Damavand, Iran

Damavand
Persian: دماوند
City
View of the city of Damavand
View of the city of Damavand
Damavand is located in Iran
Damavand
Damavand
Location within Iran
Coordinates: 35°41′46″N 52°02′48″E / 35.69611°N 52.04667°E / 35.69611; 52.04667[1][2]
CountryIran
ProvinceTehran
CountyDamavand
DistrictCentral
Highest elevation
2,250 m (7,380 ft)
Lowest elevation
1,800 m (5,900 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
48,380
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
WebsiteOfficial website

Damavand (Persian: دماوند)[a] is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 36,433 in 10,279 households.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 37,315 people in 11,455 households.[7] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 48,380 people in 15,267 households.[3]

Site History

a ceramic rhyton ending in the forepart of an Ibex
Parthian Rhyton in the shape of an Ibex excavated at Veliran

Damavand is an ancient and historic city. The name Damavand appears in Sassanid texts as Dunbawand, though this likely refers to the nearby mountain of the same name, and not the town, which in pre-Islamic times was called Peshyān. The town lies on the Harāz Road, an significant pass through the Alborz mountains, which made the town an important thoroughfare until the construction of the Tehran-Amol road in 1950 CE.[8]

Just to the east of Damavand lies the historic site of Veliran, where Parthian and Sasanian remains have been found. Excavations carried out by Mohammad-Reza Ne'mati and Ali Sadraie in 2006 and 2007 revealed a Parthian period graveyard, including a major tomb called the 'hypogeum' which included ceramic rhyta in the shape of Ibexes. The excavations also uncovered a later Sasanian period structure.[9]

Climate

Damavand has a humid continental climate with hot summers, very cold snowy winters, and cool rainy springs and autumns (Köppen: Dsa). The average annual temperature is 9.6°C in Damavand.

Climate data for Damavand
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0)		 0.4
(32.7)		 6
(43)		 12.4
(54.3)		 19.1
(66.4)		 25.1
(77.2)		 27.6
(81.7)		 26.5
(79.7)		 22.3
(72.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 6.2
(43.2)		 1.2
(34.2)		 13.4
(56.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 2.5
(36.5)		 8.5
(47.3)		 14.9
(58.8)		 20.5
(68.9)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 18.2
(64.8)		 11.8
(53.2)		 2.8
(37.0)		 −2
(28)		 9.6
(49.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.9
(17.8)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 3.8
(38.8)		 9.7
(49.5)		 14.5
(58.1)		 17.3
(63.1)		 16.6
(61.9)		 13.6
(56.5)		 8.1
(46.6)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 5.1
(41.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39
(1.5)		 46
(1.8)		 62
(2.4)		 53
(2.1)		 32
(1.3)		 12
(0.5)		 11
(0.4)		 8
(0.3)		 8
(0.3)		 26
(1.0)		 39
(1.5)		 38
(1.5)		 374
(14.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6 7 7 7 5 2 2 1 2 4 6 5 54
Average relative humidity (%) 59 61 56 49 35 27 30 30 30 41 60 60 45
Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/iran/tehran/damavand-768465/

Economy

Damavand is an agricultural city, and due to its streams, rivers, springs and temperate climate, it has numerous gardens and fields. An important part of the city's economy is provided by the export of tree products. Apples, pears, cherries, apricots, walnuts, tomatoes, wheat, potatoes, beans, and cucumbers are some of the products of this city, some of which, like apples and pears, are famous and distinguished in terms of type. In recent years, beekeeping has become one of the sources of income for the people of this city, and Damavand honey competes with the best honey in Iran in terms of quality and constitutes a significant part of the city's exports. New style livestock has been developed in Damavand for several years, and the obtained products are exported to Tehran in addition to meeting the needs of the region.[10]

Transportation

Damavand can be reached by road from Firuzkuh via Gilavand and from Haraz road, via Mosha.

Historical attractions

Damavand contains 37 historical tombs (Imamzadeh), 27 castle ruins, 23 traditional houses of architectural significance, 18 traditional bath houses, 6 caves, 5 historical bridges, 3 historical mosques, and 3 caravanserais.

The main landmarks are the Friday Mosque (15th century) and the Sheikh Shebli Mausoleum and Tower, dating to the Seljuq era.

See also

Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Damavand at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

  1. ↑ Also romanized as Damāvand, Damāwand and Demāvend; also known as Qasabehe Damāwand[4]

References

  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (18 September 2024). "ولیران [Valiran], Damavand, Central District (Damavand County), Damavand County, Tehran Province, 39718-83613, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  2. ↑ "M2WW+CMV Damavand, Tehran Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  3. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان تهران [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Tehran Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  4. ↑ Damavand, Iran at GEOnet Names Server
  5. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان تهران به مرکزیت شهر تهران [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Tehran province centered on the city of Tehran]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] B559F46F-4863-4D87-ACAB-5274C02BA3C5. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 21 June 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  6. ↑ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان تهران [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Tehran Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  7. ↑ سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان تهران [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Tehran Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  8. ↑ "DAMĀVAND i. Geography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 6 August 2026.
  9. ↑ "Velirān – Iran Gazetteer". Retrieved 6 August 2026.
  10. ↑ Mahdi Alamdari, فرهنگ عامیانه دماوند, Damavand folk culture, [Ershad], [1379(2000)]
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