Höganäs Formation
| Höganäs Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Rhaetian-Hettangian ~ | |
 Historical photo of one of the main outcrops, Norra Albert mine | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Ängelholm Trought |
| Sub-units | Bjuv, Helsingborg & Vallåkra members |
| Underlies | Rya Formation |
| Overlies | Kågeröd Formation |
| Thickness | 200 m |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Shale, coal |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 56°06′N 12°42′E / 56.1°N 12.7°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 44°36′N 8°30′E / 44.6°N 8.5°E |
| Region | Skåne |
| Country | Sweden |
| Type section | |
| Named by | Troedsson[1] |
  Höganäs Formation (Sweden) | |
The Höganäs Formation is a Late Triassic to Early Jurassic geologic formation in Skåne, Sweden. The formation is mostly known for its incredible flora collection from the Bjuv member, composed of over 110 species, and also includes several vertebrate remains, such as fishes, amphibians and dinosaur tracks & remains, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[2] It´s regional equivalent is the Zagaje Formation in Poland.[3]
Description
The Höganas Formation was deposited in what is now the southern part of Sweden Skåne. The formation straddles the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and has provided evidence of widespread mire-forest deterioration that began in the latest Rhaetian.[4] The upper part of the Höganas Formation is correlated with the Rønne Formation of Bornholm, which is administered by Denmark. The Hóganas Formation is rich in coal and has provided many fossil flora.[5]
Vallåkra Member
This member represent the basal part of the Formation, that represents a transition between the terrestrial Kågeröd Formation and the delta dominated coal layers of the Bjuv Member, being made by poorly stratified clay & claystone, mostly green in coloration.[6] The sediments of this member are exposed mostly in the quarry of the town of the same name, where is subdivided on the next levels: 6 m of mixed layers, whose composition includes material seen both on the Kågeröd Formation and this member (red clay and 5 m light clay, 3 m argillaceous sandstone and l m dark clay and several layers composed by Spherosiderite).[6] The uppermost levels are covered by the coal seams of the Bjuv Member. This member has been considered as of Middle and Upper Rhaetian in age.[6][7]
Bjuv Member
The second member is the Bjuv Member, known as the most fossiliferous one, that was known originally as the Gruv Member (gruva= mine).[7][8] Coal and clay have been mined in this area since the fifteenth century, being this intensive mining one of the main reasons the fossiliferous layers have provided such a diverse flora. The Bjuv member is divided on two different seams, the B seam, that overlies the older member and the A seam, that marks the limit with the Helsingborg Member.[7] This layer has a thickness of around 37.22 and 45.72 m in bore No. 256 (stored at the Höganäs Company in Bjuv) from the Bjuv area.[6] The layer is dominated by coarse arenaceous sediments, specially between Billesholm and Höganäs, parallel to the Söderåsen and Kullaberg horsts.[8] Towards the southern part of this area the deposition changes, with an increased abundance of argillaceous contents, specially at places like Skromberga.[8] The age of this member is considered to be Latest Rhaetian and maybe Lower Hettangian. Thus the member records the Triassic–Jurassic extinction, what is seen in the plant oscillations.[9] The Plant fossils found at this layer are one of the main fossil material of the whole Mesozoic in Sweden, composed by more than 110 species, one of the most complete floras of the same age from any location.[7][10] The main reason for this datation where suggested due to the presence of the plants Lepidopteris ottonis and Thaumatopteris shenki, as well palynological samples that suggested a Middle Rhaetian age (the Rhaetipollis-Limbosporites Miospore Zone).[11] Latter works have fount that the Dinosaur Footprint layers spam between the Rhaetian-Hettangian boundary.[12][13] Beyond the exceptional flora, the member is also known for fossils of Molluscs, arthropods and fish remains.[7] In the uppermost sequence the deposition changes from a coastal swamp with abundant evidence of plant colonization to fully marine conditions, evidenced by dinoflagellate cysts, recording thus the Rhaetian maximum flooding.[14]
Helsingborg Member
The Uppermost member of the formation is entirely of Hettangian age, and is the last layer before the start of the deposition of the younger dominant marine Rya Formation.[6] This member is dominated by Deltaic sediments, along several marine interealatians are frequent, with deposition of coarse, in some cases arkosic sandstones in between more fine-grained deposits may indicate Early Kimmerian tectonic movements.[15] The member has a maximunn thickness of 215 m and is divided in 2 parts: Höllviken No. 2 indicated that the lower part starts with up to 12 m of kaolinitic clay succeeded by a 15–20 m thick sequence of cross-bedded arkoses and light-coloured clays, being called Boserup beds or Thaumatopteris schenki zone (Pinuspollenites-Trachysporites Miospore Zone).[16][17] This beds are known from Boserup, but also from the central part of Helsingborg, the Köpinge No. 3 bore and even extent to the Höganäs region (northwest to Eslöv in the south).[7] This beds are overlain by some metres of arenaceous clays, iron claystone and calcareous sandstone with few intercalation of a coal seam (known as Tågaborg coal seam), where floral remains are also recovered such as Dictyophyllum nilssoni and Equisetites spp.[7][13] Then the layers turn into 5 m of argillaceous sandstone and 5 m slightly arenaceous clays, with a last 1 m of calcareous sandstone, on a sequence known from cliff series at Laröd-Sofiero at the north of Helsingborg, with plant remains such as Nilssonia polymorpha and Dictyophyllum nilssoni, referred to the Pinuspallenites-Trachysporites zone.[6] It also appears on Rosendal, Fleninge, Farhult and Klappe.[6] Helsingborg (Vossbäumer I 969). There is a coal seam, Tinkarpsflötsen, in the middle part of the sequence. The upper part of the Helsingborg Member starts with a 28 m thick sandstone, with a section known as Fleninge beds, that represent layers where marine ingressions were more common, with the last layers of the formation made up of sandstone, claystone and several minor coal seams.[6]
Fossil content
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Ichnofossils
| Genus | Species | Location | Material | Made By |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aulichnites[18] |
|
|
Dwelling structures |
|
| Diplichnites[18] |
|
|
Hypichnial trackway | |
| Diplocraterion[18] |
|
|
U-Shaped Burrows |
|
| Lockeia[18] |
|
|
Dwelling traces |
|
| Monocraterion[18] |
|
|
U-Shaped Burrows |
|
| Planolites[18] |
|
|
Horizontal burrows |
|
| Rhizocorallium[18] |
|
|
Tubular Fodinichnia |
|
| Skolithos[18] |
|
|
Sac/Bottle shaped burrows |
|
| Teichichnus[18] |
|
|
Dwelling traces |
|
Annelida
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Burejospermum[19] |
|
|
|
Cocoons |
Freshwater Clitellata Cocoons (Oligochaeta and Hirudinea) |
 .jpeg) |
|
"Cycadeospermum"[19] |
|
|
|
Cocoons | ||
|
Dictyothylakos[19] |
|
|
|
Cocoons |
Bivalves
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avicula[20] | A. nilssoni |
|
|
Shells | An Oyster member of Pteriidae | |
|
Cardinia[6] |
C. ingelensis |
|
|
Shells |
A Clam member of Cardiniidae inside Carditida. |
|
| Cercomya[21] | C. carlsoni |
|
|
Shells | A piddock member of Ceromyidae. | |
|
Eutrapetzium[6] |
E. pullastra |
|
|
Shells |
An Oyster member of Ostreidae. The local material assigned to this genus is now lost |
|
| Gervillia[20] | G. angelini |
|
|
Shells | An Oyster member of Bakevelliidae | |
|
L. hisingeri |
|
|
Shells |
An Oyster member of Ostreidae . The most common Bivalve found locally. |
 | |
| Mesodesma[20] | M. germari |
|
|
Shells | A Clam member of Mesodesmatidae inside Venerida. | |
|
M. hoffinanni |
|
|
Shells |
.jpg) | ||
| Mya[20] |
|
|
|
Shells | A Clam member of Myidae inside Myida. | |
| Pleuromya[20] | P. aquarum |
|
|
Shells | A Clam member of Pleuromyidae inside Myida. | |
| Protocardia[20] |
|
|
|
Shells | A Clam member of Protocardiinae inside Carditida. | |
| Venerupis[20] |
|
|
|
Shells | A Clam member of Veneridae inside Venerida. | .jpg) |
Insecta
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Angelinella[22] |
A. angelini |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A beetle, incertae sedis Archostemata |
|
|
Heeriaopsis[22] |
H. laevigatum |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A beetle, incertae sedis Archostemata |
|
|
Nannocurculionites[22] |
N. carlsoni |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A beetle, incertae sedis Archostemata. Originally identified as Curculionites carlsoni |
|
|
Parabuprestites[22] |
P. rugulosus |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A Beetle, member of the family Cupedidae. Originally identified as Buprestites rugulosus |
|
|
Pseudocarabites[22] |
P. deplanatus |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A Beetle, member of the family Carabidae. Originally identified as Carabites deplanatus. |
|
|
Pseudohydrophilites[22] |
P. nathorsti |
|
Bjuv member |
Elytrons |
A Beetle, member of the family Schizocoleidae. Originally identified as Hydrophilites nathorsti. |
Fish
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybodus[23] | H. sp. |
|
Helsingborg member |
|
A freshwater/marine member of Hybodontidae. |  |
| Hyllingea[24] | H. swanbergi |
|
Bjuv member |
|
A freshwater member of the family Acrolepidae. |  |
| Lissodus[23] | L. sp. |
|
Helsingborg member |
|
A freshwater/marine member of Lonchidiidae. | |
| Palaeoxyris[25] | P. muensteri |
|
|
|
A freshwater shark egg capsule, likely produced by members of Hybodontidae. The eggs are found in close association with Neocalamites stems (An ideal substrate to attach them).[25] | |
| Parvodus[23] | P. sp. |
|
Helsingborg member |
|
A freshwater/marine member of Lonchidiidae. | |
| Saurichthys[21] | S. acuminatus |
|
Bjuv member |
|
A freshwater member of the family Saurichthyidae. | .jpg) |
|
S. dubia |
|
Bjuv member (Rhaetian) |
|
A freshwater member of the family Scanilepididae. |
||
| Semionotus[21] | S. nilssoni |
|
Bjuv member |
|
A freshwater member of the family Semionotidae. |  |
Amphibia
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
G. pulcherrimus |
|
Bjuv member |
|
An amphibian, member of the family Plagiosauridae. Represents the only major tetrapod macrofossil from this layers. |
 |
Dinosauria
Tracks discovered in the Höganäs Formation have been assigned to the ichnogenus Grallator (Eubrontes) cf. giganteus, which were discovered in Rhaetian strata, and Grallator (Eubrontes) soltykovensis, which were discovered in Hettangian strata.[29] A few of the tracks were taken to museums, but most of them disappeared in natural floodings.[29]
After the end of a seven-year excavation project at Billesholm, researchers announced on 13 October 2022 the identification of seven dinosaur species based on fossil remains, out of which three species were new to science.[30] The fossils are yet to be analyzed and scientifically published.[31]
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Footprints |
Theropod tracks, type member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertae sedis inside Theropoda. Eubrontes tracks were likely made by Dilophosaurus-like theropods. |
 | |
|
|
|
Footprints |
Theropod tracks, member of the ichnofamily Eubrontidae, incertae sedis inside Neotheropoda. The footprints are small-sized, tridactyl and relatively narrow. Likely made by Coelophysidae-like dinosaurs. |
_Museum.jpg) | |
|
Indeterminate[2] |
|
Helsingborg member |
|
Incertae sedis Dinosaurian remains, suggested to be from an indeterminate Theropod |
||
|
Thyreophora? indet.[35] |
Indeterminate |
|
|
Footprints |
The tracks described resemble basal Thyreorphora feet. Some of the tracks were lost. |
 |
Flora
| Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Member | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allicospermum[36][37] |
|
|
|
Seeds | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. | |
| Anomozamites[36][38][39] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Williamsoniaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Antherangiopsis[40] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Antevsia[38][41] |
|
|
|
Reproductive structure | Peltaspermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Baiera[36] |
|
|
|
Isolated Leaves | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. |  |
| Beania[40] |
|
|
|
Reproductive structure | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Brachyphyllum[37] |
|
|
|
Leave Compressions | Hirmeriellaceae Pinales | |
| Camptopteris[38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Matoniaceae Gleicheniales | |
| Camptophyllum[36] |
|
|
|
Stems | Likely Lycopodiopsida | |
| Ctenis[38] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Ctenopteris[36] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Polypodiaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Cladophlebis[36][37][38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Osmundaceae Osmundales. |  |
| Clathropteris[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Dipteridaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Cycadites[36] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Cycadinocarpus[36][40] |
|
|
|
Seeds | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Cycadolepis[38] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Cycadocephalus[40] |
|
|
|
Seeds | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Cycadospadix[40] |
|
|
|
Seeds | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Cyparissidium[38][42] |
|
|
|
Fragmentary axis compressions with preserved leaves | Either Cupressales or Palissyales | |
| Czekanowskia[37] |
|
|
|
Reproductive Organs | Czekanowskiales Ginkgoales. | |
| Danaeopsis[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Marattiidae Marattiales | |
| Desmiophyllum[38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated Leaves | Incertade Sedis, maybe Palissyales | |
| Dictyophyllum[36][38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Dipteridaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Dioonites[40] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Doratophyllum[38] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadales Cycadopsida. | |
| Elatocladus[38][42] |
|
|
|
Fragmentary axis compressions with preserved leaves | Either Cupressales or Palissyales | |
| Equisetites[36][38][42] |
|
|
Stems | Equisetaceae Equisetales. | ||
| Ginkgoites[37][38][42] |
|
|
|
Leave Compressions | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. |  |
| Hausmannia[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Dipteridaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Hydropterangium[38][44] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Caytoniaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Komlopteris[36] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Corystospermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Lepidopteris[38][41] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Peltaspermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. |  |
| Lycopodites[38] |
|
|
|
Stems | Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiales | |
| Lycostrobus[45] |
|
|
|
Stems and cones | The youngest Pleuromiales |  |
| Marattiopsis[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Marattiidae Marattiales | |
| Neocalamites[37][38][42] |
|
|
|
Stems | Neocalamiteceae Equisetales | |
| Nilssonia[36][38][46] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadeoidaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Nilssoniopteris[38] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadeoidaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Palissya[36][47] |
|
|
|
Cones | Palissyales Pinales | |
| Peltaspermum[38][41] |
|
|
|
Reproductive structure | Corystospermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Phlebopteris[36][38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Matoniaceae Gleicheniales |  |
| Podozamites[36][38] |
|
|
|
Isolated Leaves | Krassiloviaceae Voltziales. |  |
| Ptilozamites[38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Corystospermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Pseudoctenis[38] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Cycadeoidaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Pseudotorellia[37] |
|
|
|
Leave Compressions | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. | |
| Pterophyllum[38][39][42] |
|
|
|
Leaflets | Williamsoniaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Pterygopteris[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Osmundaceae Osmundales. | |
| Rhaphidopteris[38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Corystospermaceae Pteridospermatophyta. | |
| Rhizomopteris[36][38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Dipteridaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Sagenopteris[36][38][44] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Caytoniaceae Pteridospermatophyta. |  |
| Schizolepis[38] |
|
|
|
Ovulate Strobili | Schizolepisaceae Pinaceae. | |
| Selaginellites[38] |
|
|
|
Stems | Selaginellaceae Selaginellales | |
| Simplicioxylon[48] |
|
|
|
Wood | Hirmeriellaceae Pinales | |
| Sorosaccus[37] |
|
|
|
Leave Compressions | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. | |
| Sphenobaiera[37][38][42] |
|
|
|
Leave Compressions | Ginkgoaceae Ginkgoales. | |
| Stachyotaxus[38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated Leaves | Palissyaceae Palissyales. | |
| Stenorachis[38][40] |
|
|
|
Reproductive Organs | Cycadeoidaceae Bennettitales. | |
| Swedenborgia[36] |
|
|
|
Isolated Leaves | Krassiloviaceae Voltziales. | |
| Thaumatopteris[36][38] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Dipteridaceae Polypodiales. | |
| Todites[38][42] |
|
|
|
Isolated pinnae | Osmundaceae Osmundales. | |
| Wielandiella[38][49] |
|
|
|
Female Bennetite "flower" | Williamsoniaceae Bennettitales. | _p167_Wielandiella.png) |
See also
References
- ↑ Troedsson, G. T. (1934). "Undersökning av möjligheten att erhålla grundvatten från Hälsingborgstraktens berggrund". Hälsingborgs S tadsfullm. 1 (1): 25–30.
- 1 2 Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
- ↑ Gierliński, Gerard; Pieńkowski, Grzegorz; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz (2004). "Tetrapod Track Assemblage in the Hettangian of Sołtyków, Poland, and its Paleoenvironmental Background". Ichnos. 11 (3–4): 195–213. Bibcode:2004Ichno..11..195G. doi:10.1080/10420940490444861. ISSN 1042-0940.
- ↑ Petersen & Lindström, 2012, p.8
- ↑ Petersen & Lindström, 2012, p.9
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sivhed, Ulf (1984). "Litho-and biostratigraphy of the Upper Triassic-Middle Jurassic in Scania, southern Sweden" (PDF). Sveriges geologiska undersökning. 31 (12): 31–50. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Troedsson, G.T. (1950). On rhythmic sedimentation in the Rhaetic-Liassic beds of Sweden (PDF) (1 ed.). London: lnt. Geol. Congr. Rep. XVIII S ession. pp. 64–72. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 Bölau, E. (1959). "Der Sudwest- und Slidostrand des Ballisehen Schildes (Schonen und Ostbaltikum)". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 7 (1–2): 167–230. doi:10.1080/11035895909449146.
- ↑ McElwain, J. C.; Beerling, D. J.; Woodward, F. I. (1999-08-27). "Fossil Plants and Global Warming at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary". Science. 285 (5432): 1386–1390. doi:10.1126/science.285.5432.1386. PMID 10464094.
- ↑ Lundblad, Britta (1959). "Rhaeto-Liassic floras and their bearing on the stratigraphy of Triassic-Jurassic rocks". STHLM. Contrib. Geol. 16 (1): 83–102.
- ↑ Nathorst, A.G. (1878–1886). "Om floran i Skånes kolförande bildningar. l. Floran vid Bjuf" (PDF). Sver. Geol. Unders. 27 (33): 0–131. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 Vajda, V.; Calner, M.; Ahlberg, A. (2013). "Palynostratigraphy of dinosaur footprint-bearing deposits from the Triassic–Jurassic boundary interval of Sweden" (PDF). GFF. 135 (1): 120–130. Bibcode:2013GFF...135..120V. doi:10.1080/11035897.2013.799223. S2CID 129572814. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 Troedsson, Gustaf (1943-01-01). "Om gränsen mellan rät och lias i Skåne". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 65 (3): 271–284. doi:10.1080/11035894309451813. ISSN 0016-786X.
- ↑ Lindström, S.; Erlström, M. (2006-11-14). "The late Rhaetian transgression in southern Sweden: Regional (and global) recognition and relation to the Triassic–Jurassic boundary". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 241 (3): 339–372. Bibcode:2006PPP...241..339L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.006. ISSN 0031-0182.
- ↑ Norling (1982). "Post-Palaeozoic Tectonics of Scania. In Bergström el al.: Guide to excursions in Scania". Sver. Geol. Unders. Ca. 54 (1): 28–48.
- ↑ Hermelin, S.G. (1773). "Anmärkningar om Boserups Stenkols-Grufva, och de öfvriga Stenkolsförsök uti Skåne". Kungl. V et. Akad. Hand!. 1 (1): 236–254.
- ↑ Lund, J. (1977). "Rhaetic to Lower Liassic palynology of the onshore south-eastern North Sea Basin". Danm. G Eol. U Nders., II Raekke. 109 (1): 128. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pieńkowski, G. (1991). "Eustatically-controlled sedimentation in the Hettangian-Sinemurian (Early Jurassic) of Poland and Sweden". Sedimentology. 38 (3): 503–518. Bibcode:1991Sedim..38..503P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1991.tb00364.x. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 Svein, B.; Mahendra, N. Bose; Roy, T. Sawyer (1991). "Clitellate cocoons in freshwater deposits since the Triassic" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 20 (4): 347–366. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00300.x. S2CID 83998036. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Troedsson, Gustaf (1948-01-01). "Om fynd av rätiska fossil i Skåne". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 70 (4): 528–550. doi:10.1080/11035894809445151. ISSN 0016-786X.
- 1 2 3 Troedsson, Gustaf Timoteus (1951). On the Höganäs Series of Sweden (Rhaeto-Lias) (PDF). Mineralogisk- och Paleontologisk-Geologiska Institutionerna, Lund. p. 135.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Heer, O. (1878). "Ueber einige Insektenreste aus der raetischen Formation Schonens". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 4 (1): 192–197. doi:10.1080/11035897809446246. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 Fischer, J. (2008). "Brief synopsis of the hybodont form taxon Lissodus Brough, 1935, with remarks on the environment and associated fauna". Freiberger Forschungshefte. 528 (1): 1–23. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ↑ Aldinger, Dr. Hermann (1983). "Le genre Hyllingea Aldinger du Rhetien de la Scanie". Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala. 9 (1): 13–26.
- 1 2 Krüger, Ashley; Slater, Sam; Vajda, Vivi (2021-07-03). "3D imaging of shark egg cases (Palaeoxyris) from Sweden with new insights into Early Jurassic shark ecology". GFF. 143 (2–3): 229–247. Bibcode:2021GFF...143..229K. doi:10.1080/11035897.2021.1907442. ISSN 1103-5897. S2CID 237716825.
- ↑ Lehman, J. P. (1980). "Le genre Scanilepis Aldinger du Rhétien de la Scanie (Suède)". Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala. 8 (1): 113–133.
- ↑ Ørvig, T. (1978). "Microstructure and growth of the dermal skeleton in fossil actinopterygian fishes: Birgeria and Scanilepis". Zoologica Scripta. 7 (1–4): 33–56. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1978.tb00587.x. S2CID 85412731. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ↑ Nilsson, T. (1946). "A new find of Gerrothorax rhaeticus Nillson, a plagiosaurid from the Rhaetic of Scania" (PDF). Lunds Universitates Arsskrift. 42 (10): 1–49. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Gierliński, G.; Ahlberg, A. (1994), "Late Triassic and Early Jurassic dinosaur footprints in the Höganäs Formation of southern Sweden", Ichnos, 3 (2): 1–99, Bibcode:1994Ichno...3...99G, doi:10.1080/10420949409386377
- ↑ Melin, Simon (2022-10-13). "Unika fyndet: Tre nya dinosaurier upptäckta i Billesholm". SVT Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-10-13.
- ↑ "Dinosauriefynd i Skåne skriver om historien". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). 12 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
- ↑ Ahlberg, A.; Siverson, M. (1991). "Lower Jurassic dinosaur footprints in Helsingborg, southern Sweden". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 113 (6): 339–340. doi:10.1080/11035899109453209. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ↑ Pleijel., C. (1975). "Nya dinosauriefotspår från Skånes Rät-Lias" (PDF). Fauna och Flora. 3 (3–5): 116–120. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ↑ Bölau, E. (1954). "The first finds of dinosaurian skeletal remains in the Rhaetic-Liassic of N.W. Scania". Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 76 (3): 501–502. doi:10.1080/11035895409453571. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ↑ Milàn, J.; Gierlinski, G. (2004). "A probable thyreophoran (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) footprint from the Upper Triassic of southern Sweden". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 51 (1): 71–75. Bibcode:2004BuGSD..51...71M. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2004-51-05. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Nathorst, AG (1876). "Bidrag till Sveriges fossila flora Växter från rätiska formationen vid Pålsjö i Skåne". Kungl Sven VetenskapsakadHandl. 14: 1–82.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Quiroz-Cabascango, Daniela; Vajda, Vivi; McLoughlin, Stephen; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz (2026-06-01). "Earliest Jurassic plant assemblages from Sweden reveal a low-diversity ginkgoalean and cheirolepid flora dominating the post-extinction landscape". Annals of Botany. 137 (6): 1797–1816. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaf143. ISSN 1095-8290. PMC 13275009. PMID 40632901.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Lundblad, A. B. (1950). "Studies in the Rhaeto-Liassic Floras of Sweden I (Pteridophyta, Pteridospermae, and Cycadophyta from the mining district of NW Scania)". Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. 1 (8): 1–82.
- 1 2 Pott, C.; McLoughlin, S. (2009). "Bennettitalean foliage in the Rhaetian–Bajocian (latest Triassic–Middle Jurassic) floras of Scania, southern Sweden". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 158 (1–2): 117–166. Bibcode:2009RPaPa.158..117P. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.08.004. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nathorst, A.G. (1902). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis einiger mesozoischen Cycadophyten Kungliga Svenska". Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. 36: 1–28.
- 1 2 3 Vajda, Vivi; McLoughlin, Stephen; Slater, Sam M.; Gustafsson, Ola; Rasmusson, Allan G. (2024-04-15). "Confirmation that Antevsia zeilleri microsporangiate organs associated with latest Triassic Lepidopteris ottonis (Peltaspermales) leaves produced Cycadopites-Monosulcites-Chasmatosporites- and Ricciisporites-type monosulcate pollen". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 640 112111. Bibcode:2024PPP...64012111V. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112111. ISSN 0031-0182.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pott, Christian; Mcloughlin, Stephen (2011). "The Rhaetian flora of Rögla, northern Scania, Sweden". Palaeontology. 54 (5): 1025–1051. Bibcode:2011Palgy..54.1025P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01090.x. ISSN 1475-4983.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Halle, T. G. (1908). Zur kenntnis der mesozoischen Equisitales Schwedens. Almqvist & Wiksells boktryckeri-a.-b..
- 1 2 Halle, T. G. (1910). "On the Swedish species of Sagenopteris Presl and of Hydropterangium nov. gen". Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. 45 (7): 1–16.
- ↑ Peng, Jungang; Slater, Sam M.; McLoughlin, Stephen; Rastier, Alexis; Vajda, Vivi (2026-08-11). "Global proliferation of opportunistic pleuromeian lycopsids following the disappearance of the end-Triassic forests". npj Palaeoecosystems. 1 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/s44513-026-00002-8. ISSN 3091-390X.
- ↑ Nathorst, A. G. (1909). "Über die Gattung Nilssonia Brongn: mit besonderer" (PDF). Berücksichtigung schwedischer Arten. 43 (12): 1–44.
- ↑ Pattemore, G.A.; Rigby, J.F.; Playford, G. (2014). "Palissya: A global review and reassessment of Eastern Gondwanan material". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 210: 50–61. Bibcode:2014RPaPa.210...50P. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.08.002. ISSN 0034-6667.
- ↑ Philippe, Marc; Barbacka, Maria; Gradinaru, Eugen; Iamandei, Eugenia; Iamandei, Stãnilã; Kázmér, Miklós; Popa, Mihai; Szakmány, György; Tchoumatchenco, Platon; Zatoń, Michal (2006). "Fossil wood and Mid-Eastern Europe terrestrial palaeobiogeography during the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous interval". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 142 (1–2): 15–32. Bibcode:2006RPaPa.142...15P. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.05.003. ISSN 0034-6667.
- ↑ Pott, C. (2014). "A revision of Wielandiella angustifolia, a shrub-sized bennettite from the Rhaetian-Hettangian of Scania, Sweden, and Jameson Land, Greenland". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 175 (4): 467–499. Bibcode:2014IJPlS.175..467P. doi:10.1086/675577. S2CID 83990083. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
Bibliography
- Petersen, Henrik I.; Lindström, Sofie (2012), "Synchronous Wildfire Activity Rise and Mire Deforestation at the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary", PLoS ONE, 7 (10): 1–15, Bibcode:2012PLoSO...747236P, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047236, PMC 3471965, PMID 23077574
- Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
| Ph |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
