Euphorinae

Euphorinae
Peristenus digoneutis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Euphorinae
Förster, 1862
Tribes

Several, see text

Pygostolus
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The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.[1]

Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.[2]

Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.

Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.[3]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae.[2] By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini.[4] Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017).[5] Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae.[6] Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy.[7] In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini.[8] Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.[9]

The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.

Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.[10]

Genera

The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:

  • Stenope van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018[11]

Tribe Centistini Čapek, 1970

  • Allurus Förster, 1862[12]
  • Asiacentistes Belokobylskij, 1995[12]
  • Centistes Haliday, 1835[12]
  • Centistoides van Achterberg, 1992[12]
  • †Parasyrrhizus Brues, 1933[13]

Tribe Cosmophorini Čapek, 1958

  • Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848[6]
  • Cryptoxilos Viereck, 1911[6]
  • Plynops Shaw, 1996[6]
  • Ropalophorus Curtis, 1837[6]
  • Sinuatophorus van Achterberg, 2000
  • Tuberidelus Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[6]

Tribe Dinocampini Shaw, 1985

  • Betelgeuse Shaw, 1988[6]
  • Centistina Enderlein, 1912[6]
  • Dinocampus Förster, 1862[6]
  • Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902[6]
  • Yanayacu Zhang & Chen, 2015[6][14]

Tribe Eadyini van Achterberg, 2000

  • Eadya Huddleston & Short, 1978[7]

Tribe Ecnomiini van Achterberg, 1985

  • Ecnomios Mason, 1979[6]
  • Korecnomios Park & van Achterberg, 1994[6]

Tribe Euphorini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907

Tribe Myiocephalini Chen & van Achterberg, 1997

  • Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897[1]

Tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson, 1918

  • Elasmosoma Ruthe, 1858[13]
  • †Elasmosomites Brues, 1933[13]
  • Euneoneurus Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]
  • Kollasmosoma van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993[13]
  • Neoneurus Haliday, 1838[13]
  • Parelasmosoma Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]

†Tribe Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987

  • †Oncometeorus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Perilitini Förster, 1862

  • †Meteorites Brues, 1939[10]
  • Microctonus Wesmael, 1835[6]
  • Notioperilitus Belokobylskij, 2018[15]
  • †Onychoura Brues, 1933[10]
  • Orionis Shaw, 1987[6]
  • Perilitus Nees, 1818[6]
  • Rilipertus Haeselbarth, 1996[6]
  • Spathicopis van Achterberg, 1977[6]
  • Stenothremma Shaw, 1984[6]

Tribe Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995

  • Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995[5]
  • Paramannokeraia van Achterberg & Quicke, 2017[5]
  • Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995[5]

†Tribe Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987

  • †Prosyntretus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Pygostolini Belokobylskij, 2000

Tribe Syntretini Shaw, 1985

  • Bracteodes De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993[6]
  • Syntretellus De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Syntretomorpha Papp, 1962[6]
  • Syntretoriana Parrott, 1953[6]
  • Syntretus Förster, 1862[6]

Tribe Townesilitini Shaw, 1985

  • Gretiella Stigenberg, 2021[8]
  • Heia Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[8]
  • Marshiella Shaw, 1985[8]
  • Proclithrophorus Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981[8]
  • Streblocera Westwood, 1833[8]
  • Townesilitus Haeselbarth & Loan, 1983[8]

References

  1. 1 2 Li, Jun; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Zheng, Min-Lin; Chen, Jia-Hua (2020). "A new species of Myiocephalus Marshall (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China". ZooKeys (933): 95–105. Bibcode:2020ZooK..933...95L. doi:10.3897/zookeys.933.49607. PMC 7248133. PMID 32508490.
  2. 1 2 Shaw, Scott Richard (1997). "Subfamily Euphorinae". In Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (eds.). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington, DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 69. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
  3. ↑ Shaw, Scott Richard (1988). "A new Mexican genus and species of Dinocampini with serrate antennae (Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Euphorinae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 95 (3–4): 289–298. doi:10.1155/1988/98545.
  4. ↑ Ameri, Ali; Talebi, Ali Asghar; Rakhshani, Ehsan; Beyarslan, Ahmet; Kamali, Karim (2014). "A survey of Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of southern Iran, with description of a new species". Zootaxa. 3900 (3): 415–428. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.5. PMID 25543746.
  5. 1 2 3 4 van Achterberg, Cornelis; Quicke, Donald L.J.; Boring, Charles Andrew (2017). "A revision of the tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae), with description of a new genus from Australia". ZooKeys (718): 65–94. doi:10.3897/zookeys.718.21151. PMC 5740435. PMID 29290713.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Stigenberg, Julia; Boring, Charles Andrew; Ronquist, Fredrik (2015). "Phylogeny of the parasitic wasp subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) and evolution of its host preferences". Systematic Entomology. 40 (3): 570–591. Bibcode:2015SysEn..40..570S. doi:10.1111/syen.12122.
  7. 1 2 Chen, Xue-xin; van Achterberg, Corenlis (2019). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Braconid Wasps: 30 Years of Progress". Annual Review of Entomology. 64 (1): 335–358. Bibcode:2019AREnt..64..335C. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111856. PMID 30332295.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stigenberg, Julia; van Achterberg, Cornelis (2021). "A new Euphorinae genus Gretiella Stigenberg gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) described from Papua New Guinea". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 142: 201–205. Retrieved 2025-07-06.
  9. ↑ Bendixen, Lennart; Shaw, Mark R. (2024). "Are Dermaptera the hosts of the genus Orionis S.R. Shaw (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)?". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 160 (4): 263–265. doi:10.31184/M00138908.1604.4279.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Hovorka, Tomáš (2022). "A new fossil euphorine genus and species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the longest known ovipositor from Dominican amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 93: 71–80. Bibcode:2022JHymR..93...71B. doi:10.3897/jhr.93.90545.
  11. ↑ van Achterberg, Cornelis; Ang, Yuchen; Reshchikov, Alexey; Yue, Qi (2018). "Stenope, a new euphorine genus from the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Zootaxa. 4442 (3): 479–484. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4442.3.9. PMID 30313977.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Vasilenko, Dmitry V.; Perkovsky, Evgeny E. (2024). "The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 97 (15–27): 15. Bibcode:2024JHymR..97...15B. doi:10.3897/jhr.97.115789.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Dubovikoff, Dmitry A.; Manukyan, Andranik; Zharkov, Dmitry M. (2021). "Braconid parasitoids of ants (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini) from Baltic amber with a discussion of records of fossil larvae parasitizing ant workers". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 84: 29–43. Bibcode:2021JHymR..84...29B. doi:10.3897/jhr.84.67749.
  14. ↑ Zhang, Jing; Chen, Dao-Wei (2015). "New substitute name for the genus Napo Shaw, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)". Zootaxa. 3946 (1): 149. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.10. PMID 25947681.
  15. ↑ Belokobylskij, Sergey A. (2018). "Notioperilitus gen. nov., a new braconid genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from Australia, parasitoid of adult Morabinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae), with remarks on the generic placement of two Afrotropical euphorine species". Zootaxa. 4441 (2): 298–310. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.6. PMID 30314011.
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