Gavlan, Urmia

Gavlan
Persian: گولان
Village
Church of Mariyukhna-ye Gavlan
Church of Mariyukhna-ye Gavlan
Gavlan is located in Iran
Gavlan
Gavlan
Location within Iran
Coordinates: 37°57′25″N 44°59′41″E / 37.95694°N 44.99472°E / 37.95694; 44.99472[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceWest Azerbaijan
CountyUrmia
DistrictAnzal
Rural DistrictAnzal-e Jonubi
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
1,155
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Gavlan (Persian: گولان, romanized: Gavlān;[3] Syriac: Gāwīlan)[4][a] is a village in Anzal-e Jonubi Rural District of Anzal District in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran.[7] It is inhabited by Kurdish-speaking Christian Assyrians, Sunni Muslim Kurds, and Shia Muslim Turks.[6] There are three churches in the village and one mosque used by the Sunni and Shia Muslims.[6]

History

The Church of St. John at Gāwīlan is believed to date to between the 4th and 7th century AD.[8] The Church of Mār Yōḥannān at Gāwīlan has been tentatively identified with the Monastery of Mār Yōḥannān at which Shimun IX Dinkha was elected as patriarch in 1580 and wrote a profession of faith in 1585.[9]

Gāwīlan was inhabited by 55 Church of the East Christian families and was served by the Church of Mār Yōḥannān with no priests in 1862, according to the Russian archimandrite Sophoniah.[10] There were 44 Church of the East Christian families with 3 priests and 1 church in 1877, as per Edward Lewes Cutts.[11]

It was populated by 1000 Chaldean Catholics and was served by 3 priests and 1 church as part of the Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Salmas in 1913.[12] Prior to the First World War, there were 200 Assyrian houses at Gāwīlan, as per the list presented by Agha Petros to the Lausanne Peace Conference in 1922.[13] Basil Nikitin, the Russian consul at Urmia, recorded that the village was entirely populated by Christians just before the First World War.[14]

Ecclesiastical history

Gāwīlan may be the diocese of Cian or Giennum, suffragan of the metropolis of Espurgan mentioned in a letter of Patriarch Abdisho IV Maron sent to Pope Pius IV in 1562 as one of the dioceses that recognised his authority.[15] Gāwīlan was the seat of the diocese of Anzel whose bishops were traditionally called Yōḥannān.[16] The diocese is traced back to Yōḥannān, metropolitan of Urmia, who was one of the three metropolitans who witnessed Patriarch Eliya VII's Catholic profession of faith at the Rabban Hormizd Monastery in 1586.[17]

The bishop Yōḥannān of Anzel was previously the superior of the Monastery of Mār Ezekiel near Rustāqa in the Shemsdīn district according to colophons of 1804 and 1815; he died shortly before 1755.[18] In 1831, the bishop Yōḥannān of Anzel resided at the village of Jamalabad instead of Gāwīlan.[19] The American missionary Justin Perkins met Yōḥannān at Gāwīlan in October 1834.[20] Yōḥannān had a nāṭar kursyā.[21] The bishop Yōḥannān of Anzel fled to England in 1882 following an attack on Gāwīlan by Kurds.[19]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,084 in 263 households.[22] The following census in 2011 counted 1,139 people in 292 households.[23] The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,155 people in 302 households.[2]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Also known as Anzel, Gavilan, Gāvīlan, Gawlan, Gawalan, and Karilann.[5][6]

Citations

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (3 November 2025). "Gevlen, دهستان انزل جنوبی, بخش انزل [Anzal-e Jonubi Rural District, Anzal District], Urumia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 3 November 2025.
  2. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان آذربایجان غربی [General Population and Housing Census 2016: West Azerbaijan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Gavlan at GEOnet Names Server
  4. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 296.
  5. ↑ Hellot-Bellier (2017), pp. 86–87; Wilmshurst (2000), p. 328; Gaunt (2006), p. 432; Al-Jeloo (2015), p. 18; Fiey (1993), p. 82.
  6. 1 2 3 "A village in Urmia where Kurds, Turks and Assyrians coexist". Rudaw. 23 June 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2026.
  7. ↑ Mousavi, Mir-Hossein (22 April 1987) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1366/02/02 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ایجاد و تشکیل 20 دهستان شامل روستاها، مزارع و مکانهای در شهرستان ارومیه تابع استان آذربایجان غربی [‌Creation and formation of 20 rural districts including villages, farms and places in Urmia County under West Azerbaijan province]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. شناسه [ID] 7DD016E4-E840-4986-9FDD-044DD3A0B2EE. شماره دوره [Course number] 66. Archived from the original on 2 November 2025. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  8. ↑ Al-Jeloo (2015), p. 18.
  9. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 327.
  10. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 329.
  11. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 331.
  12. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 326.
  13. ↑ Gaunt (2006), p. 417.
  14. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 328.
  15. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), pp. 312, 349; Fiey (1993), p. 82.
  16. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 312.
  17. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 318.
  18. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 306.
  19. 1 2 Wilmshurst (2000), p. 319.
  20. ↑ Becker (2015), p. 83.
  21. ↑ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 277.
  22. ↑ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان آذربایجان غربی [General Population and Housing Census 2006: West Azerbaijan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  23. ↑ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان آذربایجان غربی [General Population and Housing Census 2011: West Azerbaijan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.

Bibliography

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