HD 63935

HD 63935

Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox ICRS
Constellation Canis Minor[1]
Right ascension 07h 51m 41.996s[2]
Declination +09° 23′ 9.79″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 8.58[1]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence[2]
Spectral type G5[3]
Apparent magnitude (G) 8.40[2]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−20.33±0.12[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −78.696±0.022[2] mas/yr
Dec.: −188.512±0.013[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)20.47±0.019 mas[2]
Distance159.3 ± 0.1 ly
(48.85 ± 0.05 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)+5.15[1]
Details
Mass0.9406+0.0342
−0.0318[4] M☉
Radius0.9598+0.0168
−0.0167[4] R☉
Luminosity0.76[5] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.46[5] cgs
Temperature5,513+71
−73[4] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)1.8[6] km/s
Age6.6+2.5
−2.4[4] Myr
Other designations
BD+09°1791, HD 63935, HIP 38374, SAO 116039, PPM 153456, LSPM J0751+0923, LTT 12075, TOI-509, TIC 453211454, TYC 783-536-1, Gaia DR3 3145754895088191744[7]
Database references
SIMBADdata

HD 63935 is a G-type main-sequence star located in the constellation of Canis Minor. It is approximately 160 light-years (49 parsecs) from the Solar System and has an apparent visual magnitude of 8.58, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under optimal conditions. The star hosts two confirmed sub-Neptune-sized planets. These planets were discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and confirmed with precision radial-velocity observations as part of the TESS–Keck Survey.[8] Exoplanet atmospheric studies also took place on this system.[9][10]

Discovery and observation

The HD 63935 system was given the designation TOI-509 (TESS Object of Interest) during Sector 4 observations in 2018–2019.[11] Transit signals for both planets were detected in the full-frame images and confirmed via ground-based photometry. Radial velocity follow-up by the TESS-Keck Survey, led by researchers including Scarsdale et al. (2021)[8], provided mass constraints, revealing the planets' sub-Neptune nature.

Subsequent analyses, such as those by MacDougall et al. (2023)[12] and Polanski et al. (2024)[13], refined orbital parameters and stellar properties using data from Gaia DR3 and other surveys.

Planetary system

The HD 63935 system features two transiting sub-Neptune exoplanets in short-period orbits, often referred to as "twin" planets due to their comparable sizes, masses, and densities. Both planets were identified as candidates by TESS and confirmed through high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HIRES spectrograph on the Keck Observatory.[8] The inner planet, HD 63935 b (also known as TOI-509.01), orbits every 9.06 days, while the outer planet, HD 63935 c, has an orbital period of 21.40 days. Their near-circular orbits (eccentricity e ≈ 0) and low masses (around 10–11 Earth masses) suggest they are gas-enveloped worlds with rocky cores, typical of sub-Neptunes.[4]

During the identification of the two exoplanets the possibility of a third exoplanet was noted and it was suggested further observations would rule it out.[8]

The HD 63935 planetary system[4]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination
(°)		 Radius
b 10.8±1.8 MJ 0.083±0.002 9.058807±0.000015 — 88.4900±0.0018 2.99±0.14 RJ
c 11.1±2.4 MJ 0.148±0.003 21.4027±0.0018 — 88.2410+0.0011
−0.0013		 2.90±0.13 RJ

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. XHIP record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ Cannon, A. J.; Pickering, E. C. (1993). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)". Vizier Online Data Catalog. Bibcode:1993yCat.3135....0C.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "HD 63935 | NASA Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 5 February 2026.
  5. 1 2 De Laverny, Patrick; Ligi, Roxanne; Crida, Aurélien; Recio-Blanco, Alejandra; Palicio, Pedro A. (2025). "The Gaia spectroscopic catalogue of exoplanets and host stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 699: A100. arXiv:2505.22205. Bibcode:2025A&A...699A.100D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554739.
  6. ↑ Tsantaki, M.; Magrini, L.; Danielski, C.; Bossini, D.; Turrini, D.; Moedas, N.; Folsom, C. P.; Ramler, H.; Biazzo, K.; Campante, T. L.; Delgado-Mena, E.; Da Silva, R.; Sousa, S. G.; Benatti, S.; Casali, G.; Hełminiak, K. G.; Rainer, M.; Sanna, N. (2025). "Ariel stellar characterisation: III. Fast rotators and new FGK stars in the Ariel mission candidate sample". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 697. arXiv:2502.20950. Bibcode:2025A&A...697A.102T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453059.
  7. ↑ "HD 63935". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 7 February 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Scarsdale, Nicholas; et al. (2021). "TESS-Keck Survey. V. Twin Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (5): 215. arXiv:2110.06885. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..215S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac18cb.
  9. ↑ Scarsdale, N.; Murphy, J.; Batalha, N.; Team, TESS-Keck Survey (March 2021). "A High Quality Atmospheric Target in a Sparse Region of Mass-Radius Space around HD 63935". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 53 (3): 1208. Bibcode:2021BAAS...53c1208S.
  10. ↑ Scarsdale, N.; Murphy, J. M.; Batalha, N. (25 January 2021). "HD 63935's Space Oddities: Two Atmospheric Targets in Sparse Regions of Mass-Radius Space". Bulletin of the AAS. 53 (1).
  11. ↑ Soubiran, C.; Jasniewicz, G.; Chemin, L.; Zurbach, C.; Brouillet, N.; Panuzzo, P.; Sartoretti, P.; Katz, D.; Campion, J.-F. Le; Marchal, O.; Hestroffer, D.; Thévenin, F.; Crifo, F.; Udry, S.; Cropper, M. (1 August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2 - The catalogue of radial velocity standard stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616: A7. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832795. ISSN 0004-6361.
  12. ↑ Polanski, Alex S.; Lubin, Jack; Beard, Corey; Akana Murphy, Joseph M.; Rubenzahl, Ryan; Hill, Michelle L.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Chontos, Ashley; Robertson, Paul; Isaacson, Howard; Kane, Stephen R.; Ciardi, David R.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Dressing, Courtney; Fulton, Benjamin (1 June 2024). "The TESS-Keck Survey. XX. 15 New TESS Planets and a Uniform RV Analysis of All Survey Targets". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 272 (2): 32. arXiv:2405.14786. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad4484. ISSN 0067-0049.
  13. ↑ MacDougall, Mason G.; Petigura, Erik A.; Gilbert, Gregory J.; Angelo, Isabel; Batalha, Natalie M.; Beard, Corey; Behmard, Aida; Blunt, Sarah; Brinkman, Casey; Chontos, Ashley; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dai, Fei; Dalba, Paul A.; Dressing, Courtney; Fetherolf, Tara (1 July 2023). "The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. Precise Properties of 108 TESS Planets and Their Host Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (1): 33. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd557. ISSN 0004-6256.
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