HN-5

HN-5
HN-5A(M) of Thailand
TypeMANPADS
Place of originChina
Service history
In serviceHN-5: 1983–present (reserve only)
HN-5A: 1984–present (reserve only)
Used bySee Operators
Production history
ManufacturerHN-5: Liaoning Defense Industry Office
HN-5A: Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST)
Produced1973–present
Specifications
MassHN-5A: 10.2 kg (22 lb)
LengthHN-5A: 1.46 m (4.8 ft)
Diameter72 mm (2.8 in)
Detonation
mechanism
Impact
EngineRocket motor
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
HN-5A: 0.8–4.4 km (0.50–2.73 mi)
Flight altitudeHN-5A: 50–2,500 m (160–8,200 ft)
Maximum speed500 m/s (Mach 1.5)
Guidance
system
Infrared homing (IR)
Launch
platform
MANPADS & surface

The HN-5 (Chinese: 红缨-5; pinyin: Hóng Yīng-Wǔ; lit. 'Red Tassel-5'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-3[1]) is a family of first generation Chinese man-portable air-defense systems (MANPAD) based on Soviet technology. The HN abbreviation is used to avoid confusion with the HY (Hai Ying, or Sea Eagle) series anti-ship missiles of the Silkworm missile family. The HN-5 series was developed into HN-6 and QW-1 missiles.

Development

The HN-5 is a reverse-engineered version of the Soviet Strela 2 (SA-7).[2] The reverse-engineering and subsequent development took place between 1973 and 1982. The HN-5 was certified in 1983. The HN-5 was exported to Pakistan as Anza-1 and Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War. The HN-5 was co-developed by the Liaoning Defense Industry Office, Third Ministry of Machine Building (aka Aviation Industry Corporation of China; AVIC), Fifth Ministry of Machine Building (aka Norinco), Seventh Ministry of Machine Building (aka China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation; CASC and China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation; CASIC) under designers Zhu Yuchi (Chinese: 朱玉池) and Xiao Lin (Chinese: 肖林).[3]

The HN-5A (Chinese: 红缨-5甲; pinyin: Hóng Yīng-Wǔ jiǎ) was neither an improved variant nor a modification of the HN-5, but a parallel development began a few years later under the Shanghai Municipality Second Bureau of Electromechanical Industry, later known as the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The lead designers were Fan Conghui (Chinese: 范崇惠) and Ye Xiaoqing (Chinese: 叶尧卿). The HN-5A was tested between 1979 and 1981, with certification in 1984. Compared to the HN-5, the HN-5A has a larger warhead, a higher flight velocity, a longer range, a thermal filter, and a thermoelectric cooler with increased seeker sensitivity.[3] The HN-5A largely correlates to Strela 2M.[4]

Later, CASIC developed the second-generation MANPADS based on the HN-5, called QW-1.[5][6] SAST also developed the next iteration of the HN-5 missile in parallel, called HN-6 (FN-6), which is a third-generation MANPADS.[3]

Variants

HN-5
The HN-5 is developed by Liaoning Defense Industry Office, Third Ministry of Machine Building (aka Aviation Industry Corporation of China; AVIC), Fifth Ministry of Machine Building (aka Norinco), Seventh Ministry of Machine Building (aka China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation; CASC and China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation; CASIC).[3]
HN-5A
The HN-5A features a performance largely correlates to Strela 2M.[4] A parallel development by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST).[3]
HN-5B
Developed from HN-5A[4][7] with technology based on the Soviet 9K34 Strela-3. Although the missile had entered service with the Chinese army in the mid-1980s, it was not until 1990 that it was first publicly revealed in China.[8] According to many domestic Chinese media sources and some sources outside China, Chinese obtained the Soviet samples via Zaire from UNITA captured 9K34 Strela-3 from Angola governmental forces, the exact the same way China obtained the 9K310 Igla-1 a short time later. The missile entered service with the Pakistani army in January 1990.
HN-5C
Vehicle-mounted version of HN-5 missiles. It can mount all missiles in the HN-5 series.[4] It first entered production in 1986, but was not revealed to the public in China until the early 1990s. A total of eight missiles are configured into two groups of four missiles mounted on a 4x4 vehicle with an electro-optical fire control system.
HQ-5C
HQ stands for Hongqi, the Chinese designation for their surface-to-air missiles. The missile was specifically developed in the 1980s for export.[9] The missile is modified to be compatible with Western standards.[9]

Foreign derivatives

Pakistan has produced the HN-5 missile as the Anza Mk I,[3] based on tech from the HN-5B.[9] North Korea also produced HN-5 locally.[10]

Operators

Map with HN-5 users in blue

Non-state actors

Specifications

HN-5 series missile specifications[16]
HN-5[3] HN-5A
Introduction 1983 1984
Missile length 1.423 m (4.67 ft) 1.463 m (4.80 ft)
System length 1.508 m (4.95 ft)
Missile weight 9.8 kg (22 lb) 10.2 kg (22 lb)
System weight 15 kg (33 lb) 16.5 kg (36 lb)
Missile diameter 72 mm (2.8 in) 72 mm (2.8 in)
Warhead 1.17 kg (2.6 lb)[17]
Warhead filling 0.5 kg (1.1 lb)
Fuze Impact
Flight speed 500 m/s (Mach 1.5)
Range 0.5–4.2 km (0.31–2.61 mi) 0.8–4.4 km (0.50–2.73 mi)
Altitude 50–2,300 m (160–7,550 ft) 50–2,500 m (160–8,200 ft)

See also

References

  1. ↑ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge.
  2. ↑ "Multiplying the Sources: Licensed and Unlicensed Military Production" (PDF). Geneva: Small Arms Survey. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "《士兵突击》罕见错误！我军单兵防空导弹射程4500千米，能从敦煌打到莫斯科？". Guancha. 22 June 2023. Archived from the original on 1 August 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "强强联手：中国神弓防空武器系统". Sohu News. 21 May 2005.
  5. ↑ "从2002年珠海航展看中国便携式防空导弹". 兵器知识. 23 September 2021 – via WeChat Official Account.
  6. ↑ 兵工科技. ""前卫"：国产单兵 防空导弹"引领者"". Changsha Evening News. Archived from the original on 6 June 2026.
  7. ↑ "资料：中国"红缨五号"便携式防空导弹". Sina News. 25 July 2003.
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". www.sinodefence.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. 1 2 3 "HY-5 / HN-5 / HQ-5". www.globalsecurity.org.
  10. ↑ Kirkham, Elizabeth; Okechukwu, Nneka (2010). Controlling the Transfer of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (PDF) (Report). Saferworld.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dr. Michael Ashkenazi; Princess Mawuena Amuzu; Jan Grebe; Christof Kögler; Marc Kösling (February 2013). brief 47: MANPADS A Terrorist Threat to Civilian Aviation? (PDF) (Report). Bonn International Center for Conversion. pp. 132–152. ISSN 0947-7322. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  12. 1 2 Zeigler, Sean M.; Hou, Alexander C.; Martini, Jeffrey; Norton, Daniel M.; Phillips, Brian; Schwille, Michael; Strong, Aaron; Vest, Nathan (2019). Acquisition and use of MANPADS against commercial aviation: Risks, proliferation, mitigation, and cost of an attack (PDF). Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-1-9774-0418-3.
  13. ↑ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons". Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  14. ↑ Khan, Shirley A. (2009). U. S.-China Counterterrorism Cooperation. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4379-1936-3. Retrieved 15 July 2026 – via Google Books.
  15. ↑ "United Wa State Army military parade showcases ongoing modernisation". Janes. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  16. ↑ "红缨5号防空导弹". Xilu. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020.
  17. ↑ "HN-5(A)". weaponsystems.

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