Guacamayo plump toad
| Guacamayo plump toad | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Head shape in lateral view of female Osornophryne guacamayo | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Osornophryne |
| Species: | O. guacamayo |
| Binomial name | |
| Osornophryne guacamayo Hoogmoed, 1987 | |
The Guacamayo plump toad or sapo de Guacamayo (Osornophryne guacamayo) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It occurs in the montane forests of Colombia and Ecuador. The species was named after guacamayo, the Ecuadorian word for a macaw.
Description
The maximum snout-vent length is 40.7 millimetres (1.60 in) in females, and 23.5 millimetres (0.93 in) in males. The dorsum and flanks are smooth, and the eyelids have many warts.[2]
The dorsum is dark brown to black, and may have yellow or pale brown stripes. In males, the underside is pale to dark brown, and has yellow warts. In females, the underside is yellow with black spots, or black with yellow spots.[2]
The feet are red to brown. The iris is black, and has a reddish-gold ring.[2]
Behaviour
At night, the toadlets perch on low vegetation, tree roots, and tree trunks. They have been found on ferns, bromeliads, and epiphytes. The call is a soft trill, with around seventeen pulses.[2]
Its diet includes a wide variety of invertebrates, including ants, beetles, and orthoptera. The toads may forage on the ground.[2]
The toads reproduce by direct development. Females lay thirty-fine to fifty unpigmented eggs. Juveniles have been found during June and August.[2]
Habitat
The Guacamayo plump toad's natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is currently threatened by habitat loss,[1] and has a fragmented distribution.[2]
The species may be adapted for locomotion in rocky habitats. The type series of O. guacamayo was collected on “moss in rock crevices”[3] in the Andes mountains.[2]
Etymology
The species' scientific name is derived from guacamayo, the Ecuadorian name for a macaw. The name refers to the toad's colours, and its type locality.[2]
References
- 1 2 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022). "Osornophryne guacamayo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T54857A85881351. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Coloma, Luis A.; Duellman, William E. (2025). "6 Family Bufonidae (Toads, Toadlets, Froglets, and Harlequin Frogs)". Amphibians of Ecuador (1st ed.). CRC Press. doi:10.1201/9781003543886. ISBN 9781003543886. Retrieved 31 May 2026.
- ↑ Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.; Gluesenkamp, Andrew G (December 2010). "A new Andean Toad of the genus Osornophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from northwestern Ecuador, with taxonomic remarks on the genus". Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierías. 2 (3): 64–73.