Ethalia

Ethalia
Two views of a shell of Ethalia sanguinea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Trochidae
Subfamily: Umboniinae
Genus: Ethalia
H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 [1]
Type species
Rotella guamensis
Quoy & Gaimard, 1834
Synonyms
  • Teinostoma (Ethalia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 superseded rank
  • Trochus (Liotrochus) P. Fischer, 1878 junior subjective synonym
  • Umbonium (Ethalia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854

Ethalia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Umboniinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.[2]

Description

The species are moderate-sized. The orbicular shell is turbinately depressed. The whorls are convex, smooth or transversely striated, the last one rounded at the periphery. They have a mottled or streaked color-pattern. The umbilicus is partly closed by a callus deposit. The columellar lip ends anteriorly in an obtuse dilated callus. The callus emitted at the columellar-parietal angle of the aperture is tongue-shaped, closing the umbilicus except a rather narrow chink, or even entirely, in some species.[3]

(More recent description) The shell is relatively large for the subfamily Umboniinae (up to 25 mm in diameter); It is lenticular, globose-lenticular, or subglobose; the surface is smooth and glossy, or dull with fine, closely spaced spiral lirae; the axial sculptureis weak or nearly obsolete. The umbilicus is usually present, commonly bordered by a thickened rim and variably obstructed by a callus deposition associated with the umbilical funicle and parietal lip. The outer lip is simple, with a smooth inner surface lacking denticles or lirae. The operculum is corneous, thick, multispiral but only loosely coiled; whorl overlap narrow, the peripheral fringe is scarcely developed, and spiral microsculpture is absent. The radula is with relatively robust base-plates on both the rachidian and lateral teeth; inner marginal tooth transitional, bearing a reduced terminal cusp. Outer marginal teeth with 3–10 principal cusps, dominated by a large, bluntly lanceolate central denticle that is flanked basally on its outer side by one or two smaller accessory denticles. The ctenidium is bipectinate, with the anterior portion remaining free. [4]

Distribution

This marine genus occurs in the Central and East Indian Ocean, off East Africa, off Indo-Malaysia, and off Australia.

Species

Species within the genus Ethalia include:

Species brought into synonymy
  • Ethalia (Ethaliella) Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Ethaliella Pilsbry, 1905
  • Ethalia africana E. A. Smith, 1904: synonym of Teinostoma africanum (E. A. Smith, 1904) (original combination)
  • Ethalia atomaria A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Teinostoma atomaria (A. Adams, 1861) (original combination)
  • Ethalia brazieri Angas, 1877: synonym of Rotostoma brazieri (Angas, 1877)
  • Ethalia candida A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Leucorhynchia candida (A. Adams, 1862)
  • Ethalia capillata Gould, 1862: synonym of Ethaliella capillata (Gould, 1862)
  • Ethalia carinata P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Solariorbis carinatus (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
  • Ethalia diotrephes Melvill, 1910 : synonym of Teinostoma diotrephes (Melvill, 1910) (original combination)
  • Ethalia floccata G. B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of Ethaliella floccata (Sowerby, 1903)
  • Ethalia jucunda Melvill, 1904: synonym of Teinostoma jucundum (Melvill, 1904) (superseded combination)
  • Ethalia lirata E.A. Smith, 1871: synonym of Leucorhynchia lirata (E.A. Smith, 1871)
  • Ethalia multistriata A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of Solariorbis multistriatus (A. E. Verrill, 1884)
  • Ethalia pallidula P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Teinostoma pallidulum (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
  • Ethalia perspicua A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Teinostoma perspicuum (A. Adams, 1861)
  • Ethalia philippii (A. Adams, 1855): synonym of Monilea philippii A. Adams, 1855
  • Ethalia plicata E. A. Smith, 1872: synonym of Leucorhynchia plicata (E. A. Smith, 1872)
  • Ethalia pulchella (A. Adams, 1855): synonym of Ethaliella pulchella (A. Adams, 1855)
  • Ethalia pusilla (H. Adams, 1869): synonym of Cancellaria pusilla H. Adams, 1869: synonym of Brocchinia canariensis Rolán & Hernández, 2009 (superseded combination)
  • Ethalia pyricallosa P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Solariorbis pyricallosus (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
  • Ethalia rhodomphala E. A. Smith, 1903: synonym of Ethaliella rhodomphala (E. A. Smith, 1903) (original combination)
  • Ethalia sobrina A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Lissotesta sobrina (A. Adams, 1861)
  • Ethalia supravallata P. P. Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Teinostoma supravallatum (P. P. Carpenter, 1864)
  • Ethalia tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1877: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior synonym)

References

  1. ↑ A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1853, p. 189.
  2. ↑ Ethalia H. & A. Adams, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 28 November 2012.
  3. ↑ Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  4. ↑ Herbert, D.G. (2024). "The Umboniinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species, plus an additional new species from the Bismarck Sea". European Journal of Taxonomy (973): 7.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is under a CC BY 4.0 license.
  5. ↑ Ethalia catharinae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 1 May 2010.
  • Wilson, B., 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
  • Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (1999) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 749 pp.
  • Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506.
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