1-5036-1143-6. OCLC 1138673345.
  3. ↑ Sadık Albayrak, Meşrutiyetten Cumhuriyete Meşihat Şeriat Tarikat Kavgası, Mizan Yayınevi, 1994, p. 323. (in Turkish).
  4. ↑ Gammer, Moshe. Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1994
  5. ↑ Martin van Bruinessen, Julia Day Howell, Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam, I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85043-854-0, p. 44.
  6. ↑ قەرەداغی، م. ع. (٢٠٠٨)، دەقنامە: بەیت و ھۆنراوە کوردییەکان، دەزگای ئاراس، ھەولێر.
  7. ↑ Richard Tapper, Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics, and Literature in a Secular State, I.B. Tauris, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85043-321-7, p. 129..
  8. ↑ Abu-Manneh, Butrus (1982). "The Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya in the Ottoman Lands in the Early 19th Century". Die Welt des Islams. 22 (1/4): 1–36. doi:10.2307/1569796. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 1569796.
  9. 1 2 "BAḠDĀDĪ, ḴĀLED ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2026-08-17.
  10. ↑ Weismann, Itzchak (2007-06-25). The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition. Routledge. pp. 106–108. ISBN 978-1-134-35305-7.

Sources

  • Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani, Islamic Supreme Council of America (June 2004), ISBN 1-930409-23-0.
  • E.F. Haydari, Al-Majd al-taled fi manaqeb al-sheikh Khalid, Istanbul 1874
  • S. M. Stern, Islamic Philosophy & the Classical Tradition, Oxford 1972
  • Hamid Algar, The Naqshbandi Order, Studia Islamica 1976
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