Katsuragi 28 Shuku

The Katsuragi 28 Shuku (Japanese: 葛城二十八宿, Hepburn: Katsuragi nijūhasshuku), or the Katsuragi 28 Shuku Kyōzuka, is a series of twenty-eight sutra mounds (経塚, kyōzuka) found mainly in the Kongō Range in the Kansai region of Japan. The majority of the sutra mounds lie within the Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen Quasi-National Park. According to legend, each of the sutra mounds corresponds to a chapter of the Lotus Sutra buried by En no Gyōja, the mythical 7th-century founder of Shugendō.^[1]^[2]^[3]

List of sutra mounds

Below is a list of Katsuragi 28 Shuku sutra mounds.^[4]

Note that for the following table of the sutra mounds, there are two potential sites for mounds 3, 14, and 28, which are designated as 3A, 3B, 14A, 14B, 28A, and 28B, respectively.

No.	Sutra mound^[1]	GSI map	Google Maps	Coordinates	Lotus Sutra chapter^[5]
1	Torajima, Tomogashima – Tomogashima Johon (友ヶ島序品)^[a]	GSI map	Google Maps	34°17′34.4″N 135°1′38″E / 34.292889°N 135.02722°E / 34.292889; 135.02722 (1番友ヶ島虎島)	Introduction (序品)
2	Ruins of Jinpuku-ji (Ninoshuku Kannondō) – Hobenhon (神福寺跡（二之宿観音堂）方便品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°16′18.4″N 135°6′40.5″E / 34.271778°N 135.111250°E / 34.271778; 135.111250 (2番泉州神福寺)	Skillful Means (方便品)
3A	Mount Daifuku – Hiyuhon (大福山譬喩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′12.6″N 135°12′31″E / 34.303500°N 135.20861°E / 34.303500; 135.20861 (3番紀州大福山)	A Parable (譬喩品)
3B	Mount Unzan – Hiyuhon (雲山峰譬喩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′06″N 135°14′06″E / 34.30167°N 135.23500°E / 34.30167; 135.23500 (3番紀州雲山峰)	A Parable (譬喩品)
4	Sakura Jizō – Shingehon (さくら地蔵信解品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′46.1″N 135°16′14.9″E / 34.312806°N 135.270806°E / 34.312806; 135.270806 (4番さくら地蔵)	Willing Acceptance (信解品)
5	Mount Kuratani – Yakusō-yuhon (倉谷山薬草喩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′31.7″N 135°20′33.7″E / 34.308806°N 135.342694°E / 34.308806; 135.342694 (5番倉谷山)	Herbs (薬草喩品)^[6]
6	Shino-tōge Pass – Jukihon (志野峠授記品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′15.8″N 135°23′6.7″E / 34.304389°N 135.385194°E / 34.304389; 135.385194 (6番志野峠)	Prediction (授記品)
7	Nakatsugawa – Kejō-yuhon (中津川化城喩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°18′50.4″N 135°23′54.2″E / 34.314000°N 135.398389°E / 34.314000; 135.398389 (7番中津川)	The Apparitional City (化城喩品)
8	Inunaki-san Shippōryū-ji Reishogatake – Gohyakudeshi-jukihon (犬鳴山七宝瀧寺鈴杵ヶ嶽五百弟子受記品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°20′6.7″N 135°23′10.3″E / 34.335194°N 135.386194°E / 34.335194; 135.386194 (8番七宝瀧寺鈴杵ケ嶽)	The 500 Disciples Receive Their Predictions (五百弟子受記品)
9	Mine no Ryū-ō – Jugaku-mugaku-ninkihon (嶺の龍王授学無学人記品])	GSI map	Google Maps	34°20′53.1″N 135°26′4″E / 34.348083°N 135.43444°E / 34.348083; 135.43444	The Predictions for Those Who Still Have More to Learn and for Those Who Do Not (授学無学人記品)
10	Dai-itoku-ji – Hosshihon (大威徳寺法師品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°22′17.4″N 135°26′55.3″E / 34.371500°N 135.448694°E / 34.371500; 135.448694 (10番大威徳寺)	The Expounder of the Dharma (法師品)
11	Nanakoshi-tōge Pass Kyōzuka-yama – Kenhotohon (七越峠経塚山見宝塔品)^[b]	GSI map	Google Maps	34°21′12.7″N 135°28′24.1″E / 34.353528°N 135.473361°E / 34.353528; 135.473361 (11番西の堂屋敷)	The Appearance of a Jeweled Stupa (見宝塔品)
12	Goma no Tawa Hodome – Daiba-dattahon (護摩のたわ朴留堤婆達多品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°20′55.68″N 135°30′8.8″E / 34.3488000°N 135.502444°E / 34.3488000; 135.502444 (12番東の燈明ヶ岳)	Devadatta (堤婆品)
13	Mukai Tawa – Kanjihon (向い多和勧持品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°20′13.56″N 135°30′11.9″E / 34.3371000°N 135.503306°E / 34.3371000; 135.503306	Perseverance (勧持品)
14A	Kōtaki-ji Temple Buttokutawa – Anrakugyōhon (光瀧寺仏徳多和安楽行品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°22′10.92″N 135°31′4.4″E / 34.3697000°N 135.517889°E / 34.3697000; 135.517889 (14番一本杉仏徳多和)	Ease in Practice (安楽行品)
14B	Mount Minami-Katsuragi Kagami no Shuku – Anrakugyōhon (南葛城山鏡宿安楽行品), at Ipponsugi Buttoku Tawa (一本杉仏徳多和)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°21′27″N 135°32′25.5″E / 34.35750°N 135.540417°E / 34.35750; 135.540417 (14番一本杉仏徳多和)	Ease in Practice (安楽行品)
15	Mount Iwawaki – Jūjiyū-juppon (岩湧山従地湧出品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°22′54.62″N 135°33′19″E / 34.3818389°N 135.55528°E / 34.3818389; 135.55528 (15番岩湧寺)	Bodhisattvas Emerging from the Earth (従地湧出品)
16	Nagaredani Kongōdō-ji – Nyorai-juryōbon (流谷金剛童子如来寿量品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°23′37.18″N 135°34′53.6″E / 34.3936611°N 135.581556°E / 34.3936611; 135.581556 (16番流谷金剛童子)	The Lifespan of the Tathāgata (如来寿量品)
17	Amami Fudō – Funbetsu-kudokuhon (天見不動分別功徳品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°22′31.08″N 135°35′22.9″E / 34.3753000°N 135.589694°E / 34.3753000; 135.589694 (17番天見不動)	Description of Merits (分別功徳品)
18	Iwaze Kyōzuka-yama – Zuiki-kudokuhon (岩瀬経塚山随喜功徳品) / Sainokami Valley (賽ノ神谷)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°24′6.34″N 135°37′4.37″E / 34.4017611°N 135.6178806°E / 34.4017611; 135.6178806 (18番岩瀬経塚山)	The Merits of Joyful Acceptance (随喜功徳品)
19	Jinpuku-yama – Hosshi-kudokuhon (神福山法師功徳品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°23′19.32″N 135°39′30.13″E / 34.3887000°N 135.6583694°E / 34.3887000; 135.6583694 (19番神福山)	The Benefits Obtained by an Expounder of the Dharma (法師功徳品)
20	Ruins of Ishi-dera – Jōfukyō Bosatsuhon (石寺跡常不軽菩薩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°24′16.31″N 135°41′9.4″E / 34.4045306°N 135.685944°E / 34.4045306; 135.685944 (20番石寺跡)	Bodhisattva Sadāparibhūta (常不軽菩薩品)
21	Kongō-san – Nyorai-jinrikihon (金剛山如来神力品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°25′2.21″N 135°40′39″E / 34.4172806°N 135.67750°E / 34.4172806; 135.67750 (21番金剛山湧出岳)	The Transcendent Powers of the Tathāgata (如来神力品)
22	Mizukoshi-tawa – Zokuruihon (水越多和嘱累品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°26′10.32″N 135°41′45.6″E / 34.4362000°N 135.696000°E / 34.4362000; 135.696000 (22番水越多和)	Entrustment (嘱累品)
23	Kushira – Yakuō Bosatsu Honjihon (倶尸羅薬王菩薩本事品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°27′46.22″N 135°42′44″E / 34.4628389°N 135.71222°E / 34.4628389; 135.71222 (23番倶尸羅)	Ancient Accounts of Bodhisattva Bhaiṣajyarāja (薬王菩薩本事品)
24	Hiraishi-tōge Pass – Myō-on Bosatsuhon (平石峠妙音菩薩品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°30′8.28″N 135°40′23.88″E / 34.5023000°N 135.6733000°E / 34.5023000; 135.6733000 (24番平石峠)	Bodhisattva Gadgadasvara (妙音菩薩品)
25	Kōki-ji Temple Kōgebata – Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumonhon (高貴寺香華畑観世音菩薩普門品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°29′57.84″N 135°39′52.2″E / 34.4994000°N 135.664500°E / 34.4994000; 135.664500 (25番高貴寺香華畑)	The Gateway to Every Direction (Manifested by Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara) (観世音菩薩普門品)
26	Mount Nijō – Daranihon (二上山陀羅尼品])	GSI map	Google Maps	34°31′32.52″N 135°40′41.16″E / 34.5257000°N 135.6781000°E / 34.5257000; 135.6781000 (26番二上山)	Dhāraṇī (陀羅尼品)
27	Ōsaka – Myōshōgon-nō-honjihon (逢坂妙荘厳王本事品)^[c]	GSI map	Google Maps	34°32′51.14″N 135°41′31″E / 34.5475389°N 135.69194°E / 34.5475389; 135.69194 (27番逢坂)	Ancient Accounts of King Śubhavyūha (妙荘厳王本事品)
28A	Kameno-o-shuku – Fugen Bosatsu Kanbotsuhon (亀の尾宿普賢菩薩勧発品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°34′47.64″N 135°40′28.2″E / 34.5799000°N 135.674500°E / 34.5799000; 135.674500 (28番亀の瀬)	Encouragement of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra (普賢菩薩勧発品)
28B	Mount Myōjin – Fugen Bosatsu Kanbotsuhon (明神山普賢菩薩勧発品)	GSI map	Google Maps	34°34′26″N 135°40′33″E / 34.57389°N 135.67583°E / 34.57389; 135.67583 (28番明神山)	Encouragement of Bodhisattva Samantabhadra (普賢菩薩勧発品)

Prilgrimage groups

The following temples and shugendō organizations regularly organize pilgrimages to the Katsuragi 28 Shuku sutra mounds. They regularly leave behind wooden pilgrimage tablets (碑伝, hiden) containing the organization's name and month and year of visit.

Mii-dera (三井寺) in Otsu, Shiga
Seiganto-ji (青岸渡寺) in Wakayama Prefecture
Tenporin-ji (転法輪寺) on Mount Kongō in Gose, Nara
Tekkazan Dōjō (鉄火山道場) (known in full as Katsuragi Shugen Tekkazan Dōjō 葛城修験鉄火山道場) in Izumisano, Osaka Prefecture

Notes

↑ Torajima is typically inaccessible for ordinary sightseers and can only be reached via organized pilgrimages.
↑ Located on private property
↑ Located on private property

References

1 2 垂井俊憲 (2001). 犬鳴山修験道葛城二十八宿を巡る: 垂井俊憲写真集 (in Japanese). 東方出版. ISBN 9784885917028.
↑ 宮家準 (2023). 修験道の経・講式・和讃・唱言 (in Japanese). 春秋社. pp. 193–198. ISBN 9784393291375.
↑ Padoan, Tatsuma (2023). "Walking the Sutra". Approaching Pilgrimage. London: Routledge. p. 59–76. doi:10.4324/9781003137764-7. ISBN 978-1-003-13776-4.
↑ 葛城修験日本遺産活用推進協議会 (2023-03-31). 日本遺産葛城修験：構成文化財調査報告書 (PDF) (in Japanese). 和歌山県商工観光労働部観光局観光振興課内.
↑ Kubo, Tsugunari (2007). The Lotus Sutra. Translated by Yuyama, Akira. Berkeley, California: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. ISBN 978-1-886439-39-9.
↑ 二〇一九年度特別展七宝瀧寺と志一上人―葛城修験二十八宿の世界― (in Japanese). 和歌山大学地域活性化総合センター紀州経済史文化史研究所. 2019-10-31.

External links

Interactive map of Katsuragi Shugen sites (in Japanese)

[6] Torajima is typically inaccessible for ordinary sightseers and can only be reached via organized pilgrimages.

[8] Located on private property

[9] Located on private property

[Katsuragi2001-1] 1 2 垂井俊憲 (2001). 犬鳴山修験道葛城二十八宿を巡る: 垂井俊憲写真集 (in Japanese). 東方出版. ISBN 9784885917028.

[Shugendo2023-2] 宮家準 (2023). 修験道の経・講式・和讃・唱言 (in Japanese). 春秋社. pp. 193–198. ISBN 9784393291375.

[3] Padoan, Tatsuma (2023). "Walking the Sutra". Approaching Pilgrimage. London: Routledge. p. 59–76. doi:10.4324/9781003137764-7. ISBN 978-1-003-13776-4.

[Wakayamaken-4] 葛城修験日本遺産活用推進協議会 (2023-03-31). 日本遺産葛城修験：構成文化財調査報告書 (PDF) (in Japanese). 和歌山県商工観光労働部観光局観光振興課内.

[5] Kubo, Tsugunari (2007). The Lotus Sutra. Translated by Yuyama, Akira. Berkeley, California: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. ISBN 978-1-886439-39-9.

[W-7] 二〇一九年度特別展七宝瀧寺と志一上人―葛城修験二十八宿の世界― (in Japanese). 和歌山大学地域活性化総合センター紀州経済史文化史研究所. 2019-10-31.

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