Dollah Darya Khan

Jam
Darya Khan
دلا دریا هان ,دولہ دریا خان
Regent of the Samma Ruler
In office
1490–1512
MonarchsJam Feroz, Jam Nizamuddin II
Personal details
Died1521 (1522)
Fatehpur, Sindh, Samma Dynasty
ChildrenMahmud Khan Qabulio, Motan/Matin Khan Qabulio
OccupationGeneral, Noble, Courtman
Military service
Branch/serviceQabulio Samma
Years of service
1490–1521
RankCommanding General
CommandsSamma Army
Battles/warsBattle of Jalwakhir
Battle of Fatehpur

Dollah Darya Khan (Sindhi: دولہ دریا خان:Balochi: دلا دريا هان) was a general in the Samma Dynasty of Sindh era, a statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler Jam Feroz.[1][2][3]

Darya Khan was killed in action in the Battle of Fatehpur when an arrow struck his throat, thus ending the reign of Jam Feroz as an independent ruler.

Military service

Darya Khan was a prominent statesman and military commander in the Samma period of Sindh. Originally purchased as a youth by Jam Nizamuddin (Jam Nindo) from Diwan Lakhdir. He rose to the position of Prime Minister and Commander in Chief

According to a one version Darya Khan belonged to the Lashari branch of the Baloch and was descended from Mir Fateh Khan Lashari, who is said to have been the chief of a territory situated between Sistan and Makran. [2][3][4]According to other version he belonged to Qabuliyo tribe of Sindhi origin.[5][6][7]

In the Mughal Empire days, Sultan Husayn Bayqara, of Khurasan, responding to complaints of the Central Asian merchants of Herat and Qandhar that they had been looted by Sindhis, sent an armed expedition to the Sind border. A declaration of victory was issued in Herat in 892 A.H. (1487 A.D.). The latter captured Sibi Fort from Bahadur Khan and installed his brother Sultan Mohammad, who was later defeated and killed by Darya Khan near Jalwagir in the Bolan Pass.[8][9]

Jam Nizamuddin died after 48 years of rule of Sind and was succeeded by his son Nasiruddin Abul Fatah Feroz Shah-II. At that time, Jam Feroz had neglected affairs of state and refused the advice of Darya Khan, who retired to his Jagir in the village Ghaha (Kahan near Sehwan).[9][10] These failures brought his defeat at the hands of Salahuddin who became Sindh's ruler. Feroz Shah, along with his mother Madina Machhani went over to Ghaha to Darya Khan, who at the request of Madina agreed to help. He collected troops from Sehwan, but lost to Haji, the Minister of Jam Salahuddin. The Minister's letter about the success fell into the hands of Darya Khan, who replaced it, conveying to Salahuddin that the Minister's forces had been defeated. Darya Khan then moved Feroz Shah to Thatta and installed him as 1st Shawwal, 918 A.H. (2 October 1512 A.D.). Salahuddin then returned to Gujarat. He remained in possession of Thatta for about eight months and collected a large sum of money from Thatta and organized another battle.[11][3]

Last days of Darya Khan

Records of his last days include:

Tahiri:

that the courtiers being jealous of his power and position persuaded Feroz Shah to crush him, but the latter finding himself incapable avoided any direct conflict; so they approached Feroz's mother Madina Machhani advising her to invite the Mongols and Arghuns to free Sindh from the power of Darya Khan. According to this plan, Madina invited Shah Beg from Qandahar. Shah Beg took the Baghban-Sehwan route and encountered Darya Khan near the 'Khan Wan' canal which he had himself built to irrigate the lands of village Sankorah (Sakro) and other areas (of Thatta and Sakro Talukas). Darya Khan was killed while fighting bravely when an arrow hit him in the throat. Feroz Shah kept aloof.[12]


Shrine

The shrine of Dollah Darya Khan is in Makli graveyard in Thatta, near the grave of Jam Nizamuddin II. An inscription at the north of Mubarak Khan's grave calls him Al Khanul Azam Wa Shahid Mubarak Khan Ibn Sultan Nizamuddin.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Seyfeydinovich, Asimov, Muhammad (1992). History of Civilizations of Central Asia Volume 3. Unesco Publishing. p. 302.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 Baloch, N. A.; Rafi, A. Q. (1998). History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 4: THE REGIONS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN, MULTAN AND KASHMIR: THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING (PDF). Unesco. p. 305. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
  3. 1 2 3 Hasan, Shaikh Khurshid (1996). Chaukhandi Tombs in Pakistan. Royal Book Company. p. 10,87,96,166. ISBN 9789694072081.
  4. ↑ The Samma Kingdom of Sindh. Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro. 2006. pp. 107, 110, 118, 133, 135. ISBN 9789694050782.
  5. ↑ The Samma Kingdom of Sindh: Historical Studies. Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro. 2006. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-969-405-078-2. Very little is known about the early life of Darya Khan. He has been mentioned in the various histories of Sindh, viz. Tarikhi-Masoomi, Beglar Nama, Tarikh-i-Tahiri and Tuhfat-ul-Karam.Tarikh-i-Masoomi has mentioned him as trustworthy slave of Jam Nizamuddin. According to Tarikh-i-Tahiri his original name was. Qabuliyo and he was an ordinary servant. According to a.traditional tribal account of Lashari Baluch, as put by Dr. N.A.Baloch, "After the death of MirFateh Khan Lashari, the ruler of Seistan and Makran, his state was divided into two parts. Both states were ruled by the two brothers named Mir Moin Khan and Mir Abdul Razak Khan respectively. Darya Khan's father Laung Khan descended from the family of Mir Moin Khan. Darya Khanand Sarang Khan both were brothers who entered in the Royal service at Thatta in their early ages. According to Mir Masoom, the author of Tarikh-i-Masoomi who says that both the brothers Darya Khan and Sarang Khan were trustworthy and influential slaves of Jam Nizamuddin. However, Darya Khan had extraordinary talents who took his education in early age under the direct supervision of Jam Nizamuddin. Considering his intelligence and loyalty, the king adopted him as his son. It is known that Darya Khan as a young boy was particularly active, skilful and helpful to others. He showed precocious energy and steadfastness. He was imperious and eager for action. Darya Khan's bravery, his tenacity and above all his sense of justice established him as the undisputed leader of the troops as well as of the masses of Sindh. Later on he was promoted to various ranks and finally he was appointed as prime minister of the king and the supreme commander of Sindhian Army for which he suited most. The king being further pleased with his outstanding military and political achievements soon conferred upon him the titles of "Mubarak Khan" and "Khan-i-Azam". In fact Darya Khan came from Sindhi origin belonging to Qabuliyo tribe, was settled in Gaha village, referred to as "Kahan", where he was granted huge lands (Jagir) by Jam Nizamuddin in present Dadu district, where Qabuliyo tribe is still living in the same vicinity. Thus one can say that, Darya Khan originally belonged to Qabuliyo tribe of Sindhi origin.
  6. ↑ Ghulam Mohammad Lakho (1987). سمن جي سلطنت (in Sindhi). Pakistan Study Centre, Jamshoro. p. 123. Little material is found in history regarding the lineage and early period of Dula Darya Khan. Syed Tahir Muhammad called him 'Syed Zado' (born of a Syed). Some authors have also referred to him as 'Ridar'. According to the traditional records of Sindhi tribes, Darya Khan belonged to the 'qabuliyo' tribe. There is also a possibility that the Samma people of Sindh, particularly those from the Samat tribes, appointed him as an officer to administrative posts. In the beginning, Jam Nizamuddin did not have any male offspring; therefore, he adopted Darya Khan as his son. Originally, he was a slave of Diwan Lakder, from whom Jam Nando (Jam Nizamuddin) acquired him.
  7. ↑ Jiskāṇī, Laʻlu Bak̲h̲shu (2020). Sindh Studies: Culture and History. Peacock Publishers Sindh. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-969-7914-37-1.
  8. ↑ Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The age of achievement pt1, pt2. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 303,305.
  9. 1 2 The Samma Kingdom of Sindh. Institute of Sindhology, University of Jamshoro. 2006. pp. 107, 110, 133, 135. ISBN 9789694050782.
  10. ↑ N Harjani aka DADUZEN, Dayal (2018). Sindhi Roots & Rituals - Part 1. Notion Press. ISBN 9781642492897.
  11. ↑ Puri, B. N.; Das, M. N. (2003-12-01). A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 81. ISBN 978-81-207-2508-9.
  12. ↑ Channa Mahboob Ali, Mehran, Vol.41, No. 4, 1964, pp. 131-32.
  13. ↑ Hasan, Shaikh Khurshid (2001). The Islamic Architectural Heritage of Pakistan. Royal Book Company. p. 73. ISBN 9789694072623.
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